Legal discourse as a subject of study and teaching in the classroom in a foreign language specialty

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Ekaterina R. Novikova ◽  
Oleg G. Polyakov ◽  
Nadezhda V. Hausmann-Ushkova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Institutional Discourse ◽  
Discursive Analysis ◽  
System A ◽  
Current State ◽  
Study And Teaching ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Acceptable Method ◽  
The Difference

The current state of the problem of studying and teaching foreign language legal discourse is presented. Various points of view on discourse as an interdisciplinary phenomenon are analyzed. Legal discourse is considered as a kind of institutional discourse. Communication of participants in legal discourse is carried out on the basis of a certain number of rules that govern their role and normative behavior. In their actions, there is coordination inherent in this form of communication and allowing the participants in legal discourse to be perceived as components of a single whole – a larger institutional system. A brief description of the functions of legal discourse is given – prescriptive, informative, argumental, declarative, regulatory, interpretive, cumulative, presentation, strategic and code. Such properties of legal discourse as performativity and intertex-tuality are discussed, and its components are described. The difference between legal texts, in which the discourse of law is implemented, from texts of other specialties is shown. They are created in the legal language as a type of language for special purposes and have intra- and exter-nal-text specificity. Legal texts, in spite of their genre variety, have a predominantly standard for-mat. Such types of legal text as court decisions and regulations, powers of attorney and contracts, wills, etc., have a specific construction plan, are divided into parts in a certain way and are drawn up graphically. Discursive analysis is considered as the most acceptable method of studying and teaching a foreign language of law.

scholarly journals Legal discourse as a model of institutional discourse

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Institutional Discourse ◽  
Legal Text ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Legal Science ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article considers the problem of studying legal discourse as one of institutional ones. A model of institutional discourse is defined as well as its characteristic features. The article presents various approaches to interpretation of legal discourse, the author and the recipient as its immediate participants are described. Special attention is paid to differential features of the legal text due to the multivaluedness of semantics and extralingual factors which play an important part in reception of legal documents. Dominant features of legal discourse are singled out – texts of judicial documents and their language which includes the language of legislation and by-laws, the language of legal science and education and so on. Based on the analysis of coherent relations between legal texts, such types of coherence were represented: thematic, iconic, definitive, verification, inferential.

J. M. Keynes as the Last Economist of Mainstream and a Precursor of Theoretical and Methodological Pluralism

2008 ◽  
pp. 120-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Economic Science ◽  
Methodological Pluralism ◽  
Current State ◽  
Science In Russia ◽  
The Difference

The article shows the methodological ambiguity of Keynes’ ideas. The simplified treatment of his views on the part of his followers is criticized. The author shows the difference between Keynes’ methodological disputes with classics and his debate with mathematical economists and econometricians, in particular with J. Tinbergen. It is shown that methodological discussions of 1930-1940 are actual for the assessment of the current state of economic science in Russia.

Comparison of two air sampling methods to monitor operating room air quality and assessment of air quality in two operating rooms with different ventilation systems in the national hospital of Sri Lanka

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshokey Tshokey ◽  
Pranitha Somaratne ◽  
Suneth Agampodi
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Acceptable Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Laminar Air Flow

Air contamination in the operating room (OR) is an important contributor for surgical site infections. Air quality should be assessed during microbiological commissioning of new ORs and as required thereafter. Despite many modern methods of sampling air, developing countries mostly depended on conventional methods. This was studied in two ORs of the National Hospital of Sri Lanka (NHSL) with different ventilation system; a conventional ventilation (CV) and a laminar air flow (LAF). Both ORs were sampled simultaneously by two different methods, the settle plate and sampler when empty and during use for a defined time period. Laboratory work was done in the Medical Research Institute. The two methods of sampling showed moderate but highly significant correlation. The OR with CV was significantly more contaminated than LAF when empty as well as during use by both methods. Overall, the difference in contamination was more significant when sampled by the sampler. Differences in contamination in empty and in-use ORs were significant in both ORs, but significance is less in LAF rooms. The consistent and significant correlation between settle plate and sampler showed that the settle plate is an acceptable method. The LAF theatre showed less contamination while empty and during use as expected. Air contamination differences were more significant when sampled with sampler indicating that it is a more sensitive method. Both CV and LAF ORs of the NHSL did not meet the contamination standards for empty theatres but met the standards for in-use indicating that the theatre etiquette was acceptable.

scholarly journals Generational Differences in Support and Care of Individuals Diagnosed With Severe Mental Illness

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 94-94
Author(s):  
Deborah Finkel ◽  
Per Bulöw ◽  
Pia Bulöw ◽  
Monika Wilińska ◽  
Cristina Joy Torgé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
System A ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Age Range

Abstract As part of the process of de-institutionalizing the Swedish mental health care system, a reform was implemented in 1995 moving responsibility for social support for people with severe mental illness (SMI) from the county to social services in the municipalities. In many ways, older people with SMI were neglected in this changing landscape of psychiatric care. To investigate possible generational differences in support experiences, two nonoverlapping cohorts were created from surveys conducted every fifth year between 1996 and 2011 in one middle-sized municipality in the south of Sweden, aiming to detect the needs for social support. Cohort 1 includes everyone detected at the 1996 survey aged 65 and 79 years (N = 92). Cohort 2 includes individuals first detected at the 2011 survey who were aged 65 to 79 (N = 104). Results indicates significant differences between the two cohorts in diagnosis, reflecting changes over time in diagnostic tendencies. Cohort 1 was on average 10 years older than Cohort 2, even within the restricted age range. After correcting for age, there were no differences between the two cohorts in education, functioning (CAN and GAF), or marital status. Although Cohort 1 experienced more days of institutionalization than Cohort 2 (median = 424.5 days vs. 382 days), the difference was not statistically significant. Cohort 2 had significantly higher additional subsidies and disposable income, as well as significantly higher income from other sources after retirement. Results indicate the changing demands that older adults with SMI will place on care systems.

Medical personnel: state, training and movement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergej Makarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Federal District ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
The Public ◽  
System A ◽  
Current State ◽  
Regional Health Care ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Scientific Analysis

The monograph presents a scientific analysis of the medical personnel of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation on the example of the Irkutsk region. The analysis covers various aspects characterizing the current state and development of human resources in the public sector of the regional health care system. A comparative analysis of the training of doctors and paramedical workers is presented in relation to educational organizations that train doctors and paramedical workers on the scale of the Siberian Federal District. On the territory of the Irkutsk region the movement of medical personnel, their turnover, as well as educational and professional trajectories of medical personnel in the region are analyzed in depth. The data on the movement of medical personnel are supplemented by the results of a sociological study of its causes.

Actual Issues оf Bilingual Hungarian-Bulgarian Lexicography

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-129
Author(s):  
Lilyana Lesnichkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Academic English ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Selection Of

The article focuses on the presentation of the Hungarian-Bulgarian valence dictionary, which is currently in preparation, against the background of an extremely actual task – the creation of an academic English-Bulgarian dictionary, adequately reflecting the current state of vocabulary in both languages. The author substantiates the need for such a dictionary, given the lack of general and specialized Hungarian-Bulgarian dictionaries, based on the theoretical foundations and principles of modern lexicography. Outlined are the main features of the dictionary, the specificities and approaches in the work of its compilation. The selection of material and the methods of its presentation are in accordance with the practical needs of learners of Hungarian as a foreign language.

scholarly journals What kind of training is required to help language students use metaphor-based strategies to work out the meaning of new vocabulary?

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette Littlemore
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Group Training ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
Language Students ◽  
The Difference

A study is described, which compared the benefits of two different training approaches in the use of metaphor-based vocabulary guessing strategies for foreign language learners. A group-based, step-by-step approach was compared with a more autonomous approach. The findings suggest that the type of training received affects the students' ability to use these strategies, but not their tendency to use them. The students who participated in the autonomous approach were significantly more successful at using metaphor-based vocabulary guessing strategies than the students who had received the group training. The difference was particularly marked in terms of their successful use of interactive images.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Study into Trade-off Effects of Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency on Young Learners’ Oral Task Repetition

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Sample ◽  
Marije Michel
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Task Repetition ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
De Se ◽  
The Difference

Studying task repetition for adult and young foreign language learners of English (EFL) has received growing interest in recent literature within the task-based approach (Bygate, 2009; Hawkes, 2012; Mackey, Kanganas, & Oliver, 2007; Pinter, 2007b). Earlier work suggests that second language (L2) learners benefit from repeating the same or a slightly different task. Task repetition has been shown to enhance fluency and may also add to complexity or accuracy of production. However, few investigations have taken a closer look at the underlying relationships between the three dimensions of task performance: complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF). Using Skehan’s (2009) trade-off hypothesis as an explanatory framework, our study aims to fill this gap by investigating interactions among CAF measures. We report on the repeated performances on an oral spot- the-difference task by six 9-year-old EFL learners. Mirroring earlier work, our data reveal significant increases of fluency through task repetition. Correlational analyses show that initial performances that benefit in one dimension come at the expense of another; by the third performance, however, trade-off effects disappear. Further qualitative explanations support our interpretation that with growing task-familiarity students are able to focus their attention on all three CAF dimensions simultaneously.Au sein de la littérature relative à l’approche fondée sur les tâches, on évoque de plus en plus d’études portant sur la répétition des tâches pour l’enseignement de l’anglais langue étrangère aux jeunes et aux adultes (Bygate, 2009; Hawkes, 2012; Mackey, Kanganas, & Oliver, 2007; Pinter, 2007b). Des études antérieures semblent indiquer que les apprenants en L2 profitent de la répétition de la même tâche ou d’une tâche légèrement différente. Il a été démontré que la répétition des tâches améliore la fluidité et qu’elle pourrait augmenter la complexité ou la précision de la production. Toutefois, peu d’études se sont penchées davantage sur les relations sous-jacentes entre les trois dimensions de l’exécution des tâches : la complexité, la précision et la fluidité. S’appuyant sur l’hypothèse du compromis de Skehan (2009) comme cadre explicatif, notre étude vise à combler cette lacune en examinant les interactions entre les mesures de ces trois éléments. Nous faisons rapport du rendement de six jeunes âgés de 9 ans qui apprennent l’anglais comme langue étrangère alors qu’ils répètent une tâche impliquant l’identification de différences. Nos données reproduisent les résultats de travaux antérieurs en ce qu’elles révèlent une amélioration significative de la fluidité par la répétition de tâches. Des analyses corrélationnelles indiquent que l’amélioration d’une dimension lors des exécutions initiales se fait aux dépens d’une autre; cet effet de compromis disparait, toutefois, à la troisième exécution. Des explications quali- tatives supplémentaires viennent appuyer notre interprétation selon laquelle la familiarité croissante que ressentent les élèves avec une tâche leur permet de se concentrer sur les trois dimensions (complexité, précision et fluidité) à la fois.

scholarly journals КОНЦЕПТ-КАРТА ЯК ДІЄВИЙ ЗАСІБ НАВЧАННЯ ІНОЗЕМНОЇ МОВИ

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Nataliia Borysova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Concept Maps ◽  
Concept Map ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Conceptual Mapping ◽  
Approximate Description ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mind Maps

The article reveals the concept of conceptual mapping in the process of learning a foreign language. It is stated that a concept map is a diagram that shows the relationships between notions. Such maps are graphical tools for organizing and presenting knowledge. It is emphasized that the most useful form of a concept map for teaching and learning is one that is placed in a hierarchical organization, where more general and comprehensive notions are at the top of the map and more specific at the bottom. The difference between concert cards and mind maps is given. It is emphasized that despite a similarity of mind maps and concept maps, these two methods differ in many respects, in particular, concept maps are characterized by clear links between the described ideas and are more structured than mind maps, as a formally approximate description, which places ideas in some sequence and organizes them hierarchically by levels of importance.

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