scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE STREET-ROAD NETWORK WHEN CONSTRUCTING THE ROAD GRAPH IN THE TRANSPORT MODEL

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-283
Author(s):  
V. N. Myachin ◽  
◽  
K. S. Borovikova ◽  
D. P. Krivtsov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Network Graph ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Transport Problems

Constructing transport models is a relevant tool for solving various transport problems. The article discusses one of the important stages of creating a transport model — building a graph of a street-road network. The examples of the graphs of the street-road network of cities developed by the authors are presented. Special attention is paid to the features of road classification when developing a graph. The analysis of normative documents, in accordance with which a class is assigned to roads and streets in the Russian Federation, is carried out. Three ways of developing a road network graph are proposed. Methods for constructing a graph using data on the street-road network from the open cartographic source OSM are described in more detail. The main problems of applying each of the methods are outlined. The main problem is the discrepancy between the classification of roads from the OSM and the classification of roads of the Russian Federation adopted in the regulatory documents. Variants of simplifying the construction of the road network graph in the transport model are suggested.

scholarly journals The Development of a Concept Model of All-Weather Safe Winter Tires

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
I.V. Balabin ◽  
O.I. Balabin ◽  
I.S. Chabunin
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Winter Temperature ◽  
The Road ◽  
Concept Model ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article presents issues related to improving safety and efficiency of operation of mobile machines in the constantly changing, winter temperature and traffic conditions. The authors develop a conceptual model of winter all-weather tires able to adapt to various road conditions such as when the road is covered with a layer of ice or compacted snow, or when the road is free from snow and ice. The use of such winter all weather tires will improve the road safety by contributing to increasing the life of tires and preserving the road network. The proposed model has no foreign analogues and is protected by a patent of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Mapping of seasonal road transport accessibility in the Arctic region of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-113
Author(s):  
Tatiana Nokelaynen
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Transport Accessibility ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Arctic Region

Transport accessibility is one of the main categories in transport research and planning of socio-economic development of territories. For Russia, which has the largest area of the northern and arctic territories, this problem is especially urgent. The presence and condition of the road network determines the territorial integrity and unity of the economic space, therefore fulfilling the most important strategic task of the spatial integration of the country. Automobile transport in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is poorly developed and is characterized by a low density of the public network. Its main features are the disunity of the road network, the heterogeneous degree of transport development of the territories and the noticeable role of winter roads in the road infrastructure. An integral part of the transport logistics of the Arctic regions of Russia are winter roads, which allow transportation in the winter season at the lowest cost. The purpose of this study is to develop a database structure and thematic mapping of automobile roads in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, taking into account the seasonality of their operation. As a result of this work, a classification of winter automobile roads and ice crossings of the Arctic territories was developed and an overview map “Seasonal road transport accessibility of the Arctic region of Russia” at a scale of 1:20,000,000 was compiled. The map demonstrates the contrast between the relatively good winter transport development of the territory and summer impassability. On the basis of statistical materials, maps “Density of all-season motorable roads” and “Level of motorization” were compiled, which give an idea of the differentiation of the regions of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation by these indicators. A high level of motorization significantly exceeds the capacity of the existing roads. This is due to the fact that off-road transport is the only guarantor of mobility for the population of hard-to-reach settlements.

Objectives of the penal system and problems of differentiation of convicted persons to deprivation of liberty

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Сергей Михайлович Савушкин
Keyword(s):  
Program Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Nelson Mandela ◽  
Target Program ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Development Concept

Важность определения конкретных, измеримых и объективно необходимых целей деятельности исправительных учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы объясняется проблемами, с которыми сталкиваются сотрудники при выполнении функций, отдельные из которых не способствуют достижению целей уголовно-исполнительного законодательства РФ. В статье рассматриваются и подвергаются конструктивной критике цели уголовно-исполнительного законодательства, задачи уголовно-исполнительной системы (которые в 2004 г. были исключены из закона), основные задачи ФСИН России, основные цели Концепции развития уголовно-исполнительной системы РФ до 2020 г., цель Концепции федеральной целевой программы «Развитие уголовно-исполнительной системы (2017-2025 годы)». Приводятся цели классификации осужденных, которые предусмотрены Правилами Нельсона Манделы, как положительный опыт закрепления целей отдельного правового института. Высказывается позиция относительно необходимости закрепления целей отдельных институтов, промежуточных целей и важности определения точных критериев оценки достижимости отмеченных целей. Данная работа проводится для выявления имеющихся проблем, связанных с отсутствием конкретных показателей деятельности исправительных учреждений, выполнение которых должно способствовать достижению целей уголовно-исполнительного законодательства РФ. The importance of determining the specific, measurable and objectively necessary goals of the activities of correctional institutions of the penal system is explained by the problems faced by employees in performing functions, some of which do not contribute to the achievement of the goals of the penal legislation of the Russian Federation. The article discusses and criticizes constructively the goals of the penal legislation, the tasks of the penal system (which were excluded from the Law in 2004), the main tasks of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, the main goals of the Development Concept of the Russian penal system until 2020, the goal of the Federal Concept target program "Development of the penal system (2017-2025)". The goals of the classification of convicts, which are provided for by the rules of Nelson Mandela, as a positive experience in fixing goals, a separate legal institution. A position is expressed regarding the need to consolidate the goals of individual institutions, intermediate goals and the importance of determining, exact criteria, assessing the attainability of the stated goals. This work is carried out in order to establish the existing problems associated with the lack of specific indicators of the activity of correctional institutions, the implementation of which should help achieve the goals of the criminal-executive legislation of the Russian Federation.

Legal and clinical aspects of emergency burns

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-211
Author(s):  
V. A. Sokolov ◽  
I. F. Shpakov ◽  
Ya. L. Butrin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Emergency Rescue ◽  
Medical Evacuation ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Key Questions

The key questions concerning particular sections of the topic Burns in Emergencies are presented. Particular attention is paid to the presentation of terminology. For this, the wording of the Federal Laws, Government Resolutions and Orders of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation were used. In accordance with the latter, the classification of emergency situations is given, as well as the criteria by which their damage is assessed. It has been established that the involvement of the forces and means of the Ministry of Defense in the elimination of the consequences of emergency situations is spelled out in the Federal Law. In addition, an argument is made on what basis the citizens of the Russian Federation are obliged to constantly improve their knowledge and practical skills in studying numerous issues of protecting the population, providing assistance to victims, in carrying out emergency rescue operations, etc. situations that led to massive burns. Key features of burns as injuries sustained in emergency situations are formulated. Also, aggravating circumstances are listed that negatively affect the general condition of the victims. The role and place of clinical guidelines as a fundamental development governing the sequence of the organization and content of medical care for those burned at the stages of medical evacuation are indicated. Attention is drawn to the legal significance of the problem.

scholarly journals Analysis of requirements for modern finishing materials in interior solutions for inpatient facility ward units

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Alevtina Balakina ◽  
Yury Lempl
Keyword(s):  
Practical Experience ◽  
Interior Decoration ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Inpatient Facility ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Capital Construction

This article is devoted to the detailed analysis of modern requirements for finishing materials, used in the interiors of inpatient facility ward units. The authors have studied a number of regulatory normative documents acting in the territory of the Russian Federation and analyzed the practical experience of interior decoration of ward units at the health care capital construction facilities. The authors highlight and describe the main requirements for the finishing materials for the inpatient facility ward units and point out the peculiarities of solutions in the interiors. A classification of modern finishing materials (with an indication of their technical characteristics) used in the decoration of interiors of long-term care units is made on the basis of the practical experience studied by the authors taking into account the functional purpose of the premises as well as the variants of visual design of interiors of inpatient facility ward units.

scholarly journals Constitutional-Legal and Administrative-Legal Bases of the Status of Migrants

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-267
Author(s):  
S. Popova ◽  
Yu. Chernov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Status ◽  
Internal Migrants ◽  
The Russian Federation

The study of the constitutional and legal basis of the status of migrants will allow to determine and summarize the rights and obligations of these persons, which significantly affect the formation of legal social order. This article discusses the constitutional, legal and administrative basis of the status of migrants, regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Considering the issue of the current state of the migration legislation of the Russian Federation, the theoretical aspect of migration as the mobilization of people to change their permanent residence is highlighted. The causes of this phenomenon and the classification of categories of migrants are determined. The definitions of external and internal migrants are differentiated, on the basis of which the constitutional norms of foreign persons who entered the territory of the Russian Federation are further studied. According to Federal laws, the basic rights and obligations of immigrants who entered the Russian Federation for different definitions of reasons and circumstances are distinguished. The article considers the administrative and legal basis of the status of migrants in the context of violation of the rule of law according to the norms of the Code of administrative violations. The Institute of citizenship is singled out as a status that directly affects the scope of individual rights and freedoms, which allows it to be singled out as a special status of a migrant. In conclusion, the above topic is summarized.

scholarly journals Problems of transporting heavy containers by road transport in Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Boris Sergeevich Petrov ◽  
Alexander Valentinovich Galin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Maximum Mass ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Axle Loads ◽  
Freight Vehicles

The article considers the problem of heavy cargo transporting as an integral part of functioning of industry in the country. The transportation of such types of cargo is regulated by the legislation related to the national transport infrastructure. There have been considered the ways of transporting heavy sea containers by road transport in the Russian Federation. Definitions of the divisible and indivisible cargo, the maximum mass of the road train have been given, the indicators of the maximum permissible mass of the vehicle and the axle load on the roads of Russia, approved by legislative acts of the Russian Federation, have been presented. The issues of the correct choice of freight vehicles and compliance with the rules for transportation of heavy cargo, in particular compliance with the permissible total weight and axle loads, have been considered. There has been proposed the method for calculating axle loads and the solution to the problem of redistributing axle loads by moving the seat of the towing vehicle, transporting a heavy sea container by train being used as the example. The obtained values make it possible to estimate the possibility of carrying heavy cargo without violating standards approved by the legislation of Russia

scholarly journals Methods of big data definition: Russian and foreign experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-157
Author(s):  
Kseniia Antipova
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Original Definition ◽  
Data Definition ◽  
The Russian Federation

This article explores the main approaches of Russian and foreign authors towards big data definition; reflects the classification of data, components of big data; and provides comparative characteristics to legal regulation of big data. The subject of this research is the legislation of the Russian Federation and legislation of the European Union that regulate the activity on collection, processing and use of big data, personal data and information; judicial and arbitration practice of the Russian Federation in the sphere of personal data; normative legal acts of the Russian Federation; governmental regulation of the Russian Federation and foreign countries in the area of processing, use and transmission of data; as well as legal doctrine in the field of research dedicated to the nature of big data. The relevance of this research is substantiated by the fact that there is yet no conceptual uniformity with regards to big data in the world; the essence and methods of regulating big data are not fully explored. The goal of this research is determine the legal qualification of the data that comprise big data. The task lies in giving definition to the term “big data”; demonstrate the approaches towards determination of legal nature of big data; conduct  classification of big data; outline the criteria for distinguishing data that comprise the concept of big data; formulate the model for optimal regulation of relations in the process of activity on collection, processing, and use of the data. The original definition of big data in the narrow and broad sense is provided. As a result, the author distinguishes the types of data, reflects the legal qualification of data depending on the category of data contained therein: industrial data, user data, and personal data. Attention is also turned to the contractual form of big data circulation.

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