scholarly journals W sprawie podlegania nieformalnych opiekunów osób niesamodzielnych ubezpieczeniu wypadkowemu

2019 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
Ariel Przybyłowicz

ON THE SOCIAL INSURANCE OF THE CAREGIVERS OF DEPENDENT PERSONSThe author considers whether the caregivers of dependent persons can obtain social accident insurance. In the first place, he defines who should be treated as a caregiver of a dependent person for the purposes of the study. In the following part, he considers the legal structure of paying a contribution towards the pension and disability pension insurance for the caregivers of dependent persons. Applying the language and system interpretation, he concludes that it is a legal construction that is different from the classic insurance entitlement. In the context of caregivers, it has significant legal consequences because it deprives them of the protection of accident insurance. The legal structure applied by the legislator means that they are not subject to this insurance even though care constitutes an increased risk of an accident. Finally, the author postulates that the health damages of caregivers caused by accidents occuring as part of the caring should be protected as part of the social compensation system.

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-473
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Przysada ◽  
Justyna Kilian ◽  
Agnieszka Wiśniowska-Szurlej ◽  
Bernard Sozański ◽  
Paweł Piwoński ◽  
...  

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e026491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klas Gustafsson ◽  
Staffan Marklund ◽  
Gunnar Aronsson ◽  
Constanze Leineweber

ObjectiveTo study the influence of physical work factors on the risks of future disability pension (DP) due to mental or musculoskeletal diagnoses among nursing professionals, care assistants and all other occupations in the general working population in Sweden.MethodsThe prospective population study was based on representative samples of working individuals (n=79 004) aged 16–64, interviewed in the Swedish Work Environment Survey between 1993 and 2013. Information on diagnosed DP in 1994–2014 was gathered from the Social Insurance Agency’s database. The focus was on nursing professionals (registered nurses and midwives) and care assistants, for example, assistant nurses and hospital ward assistants. The outcome was DP, classified into two diagnostic groups. Associations between physical work factors and risk of DP were calculated using Cox regression with HR and 95% CI.ResultsPhysical work factors were associated with future DP after adjusting for sociodemographic conditions and psychosocial work factors among care assistants (n=10 175) and among all other occupations (n=66 253), but not among nursing professionals (n=2576). The increased risk among care assistants (n=197) exposed to heavy physical work was 66% (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.39 to 1.97), and for those exposed to strenuous work postures (n=420) it was 56% (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.80). Physical work indicators were mainly associated with musculoskeletal DP diagnoses among care assistants, but two indicators were significant also for mental diagnoses. An increased risk of DP was found among nursing professionals (n=102) exposed to detergents or disinfectants (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.05), but not among care assistants.ConclusionsHeavy physical work and strenuous postures are predictors of future DP, particularly among care assistants and in the general working population. In order to reduce early exit from the workforce, efforts should be made to improve physical and ergonomic working conditions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Taras ТOKARSKYI ◽  

The article analyzes the general principles of financial security of social insurance in the Republic of Poland under the prism of economic security of the state. Attention is paid to social priorities, which are indicators of democratization of the country, the need to develop a deep understanding of the social system as its driving force. Design models of financial provision of social insurance civilized Western world can be a way to build a European state, which formed the basis of insurance in Ukraine. Using projected national capacity to change the social insurance system in Ukraine does not always find confirmation of its effectiveness. Therefore, in practice, is a valuable experience for us close mentality of countries, including the practice of social insurance in Poland. Provided formed their own development potential of the social priorities of stimulating the experience of others to accelerate the European integration processes, promote the establishment of friendly relations with foreign partners. Stress on the analysis of the system of financing social security in Polish Republic interesting that detailed income and expenditure for payments that are financed by the Fund, that it comes to payments from the pension fund of fund disease and to fund accidents and family benefits payments health care and unemployment benefits. Separately, there are benefits from social insurance for farmers. Noted that the basis for social insurance in the Republic of Poland rests justice as a fundamental component of all democratic processes: interest rates for contributions for social and pension insurance are the same for all insured.


2020 ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Mykhailo KRUPKA ◽  
Iryna PRYIMAK ◽  
Bohdana VYSHYVANA

Introduction. Achieving public welfare is impossible without an effective social protection system, which combines pension insurance, social insurance, health care, as well as material support in difficult life situations. Low budget funding for social protection of population necessitates the use of insurance instruments to neutralize major social risks. However, the role of social and personal insurance in the financial provision of social protection remains insufficient, and its potential in improving the welfare of Ukrainians is underestimated. However, the role of social and personal insurance in the financial provision of social protection remains insufficient, and its potential in improving the welfare of Ukrainians is underestimated. The purpose is to define the role and outline the prospects for the development of social and personal insurance in the context of ensuring public welfare in Ukraine. Results. The essence and main components of social welfare are revealed. It was found that the level of well-being of Ukrainians is ten times lower than in European countries. There are the main negative factors which influence the social protection system defined, in particular: low income and rising expenditures of the Pension Fund of Ukraine and the Social Insurance Fund of Ukraine, the widespread practice of minimizing SSPs by refusing to enter into classic employment contracts in favor of civil agreements with individual entrepreneurs, reduction of the number of insured persons working for hire, high level of labor emigration of Ukrainians. The health care system impact on the growth of public welfare in Ukraine is analyzed. The inefficiency of the current financial support model of the health care system is substantiated, which makes it necessary for households to pay for most of the cost of medical services. Tendencies in the development of the domestic health insurance market are highlighted. Perspectives. It is proposed to revise the principles of building accumulative pension insurance and introduce a budget-insurance model of financing the health care system, which will help to improve the welfare of the population of Ukraine.


Social Law ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
О. Gavrilova

The article analyzes the foreign experience of social accident insurance industrial accidents and occupational diseases in countries such as Bulgaria, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Spain and others. The author noted that the use of advanced foreign experience in the field of social insurance against industrial accidents and occupational disease is impossible without rethinking and abandoning the dominant today in Ukrainian society the state-paternalistic approach, according to which the full responsibility for the social security of the population rests with government agencies.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Roman Garbiec

AbstractThe disability pension system in Poland has operated largely unchanged since the 1970s. A compelling need to reform the system and adjust it to the challenges of the 21st century is an axiom in the Polish social policy. Unfortunately, restructuring of this system has never been, and is not a top priority for the Polish government. Ignoring this problem is a headwind against economic growth in Poland as the state is overburdened with significant social taxes. A need for the state to provide subsidies to cover current expenditures of the Social Insurance Trust Fund (FUS) is a permanent concern of the national economy. This paper highlights legislative errors and omissions in the Polish social insurance system, and the share of the state's budget devoted to financing of this system and benefit payments over the years 1991-2018. In the main part of the article, financial aspects of the operation of the pension system in Poland were presented. At the end of the article, a preliminary concept of a reform of the existing disability pension system was outlined, whose aim is in particular to improve its financial effectiveness and introduce uniform rules for the payment of pension benefits in Poland.


Author(s):  
Antti Huhtamäki

Mela is the Farmers’ Social Insurance Institution of Finland (in Finnish: Maatalousyrittäjien eläkelaitos) founded in 1969. It provides comprehensive pension cover and social security to farmers, reindeer herders, fishermen, forest owners and recipients of scientific or artistic grants and scholarships living in Finland. In addition to providing pension insurance (MYEL), Mela provides its customers: statutory occupational accident insurance, leisuretime accident insurance, Mela sickness allowance, occupational rehabilitation, group life insurance, and farm closure support for farmers and reindeer herders. It also administers the farmers’ holiday and stand-in scheme, and provides advisory services related to occupational safety and wellbeing at work. The social security provided by Mela was originally addresses to farmers, reindeer herders, fishermen, forest owners. Since 2009 also recipients of scientific and artistic grants/scholarships are Mela’s customers. This article presents the most important stages in the development of social insurance for agricultural entrepreneurs in Finland and the evolution of this system until today. It also explains different benefits offered by Mela and the rules of being subject to social insurance by Mela, as well as the financial economy of Mela, including Mela’s sources of revenue. Finally, it presents tailored programmes and actions offered by Mela to the insured.


Virittäjä ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Rouhikoski

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan nollapersoonaisen modaaliverbirakenteen käyttöä direktiivinä (esim. tämä hakemus pitäs vielä täyttää). Aineistona on 11,5 tuntia Kansaneläkelaitoksen eli Kelan toimistoissa videolle tallennettuja aitoja asiakaspalvelutilanteita, 131 yksittäistä tilannetta. Aineistossa esiintyvät neljä virkailijaa ovat noin 30-vuotiaita; asiakkaiden ikä vaihtelee noin 18 ja 80 vuoden välillä. Analyysi osoittaa, että nollapersoonan referenssi on ainakin muodollisesti avoin ja Kelan tilanteissa se usein kattaa sekä paikalla olevan asiakkaan että muut samassa tilanteessa olevat ihmiset. Siten nollapersoonalla ilmaistaan eksplisiittisesti, että kaikkia kohdellaan samoin säännöin eikä asiakkaalta vaadita mitään poikkeuksellista. Se ikään kuin perustelee itse itsensä. Modaaliverbi (esim. kannattaa, pitää, täytyä, voida) puolestaan tuo lausumaan jonkin keskustelun ulkoisen velvoitteen. Aineistossa nollapersoonaisia modaaliverbidirektiivejä käytetään usein silloin, kun virkailija ei käsittele itsestään selvänä, että asiakas tulee noudattamaan saamaansa direktiiviä, vaan direktiiviin liittyy epävarmuustekijöitä. Näitä ovat arkaluonteisuus, erilinjaisuus, toiminnon aiheuttama vaiva tai toiminnon uutuus vuorovaikutustilanteessa. Nollapersoonainen modaaliverbidirektiivi ottaa hienovaraisesti huomioon toimintoon liittyvät epävarmuustekijät mutta osoittaa silti toiminnon olevan tilanteessa tarpeellinen. Nollapersoonalausumia verrataan artikkelissa toiseen direktiivityyppiin, 2. persoonan modaaliverbilausumiin (esim. tää sun pitäs kuitenki täyttää vielä). Niissäkin modaaliverbi välittää tilanteen ulkopuolelta tulevan käskyn, mutta lausuma rajataan koskemaan ainoastaan yhtä asiakasta ja hänen velvollisuutensa tehdään näkyviksi. 2. persoonan modaaliverbidirektiiveillä annetaan yleensä lisäohjeita jo meneillään olevassa prosessissa tai toistetaan jokin jo annettu direktiivi. Lisäksi niitä käytetään yleensä vain silloin, kun asiakas on virkailijaa nuorempi, kun taas nollapersoonadirektiivejä esitetään kaikenikäisille asiakkaille.   Zero-person subjects and modal verbs in directives: a study of employees at the Social Insurance Institution of Finland  The article analyses the directive use of a Finnish zero person + modal verb construction, e.g. tämä hakemus pitäs vielä täyttää (‘one should fill in this application form’). The data comprises 11.5 hours of service encounters videotaped at the offices of the Social Insurance Institution of Finland (in Finnish: Kansaneläkelaitos = Kela), 131 encounters in total. The four employees in these encounters are all in their thirties, while their clients are between 18–80 years of age. The referent of a zero-person construction is formally open, and in the service encounters analysed here its referent is often not only the client but anyone else who finds themselves in a similar situation. Therefore, the zero person explicitly expresses the notion that all clients are treated in an equal manner. The modal verb (e.g. pitää, täytyä ‘must, have to, should’; voida ‘be able to’; kannattaa ‘be worthwhile’) denotes an obligation that comes from outside the situation at hand. The analysis of the data indicates that a zero person + modal verb construction is often used when the directive involves contingencies, such as delicacy, disalignment, imposition, or a previously undiscussed action. The zero person + modal verb construction displays the speaker’s orientation towards contingencies but also indicates the necessity of the action in question. The zero-person construction stands in contrast to another directive construction, that of the 2nd-person subject + modal verb (e.g. tää sun pitäs kuitenki täyttää vielä ‘you should still fill in this one’). The modal verb conveys an external obligation, but the 2nd-person pronoun refers to one sole person and makes explicit his/her responsibilities. This construction is mainly used when reformulating a previous directive or giving additional advice. Moreover, it is usually only used when addressing younger clients, whereas the zero-person construction is suitable to clients of all ages.


Author(s):  
Lyudmila A. Migranova ◽  
◽  
Valentin D. Roik ◽  

The article deals with the issues of functioning of the social insurance institution, the organizational-legal and financial forms of which are presented by the state extrabudgetary social funds - Pension Fund of Russia, Mandatory Social Insurance Fund and Mandatory Health Insurance Fund. It considers the main characteristics of social insurance: a) scope of covering the employed population by insurance protection; b) contribution rates as related to wages; c) level of protection of population incomes (pensions and benefits as related to wages and subsistence minimum); d) availability of quality medical assistance and rehabilitation services. There are analyzed the present social risks and problems of the RF insurance system. The main problem is that the amount of financial expenditures on all types of social insurance per beneficiary is about half that of most developed and developing countries. The primary cause is lacking motivation of both employees and employers to participate in the mandatory social insurance and to legalize their earnings. In the conclusion there are formulated a number of proposals for improvement of the institution of social insurance in Russia. It is proposed to expand the range of insurance cases concerning unemployment insurance and care for elderly people, to increase the total amount of compulsory contributions to extrabudgetary insurance funds from 30.2% up to 42.5% from three sources - employees, employers and the state.


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