scholarly journals Research of ecological indicators of two-way vehicle in stationary conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michalina Kamińska ◽  
Maciej Andrzejewski ◽  
Paweł Daszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Stationary Test ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Stationary Conditions ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
Operating Points ◽  
Agricultural Tractor

The article concerns the research on the emission of pollutants of a rail-road tractor in two stationary research tests. The purpose of the tests was to carry out control tests of pollutant emissions and their analysis. The object used during the works was approved in accordance with the Stage V standard, which requires measurements of emissivity both in stationary, dynamic and real conditions. Despite the requirement to test engines installed on a vehicle during their normal duty cycle with PEMS, the emission limits measured in this test have not yet been defined. Therefore, the work below focuses on the stationary test cycle. The measurements were carried out in accordance with the combustion engine operating points described in the approval test, and then compared with the modernized NRSC test. It contains modified measuring points and rotational speeds of the crankshaft, adopted on the basis of the most common operating parameters of agricultural tractor combustion engines in real operating conditions. The measurements were performed with the use of a mobile dynamometer and devices for measuring emissions of harmful exhaust gas compounds and recording on-board data. In the test, the vehicle drive system worked at fixed operating points, with defined values of crankshaft rotational speed and load. Based on the recorded data on the concentrations of pollutants in the exhaust gases, the specific emission of the object was determined. In the final stage of the work, these data were used to perform a comparative analysis with the emission limits contained in the standard.

Compressor Design for Multi-Point Operating Conditions of Turbocharged Gasoline Engines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Chen ◽  
Yangjun Zhang ◽  
Xinqian Zheng ◽  
Weilin Zhuge
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Compressor Design ◽  
Operating Points ◽  
Load Conditions

Turbocharger compressor design is a major challenge for performance improvement of turbocharged internal combustion engines. This paper presents a multi-point design methodology for turbocharger centrifugal compressors. In this approach, several design operating condition points of turbocharger compressor are considered according to total engine system requirements, instead of one single operating point for traditional design method. Different compressor geometric parameters are selected and investigated at multi-point operating conditions for the flow-solutions of different design objectives. The method has been applied with success to a small centrifugal compressor design of a turbocharged gasoline engine. The results show that the consideration of several operating points is essential to improve the aerodynamic behavior for the whole working range. The isentropic efficiency has been increased by more than 5% at part-load conditions while maintaining the pressure ratio and flow range at full-load conditions of the gasoline engine.

Behavior Prediction Model in Gas Fueled Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines Turbocharged for Genset Application

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Duarte Forero ◽  
German Amador Diaz ◽  
Fabio Blanco Castillo ◽  
Lesme Corredor Martinez ◽  
Ricardo Vasquez Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Equivalence Ratio ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Methane Number

In this paper, a mathematical model is performed in order to analyze the effect of the methane number (MN) on knock tendency when spark ignition internal combustion engine operate with gaseous fuels produced from different thermochemical processes. The model was validated with experimental data reported in literature and the results were satisfactory. A general correlation for estimating the autoignition time of gaseous fuels in function of cylinder temperature, and pressure, equivalence ratio and methane number of the fuel was carried out. Livengood and Wu correlation is used to predict autoignition in function of the crank angle. This criterium is a way to predict the autoignition tendency of a fuel/air mixture under engine conditions and consider the ignition delay. A chemical equilibrium model which considers 98 chemical species was used in this research in order to simulate the combustion of the gaseous fuels at differents engine operating conditions. The effect of spark advance, equivalence ratio, methane number (MN), charge (inlet pressure) and inlet temperature (manifold temperature) on engine knocking is evaluated. This work, explore the feasibility of using syngas with low methane number as fuel for commercial internal combustion engines.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF AUTOMATION OF THE DIAGNOSIS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES OF THE YAMZ-238 FAMILY

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Dmytro Borysiuk ◽  
Viacheslav Zelinskyi ◽  
Igor Tverdokhlib ◽  
Yurii Polievoda
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inverse Transformation ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Functional Relationships

Constructive improvement of mobile energy means, in particular their main unit - the internal combustion engine, is directed on: maintenance of differentiation of size of parameters of functioning of mechanisms of systems depending on variability of conditions and modes of operation of cars; increase of technical resource at use of cars on purpose in the set operating conditions. The existing methods and tools for diagnosing vehicle engines do not fully determine their current technical condition, which requires the development of mathematical models to automate the process of diagnosing their components and parts was found іn the analysis of literature sources. The object of diagnosis is a diesel internal combustion engine of the YaMZ-238 family, which is part of the power unit of most vehicles. Mathematical model of automation of the process of diagnosing internal combustion engines of the YaMZ-238 family is presents in the article. Replacing real technical devices with their idealized models allows the widespread use of various mathematical methods. In this case, the internal combustion engine of the YaMZ-238 family, as the object of diagnosis, is presented in the form of a «black box», the input and output parameters of which have a finite set of values. In general, the mathematical model is a system of functional relationships between each diagnostic signal and structural parameters. For internal combustion engines of the YaMZ-238 family, a diagnostic matrix has been compiled, which includes a list of faults and signs of faults. It is determined that the process of diagnosis based on the model of the diagnostic object is possible if the inverse transformation of the number of signs of malfunctions into the number of structural parameters (malfunctions) of the object was unambiguous. The proposed mathematical model of automation of the process of diagnosing internal combustion engines of the family YaMZ-238 will detect faults of components and parts depending on their characteristics.

Exhaust Pressure Estimation and Its Application to Detection and Isolation of Turbocharger System Faults for Internal Combustion Engines

2011 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-Yun Wang ◽  
Ibrahim Haskara
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Recirculation Flow ◽  
Model Based

Engine exhaust backpressure is a critical parameter in the calculation of the volumetric efficiency and exhaust gas recirculation flow of an internal combustion engine. The backpressure also needs to be controlled to a presetting limit under high speed and load engine operating conditions to avoid damaging a turbocharger. In this paper, a method is developed to estimate exhaust pressure for internal combustion engines equipped with variable geometry turbochargers. The method uses a model-based approach that applies a coordinate transformation to generate a turbine map for the estimation of exhaust pressure. This estimation can substitute for an expensive pressure sensor, thus saving significant cost for production vehicles. On the other hand, for internal combustion engines that have already installed exhaust pressure sensors, this estimation can be used to generate residual signals for model-based diagnostics. Cumulative sum algorithms are applied to residuals based on multiple sensor fusion, and with the help of signal processing, the algorithms are able to detect and isolate critical failure modes of a turbocharger system.

scholarly journals Environmental safety management of urban building by regulation of formation process of exhaust gases of motor vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 04065
Author(s):  
Liparit Badalyan ◽  
Vladimir Kurdjukov ◽  
Alla Ovcharenko
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Reliable Determination ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Modern Development

Modern development of the construction industry involves accounting and assessment of operating conditions of structures. Excessive technological environmental impact can lead to economic losses and a decrease in the efficiency of investment projects in construction. Mobile sources emission record is an important component of the ecosystem state diagnosis in modern cities. For scientifically substantiated and reliable determination of the mass flow of the motor vehicles pollutants it is necessary to take into account the mixture formation and combustion of the working mixture in the internal combustion engine. The article describes the authors' approach to calculating the volumetric flow rate of exhaust gases based on the characteristics of the vehicle's transport operations available for operational control. Studies have shown that, when using a particular fuel, the determination of the volume flow rate of exhaust gases can be reduced to finding the power of the engine . In addition, the composition changes of the fuel (or fuel replacement) and the regulation of the effective power of the engine (by organization of traffic) allow to influence on the volume and composition of the emission of exhaust gases of vehicles and on the pollution of the urban environment in general. The results of the studies make it easier to calculate the mass of pollutant emissions by the transport stream into the outer air and can be used as preliminary data to assess the negative anthropogenic impact on the ecosystem.

scholarly journals Less wear on the piston skirts of internal combustion engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Arthur R. Asoyan ◽  
Alexander S. Gorshkov ◽  
Ani H. Israelyan
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Surface Plastic ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Piston Cylinder ◽  
Operational Life ◽  
Piston Skirts

A significant proportion of mechanical losses in internal combustion engines accounted for mechanical losses in the cylinder-piston group. Depending on the operating modes of the internal combustion engine, contact interaction in the piston-cylinder pair is possible, which leads to wear of the working surfaces of the resource-determining elements and a decrease in the operational life of the power unit as a whole, in connection with which the reduction of friction losses in the internal combustion engine elements and the piston - cylinder liner coupling in particular is relevant. Both domestic and foreign researchers are engaged in the solution of the above described problems, various profiles of pistons, methods of calculating the parameters of the oil layer are proposed, but the practical state of the issue determines the relevance of research in this direction. The paper considers the possibility of reducing the wear of piston skirts by reducing the contact surface in conjugation and providing an oil film in the friction zone, regardless of engine operating conditions. This opportunity is realized by forming a certain macro profile on the working surface of the piston skirt. The formation of the macrorelief was carried out by means of surface plastic deformation, with the reciprocating movement of a spherical tool on the machined surface.

scholarly journals Reduction of Cold-Start Emissions for a Micro Combined Heat and Power Plant

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1862
Author(s):  
Tammo Zobel ◽  
Christian Schürch ◽  
Konstantinos Boulouchos ◽  
Christopher Onder
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Full Load Operation

Decentralized power generation by combined heat and power plants becomes increasingly popular as a measure to advance the energy transition. In this context, a substantial advantage of small combined heat and power plants is based on the relatively low pollutant emissions. However, a large proportion of the pollutant emissions is produced during a cold-start. This fact is not reflected in governmental and institutional emission guidelines, as these strongly focus on the emission levels under steady-state conditions. This study analyzes the spark advance, the reference air/fuel ratio and an electrically heated catalyst in terms of their potential to reduce the cold-start emissions of a micro combined heat and power plant which uses a natural gas fueled reciprocating internal combustion engine as prime mover and a three-way catalytic converter as aftertreatment system. Based on these measures, control approaches were developed that account for the specific operating conditions of the class of small combined heat and power plants, e.g., full-load operation and flexible, demand-driven runtimes. The experimental data demonstrates that even solutions with marginal adaptation/integration effort can reduce cold-start emissions to a great extent.

Microstructural Aspects of TBC`s Deposited on Internal Combustion Engine Valve Materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 907 ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Panțuru ◽  
Daniela Chicet ◽  
Constantin Paulin ◽  
Ștefan Lupescu ◽  
Corneliu Munteanu
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Plasma ◽  
Thermal Barrier ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Surface Appearance

The discs of the intake or exhaust valves are vital organs of internal combustion engines, being subjected to extreme operating conditions, thermal, mechanical and chemical types. One of the goals of researches in this area is related to thermal insulation of the combustion chamber of internal combustion engines, which could enhance their performance in operation. In this article we analysed the microstructural aspects of some coatings obtained from powders with thermal barrier role on specific materials for internal combustion engines valves. There were used as substrate samples of low alloy steels with Si and high alloyed steels with Cr, Ni and Mn. Using the facility SPRAYWIZARD 9MCE for atmospheric plasma spraying, two types of thermal barrier coatings were produced, from powders based on zirconia and alumina. The samples were analyzed in terms of microstructure using the QUANTA 200 3D scanning electron microscope and the X`PERT PROMD diffractometer. Observations were made both on the longitudinal surface of the coating in order to evaluate it and on the cross-section to evaluate the substrate-coating interface, the influence of deposition temperatures on the substrate and aspect/microstructure on its depth. XRD analysis revealed a cubic structure of aluminum oxide, respectively zirconium oxide. The identified morphology is a specific "splat" one for the ceramic coatings. Surface appearance shows tiny pores and cracks specific to the spraying method. The resulted coatings present a significant compactness and adherence to the substrate, which recommends them for further thermal behaviour testing.

Improving the Application of Turbine Maps in 1D Engine Process Modelling

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Vogt ◽  
Florian Frese ◽  
Holger Mai ◽  
Roland Baar
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Process Simulation ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Back Pressure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Characteristic Map ◽  
Emission Limits

The new Euro 6 emission limits represent a major challenge to the development of internal combustion engines. One way to achieve this goal is to enhance the 1D engine process simulation of supercharged engines. In contrast to the widely-used 1D-modelling of pipe flow, turbochargers are generally modelled using maps of mass flow and efficiency. The turbines of turbochargers are usually mapped with constant back pressure and constant inlet temperature on special test beds. Standard non-dimensional values for flow and impeller speed should allow the turbine operating point to be recalculated depending on its boundary conditions. This procedure does not work sufficiently for operating conditions that, e.g. occur in two stage turbocharging or at high temperature offsets to the mapping conditions. This especially concerns the turbine efficiency. Methods like varying the turbine inlet temperature and the turbine back pressure expand the information of the turbine characteristic map. Both methods, used as additional boundary conditions, improve the precision of 1D simulation. The effects of the adjustments will be demonstrated using the example of a 1D engine process simulation of a turbocharged engine.

Modelling and Simulation of the Hydraulic Circuit of an Agricultural Tractor

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Pintore ◽  
Massimo Borghi ◽  
Riccardo Morselli ◽  
Alessandro Benevelli ◽  
Barbara Zardin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Hydraulic Circuit ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Hydraulic Power ◽  
Future Emission ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
Agricultural Tractor

This work aims to analyse a complete hydraulic system of a medium size agricultural tractor, in order to perform an energy dissipation analysis and to test possible alternative configurations and solutions. The fuel consumption and energy dissipation in off-road vehicles have infact become a key feature, given the great attention devoted to the need of reducing pollutant emissions, in order to satisfy the future emission limits. Standard and alternative architecture configurations are modelled and compared on the basis of the power consumption to perform the same duty cycle. Among the results, it is worth highlighting that a relevant percentage of energy may be saved with simple modifications in the hydraulic power generation group.

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