Rural communes and Soviet farms on the eve and during the peasant rebellion of 1920–1921

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Vladimir B. Bezgin
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Active Participation ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
First Time ◽  
Collective Farms

We examine the state of communes and farms, the attitude of the rural population to their organization and activities, as well as the state of collective farms on the eve and during the Tambov rebellion of 1920–1921. The relevance of the topic is determined by the need for a scien-tific understanding of the problem of insurrection in the Civil War and its manifestation in the form of a peasant rebellion led by A.S. Antonov. The purpose of the study is to establish the fate of collective farms during the armed protest of the Tambov peasants. The work was carried out on the basis of a wide range of archival sources, some of which are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The analysis of the problem is carried out taking into account the achievements of modern historiography of the issue and the use of scientific tools of advanced methodological approaches. We apply the entire arsenal of methods of historical research based on the principles of historicism, objectivity and consistency. It is established that the armed raids of rebel detachments on agricultural communes, Soviet farms were due to the need of the partisans for food, horses, forage, and the active participation of the local population in them stemmed from their view of the land and property of collective farms as rightfully belonging to them.

scholarly journals Partisan Movement in Kuzbass during the Civil War of 1917-1919

2020 ◽  
pp. 423-438
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Uskov ◽  
A. E. Pyanov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The State ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Local Media ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

The article is devoted to the characterization and dynamics of the development of the partisan movement during the Civil War in the territory of modern Kemerovo Region in 1918-1919. The issues of the activity of individual partisan detachments in the territory of Kuzbass are considered. Attention is paid to the specifics of the partisan movement in this territory. Based on the analysis of archival data and local media materials, the military operations of partisan detachments are described. The question is raised of the partisan movement role in the victory of the Reds. The novelty of the study is in the fact that for the first time on the basis of processing a wide range of sources the state and dynamics of the partisan movement in Kuzbass during the years of the Civil War are presented. The features of the partisan movement in the region are demonstrated. The reasons for the entry of peasants into the ranks of partisans are revealed. The relevance of the study is due to its scientific and social significance. The first is determined by the fact that this kind of research, based on an analysis of a wide range of sources, is considered for the first time. The second is related to the need to rethink the features of the course of the civil war in the regions of the country and to attract the attention of scientists and society to the problems of a split in society during the crisis years.

Safety assessment of biological raw materials in the system of medicines quality assurance

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Yu. Olefir ◽  
E. Sakanyan ◽  
I. Osipova ◽  
V. Dobrynin ◽  
M. Smirnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
First Time ◽  
Medicines Quality

The entry of a wide range of biotechnological products into the pharmaceutical market calls for rein-forcement of the quality, efficacy and safety standards at the state level. The following general monographs have been elaborated for the first time to be included into the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, XIV edition: "Viral safety" and "Reduction of the risk of transmitting animal spongiform encephalopathy via medicinal products". These general monographs were elaborated taking into account the requirements of foreign pharmacopoeias and the WHO recommendations. The present paper summarises the key aspects of the monographs.

Recycling and Reuse in the Roman Economy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Roman Economy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
First Time ◽  
Site Types

The recycling and reuse of materials and objects were extensive in the past, but have rarely been embedded into models of the economy; even more rarely has any attempt been made to assess the scale of these practices. Recent developments, including the use of large datasets, computational modelling, and high-resolution analytical chemistry, are increasingly offering the means to reconstruct recycling and reuse, and even to approach the thorny matter of quantification. Growing scholarly interest in the topic has also led to an increasing recognition of these practices from those employing more traditional methodological approaches, which are sometimes coupled with innovative archaeological theory. Thanks to these efforts, it has been possible for the first time in this volume to draw together archaeological case studies on the recycling and reuse of a wide range of materials, from papyri and textiles, to amphorae, metals and glass, building materials and statuary. Recycling and reuse occur at a range of site types, and often in contexts which cross-cut material categories, or move from one object category to another. The volume focuses principally on the Roman Imperial and late antique world, over a broad geographical span ranging from Britain to North Africa and the East Mediterranean. Last, but not least, the volume is unique in focusing upon these activities as a part of the status quo, and not just as a response to crisis.

scholarly journals The problems of cultural protection sphere in the UkrSSR in the Kyiv periodicals’ representation (the 1970s)

2019 ◽  
pp. 207-231
Author(s):  
Hryhorii Rudy
Keyword(s):  
Active Participation ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Preservation Policy ◽  
Mainstream Press ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cultural Monuments ◽  
Empirical Material

The paper seeks for the first time to develop new avenues for the study of the monuments preservation of the Ukrainian SSR in the 1970s via a prism of the Kyiv newspapers. The article aims to research general trends and forms of development of the monument preservation policy in the Soviet Ukraine on the basis of a wide range of the Kyiv periodicals of the 1970s. A comprehensiveness and accuracy of coverage in the Kyiv periodicals of the development of the museum sphere in the Ukrainian SSR have been analyzed. The rediscovered publications allow us to conclude that active participation of the periodicals in the cultural protection movement as well as a pressure from the cultural protection activists contributed in an adoption in 1978 of the legislative acts (of the Soviet Ukraine and the USSR) «About protection and usage of monuments of history and culture». It shows that the Kyiv mainstream press of that period was presented as a rich event-actual phenomenon as well as an important factor in the protection and preservation of historical and cultural monuments in Ukraine. A juxtaposition of the content of different Kyiv newspapers makes possible to trace back paradoxes of development of the cultural protection sphere of that time, a struggle of views and positions of representatives of the Soviet authorities and devotees of monuments protection. Having researched the Kyiv periodicals’ corpora of the 1970s, we draw a conclusion that the periodicals of that time give historians a considerable empirical material for studying problems of the searching, scientific and mass work of the Kyiv museums in the Soviet Ukraine. Keywords: the UkrSSR, the Kyiv newspaper periodicals, periodical press, the cultural monument protection sphere, protection and preservation of monuments of history and culture, historical and archaeological researches.

scholarly journals ADVENTIST COMMUNITIES OF TRANSCARPATHIA MID-1950S – MID-1960S

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (30) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Anatoliі Tershak
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
The State ◽  
Seventh Day Adventist ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Nikita Khrushchev ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Government Interference ◽  
The Relationship

The article analyzes the operation of one of the movements of the late Protestantism, Seventh-day Adventist community in Transcarpathia, in terms of anti-religious policies of Nikita Khrushchev (1953–1964). Additionally, it clarifies the main aspects of the relationship between Adventist communities and the Soviet authorities. It shows that there were 10 registered communities and 8 unregistered groups in the study period in Transcarpathia. This research includes a wide range of sources from the state and church archives. Moreover, it contains a survey of believers of this denomination. Critical analysis of these sources in combination with modern research on the topic made it possible to reveal new aspects of the past of the Adventist community in Transcarpathia, to clarify statistics, to personalize the composition of church ministers as well as some of its members. With Khrushchev’s coming to power, the Adventist community in the region, like all denominations in the USSR, felt a significant deterioration in the religious situation. The negative attitude of some part of society and the authorities to such a policy influenced the suspension of its active phase and contributed to a certain facilitation and normalization of religious life, which was observed in the mid-1950s. Later Adventist communities experienced crises related to the liquidation of the All-Union Seventh-day Adventist Spiritual Center and the internal division of the community due to government interference in its activity. In the development of the Adventist community in Transcarpathia, it was possible to highlight some of its features, which allowed to save the community from significant power influences and destruction. These include the deep historical religiosity of the local population, their cultural and historical tradition as well as mentality. The combination of the above-mentioned factors forced the authorities to act quite cautiously in the area of religious restrictions. During that period the Transcarpathian Adventist community managed to overcome the negative occurrences and slowly develop, maintaining internal and doctrinal unity in balancing relations with the state.

scholarly journals “Party Work Lapses”: Crisis Phenomena in the RCP (B) Organizations in the Vyatka Gubernia in Late 1918 - the First Half of 1919: From Archival Materials

2019 ◽  
pp. 458-466
Author(s):  
Yuri N. Timkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Party Organizations ◽  
Eastern Front ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Party Work

The article draws on archival materials of the State Archive of the Kirov Region and those of the State Archive of Social and Political History of the Kirov Region to examine the development of uezd organizations of the ARCP (B) in the Vyatka gubernia in late 1918 and the first half of 1919. In late 1918 the Vyatka gubernia became the Civil War battleground. When Perm was taken, the White Guard began to threaten Vyatka. Meanwhile, the political situation in the gubernia was tense; peasants, townspeople, and workers had their grievances against the Bolshevik policies. The existing uezd organizations of the ARCP (B) were unprepared to work in the immediate battle area. Fearing for the fate of the Eastern front, the Central Committee of the party sent a commission to Vyatka headed by Stalin and Dzerzhinsky. It was to carry out a wide range of measures to reorganize party and Soviet work. The power was taken by the Military Revolutionary Committee. The novelty of the study is in the fact that archival materials are used to assess the circumstances of the ARCP (B) organizations. These circumstances can be defined as those of a permanent crisis; the party organizations were ill-adapted to the extraordinary conditions of the Civil War. The narrowing of the party’s social base caused, first of all, by food policies forced the gubernia committee to cleanse party organizations and staff them up with well trusted personnel. The author has introduced into scientific use some previously unknown facts. The analysis of archival material allows to conclude that party work lapsed because party organizations seemed ineffective in the days of the anti-Soviet uprisings of summer and autumn of 1918 and while the Civil War raged. Conflicts, squabbles, intra-party struggles became an everyday occurrence. Party organizations constantly faced infiltration of persons with opposing views who sought to avoid mobilization or improve their financial situation.

scholarly journals The valley of the fallen: a new El Escorial for Spain

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Queralt Solé
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
The State ◽  
First Century ◽  
Mass Grave ◽  
Franco Regime ◽  
Mass Graves ◽  
The Dead ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Location

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, Spain has experienced a cycle of exhumations of the mass graves of the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) and has rediscovered that the largest mass grave of the state is the monument that glorifies the Franco regime: the Valley of the Fallen. Building work in the Sierra de Guadarrama, near Madrid, was begun in 1940 and was not completed until 1958. This article analyses for the first time the regimes wish, from the start of the works, for the construction of the Valley of the Fallen to outdo the monument of El Escorial. At the same time the regime sought to create a new location to sanctify the dictatorship through the vast transfer to its crypts of the remains of the dead of the opposing sides of the war.

scholarly journals GREEN TOURISM - A CONTRIBUTING FACTOR TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GREEN ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
DAVID LOLUA ◽  
MANANA ALADASHVILI
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Green Tourism ◽  
Tourism Flows

The article discusses green tourism and notes that green tourism in the regions of Georgia is at an early stage of development, with the potential and desire of the local population as a major user of green services. The proposed system of indicators may be universal for express-evaluation of the state at the regional level. The existing system of green tourism has shown that the state has to change its approaches to the formation of green tourism products (lack of green certification, etc.). The study identified trends in the growth of domestic tourism flows that can be proposed as effective promotion of regional tourism. For the further successful development of green tourism, it is first and foremost necessary to educate the public on a clear understanding of the increase in the price of these tours. One must realize and be aware that the money he or she pays to achieve a high quality of tourism is to serve specific ecological measures, one must feel the result of their implementation. Directions for improving green tourism include management system, ecotourism transport support, infrastructure development and provision of a wide range of services to the population that do not harm the ecological condition of the area, enhances the general ecological culture of the population, introduces new technologies for resource consumption and for waste recycling.

scholarly journals Crescimento Demográfico no Estado da Bahia, 2000 A 2010:Uma Contribuição Estatístico-Cartográfica

GeoTextos ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara-Christine Nentwig Silva ◽  
Maina Pirajá Silva
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
First Time ◽  
Official Data

O trabalho analisa a diversidade recente (2000 a 2010) da população total do Estado da Bahia, das Microrregiões Geográficas, da população urbana, da população das cidades e da população rural segundo dados oficiais dos Censos Demográficos de 2000 e 2010. As análises demográficas foram espacializadas através da representação cartográfica que se baseia em classificação, priorizando as quebras naturais dos dados. O crescimento da população total do Estado de 7,27%, na última década (ou 0,70% a.a.), foi inferior ao da década anterior e inferior ao do Nordeste e do Brasil. A população urbana cresceu 15,16% (1,42% a.a.), a população das cidades, 14,59% (1,37% a.a.) e a população rural, -8,92% (-0,93% a.a.). As taxas são bastante diversificadas segundo as Microrregiões e os municípios. O crescimento das cidades médias foi superior, em seu conjunto, ao crescimento de Salvador e de sua Região Metropolitana, fato que ocorre pela primeira vez no Estado da Bahia, indicando uma importante redução da primazia da capital e da Região Metropolitana de Salvador. As mudanças em curso são de fundamental importância para orientar a formulação de políticas públicas mais eficientes e justas em toda a extensão do território baiano. Abstract POPULATION GROWTH IN THE STATE OF BAHIA, 2000 TO 2010: A STATISTICALCARTOGRAPHIC CONTRIBUTION The paper examines the recent diversity (2000 to 2010) of the total population of the State of Bahia, micro-regions, urban population, population of cities and the rural population. Official data from Brazilian Censuses of 2000 and 2010 were used. Demographic spatial analyses were produced through the cartographic representation based on natural breaks classification from data. The State’s total population growth of 7.27% in the last decade (or 0.70% p.a.), was lower than the previous decade and is lower than in the Northeast and in Brazil. The urban population grew 15.16% (1.42% p.a.), the population of cities, 14.59% (1.37% p.a.) and the rural population, -8.93% (-0.93% p.a.) The rates are quite diversified according to the micro-regions and municipalities. The average growth of cities was higher than the growth of Salvador and its metropolitan area. It is a fact which occurs for the first time in the State of Bahia and indicates an important reduction of the primacy of the capital and the metropolitan region of Salvador. Ongoing changes are of fundamental importance to guide the formulation of public policies more efficient and fair throughout the territory of Bahia.

scholarly journals British soldiers at Imandra station in 1919: a historical commentary on one photo

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4-2021) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
E. O. Sushko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
The State ◽  
British Army ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Historical Landscape ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Murmansk Region

The article contains an interpretation of one photo of the British interventionists, taken in 1919 at the Imandra station, from the State Archive of the Murmansk region. The historical commentary is based on the study of a wide range of sources. It includes a description of the British soldiers, their position in the hierarchy of the British army in 1919, the conditions of their stay on Murman, a description of their uniforms, as well as the building near which the photo was taken, which has survived to the present time. According to the author, the Imandra station is an integral part of the Khibiny historical landscape associated with the time of the Civil War and the intervention.

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