scholarly journals Effect of visual searching task on the postural stability of children

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Carina L. Moreira ◽  
Leandro F. Oliveira ◽  
Matheus B. Brito ◽  
Sérgio T. Rodrigues ◽  
Paula F. Polastri
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Cognitive Demands ◽  
Free Viewing ◽  
Total Fixation ◽  
Visual Tasks ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND: The relationship between gaze behavior and postural stability under distinct cognitive loads is still unclear in children. AIM: This study focuses on eye movements' effect on the children's postural stability by varying the visual tasks' attentional/cognitive demands. METHOD: Twenty young adults (23.4 years-old, ± 2.1) and sixteen children (10.3 years-old, ± 0.4) stand in semi- tandem position on a force plate, wearing a head-mounted eye-tracking while performing three 40 second-trials in the following order: stationary gaze task; free-viewing task; and visual searching task. RESULTS: Children showed a higher number of fixations during the stationary gaze task (p<0.0001), but this number was lower during free-viewing (p<0.004) and visual searching tasks (p<0.0001) when compared to young adults. Total fixation duration was lower in children than in young adults (p<0.0001) and higher during stationary gaze task than free-viewing (p<0.0001) and visual searching tasks (p<0.0001) for both groups. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the performance of the visual searching task during the maintenance of a challenging stance may deteriorate children’s postural stability suggesting that the relationship between gaze behavior and postural control is not well developed around the age of 10 years.

scholarly journals Gaze Behavior in Basketball Free Throws Developed in Constant and Variable Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław H. Czyż ◽  
Martin Zvonař ◽  
Zbigniew Borysiuk ◽  
Jiří Nykodým ◽  
Piotr Oleśniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Total Fixation ◽  
Variable Practice ◽  
Constant Practice

There are a limited number of studies focusing on the mechanisms explaining why variable practice gives an advantage in a novel situation and constant practice in performance in trained conditions. We hypothesized that this may be due to the different gaze behavior that is developed under different conditions. Twenty participants, randomly assigned to two different groups, practiced basketball free throws for three consecutive days, performing 100 throws per day. The constant group (n = 10) practiced at a free throw distance (4.57 m) only. The variable practice group (n = 10) randomly performed 20 shots per five throw distances (3.35, 3.96, 4.57, 5.18, and 5.79 m) on each day, also accumulating 100 shots per day. We analyzed the total gaze fixation duration, a number of fixations, and the average fixation duration on a basketball rim in a pretest and posttest at the 4.57 m distance. We computed a linear mixed model with test (pretest–posttest), group (constant–variable), and test × group interaction in order to analyze the total fixation duration and number of fixations. The average fixation duration was analyzed with a repeated measure two-way ANOVA, with practice conditions as a between-participants factor and test type as a within-participants factor. We found that the total fixation duration increased significantly in the posttest, regardless of the practice conditions (p < 0.001, effect size = 0.504). The number of fixations also increased significantly in the posttest (p = 0.037, effect size = 0.246). The average fixation duration increased in both groups; however, insignificantly. We also did not find any significant differences between groups. Our results suggest that variable and constant practice conditions may lead to the development of similar gaze behavior.

scholarly journals How Users’ Gaze Behavior Is Related to Their Quality Evaluation of a Health Website Based on HONcode Principles?

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
Qin Qin ◽  
Qing Ke ◽  
Jia Tina Du ◽  
Yushan Xie
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Website Design ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Website Quality ◽  
Evaluation Approach ◽  
Total Fixation

AbstractWhile the health website is an easily accessible source for patients to use when seeking health information, the quality of online health information has been a critical issue that concerns all stakeholders in healthcare. The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between users’ evaluation of the health website quality and their gaze behavior on the web pages. Eye tracking and a self-report questionnaire based on the HONcode principles were used to address the objective. We found that (1) the evaluations of authority, privacy, financial disclosure, and advertising policy are positively correlated with the fixation count and total fixation duration toward corresponding page components, while the evaluations of complementarity and attribution are negatively correlated with the fixation count and total fixation duration to corresponding page components; and (2) the fixation count and total fixation duration toward health information sources are negatively related to the evaluation of health website quality, while the fixation count and total fixation duration to site owner are positively related to the quality evaluation. Users’ attention to page components is closely related to the evaluation of principles, and also has a certain impact on the overall quality evaluation of a health website. Based on the findings, our research may serve to improve the health website design and be a foundation to develop an automatic evaluation approach of the health website quality.

IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FOREFOOT WEDGES ON STANDING STABILITY IN YOUNG ADULTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 1850014
Author(s):  
Chu-Fen Chang ◽  
Hui-Ji Fan ◽  
Hung-Bin Chen ◽  
Houu-Wooi Lim ◽  
Hsiao-Yuan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Random Sequence ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Arch Support ◽  
Forward Falls

The aim of this study was to investigate the immediate effect of wearing the functional insoles with different slopes of forefoot wedges on postural stability in young adults during quiet stance. In this study, the functional insole was composed of a forefoot wedge and a medial arch support. Twelve healthy young adults (six males and six females) participated. Each subject wore sneakers with and without functional insole and stood as still as possible on a force plate with feet together, arms by side and head facing ahead for 60[Formula: see text]s, while eyes open and eyes closed, respectively. The functional insole was applied in the random sequence of no insole, wearing insole with a medial arch and a four-degree forefoot wedge, as well as wearing insole with a medial arch and an eight-degree forefoot wedge. The sway areas as well as the maximal excursions of the center of pressure (COP) in anterior–posterior (AP) and medial–lateral (ML) directions were used to evaluate the static postural stability. During stance with feet together and eyes closed, the sway area and maximal excursion of the COP in the AP direction were significantly decreased when wearing an eight-degree forefoot wedge functional insole. Since the reduced displacements of the COP indicated better postural control, it was suggested that the functional insole with an eight-degree forefoot wedge and a medial arch support might be beneficial to improve the postural stability in patients with impaired balance control, especially for whom having high risk of forward falls.

scholarly journals Postural Instability after Stepping on a Stair in Older Adults: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11885
Author(s):  
Hyokeun Lee ◽  
Kyungseok Byun
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Posterior Direction ◽  
Study Participants

This study aimed to examine how older adults (OA) control their postural stability after stepping on a stair in comparison to young adults (YA). Ten OA and 10 YA participated in this study. Participants ascended a single stair (15 cm high by 30 cm wide) which was secured atop one of the force plates. Ground reaction forces (GRFs) and center of pressure (COP) motion data were obtained from the force plate under the stair. After standing on the stair with both feet, GRFs and COP data for a 3 s duration were analyzed to assess postural variables, including time to stabilization (TTS), COP velocity (COPVEL), and COP sway area (COPSWAY). A significant difference in TTS in the anterior–posterior direction between OA and YA (p = 0.032) was observed, indicating that OA had difficulty stabilizing their body posture after the stair ascent compared to YA. For COP postural variables, no significant differences in COPVEL (p = 0.455) and COPSWAY (p = 0.176) were observed between OA and YA. Study findings indicate that older adults have less capacity to regain postural stability compared to young adults following a challenging dynamic movement.

The Relationship Between Narcissism and Personality Traits of the Five-Factor-Model in Adolescents and Young Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Allroggen ◽  
Peter Rehmann ◽  
Eva Schürch ◽  
Carolyn C. Morf ◽  
Michael Kölch
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Vulnerable Narcissism ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract.Narcissism is seen as a multidimensional construct that consists of two manifestations: grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. In order to define these two manifestations, their relationship to personality factors has increasingly become of interest. However, so far no studies have considered the relationship between different phenotypes of narcissism and personality factors in adolescents. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we examine a group of adolescents (n = 98; average age 16.77 years; 23.5 % female) with regard to the relationship between Big Five personality factors and pathological narcissism using self-report instruments. This group is compared to a group of young adults (n = 38; average age 19.69 years; 25.6 % female). Results: Grandiose narcissism is primarily related to low Agreeableness and Extraversion, vulnerable narcissism to Neuroticism. We do not find differences between adolescents and young adults concerning the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and personality traits. Discussion: Vulnerable and grandiose narcissism can be well differentiated in adolescents, and the pattern does not show substantial differences compared to young adults.

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

Does Ego-Resilience Impact Friendship Outcomes?

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth B. Lozano ◽  
Mahzad Hojjat ◽  
Judith Sims-Knight
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Ego Resilience ◽  
Maintenance Behaviors ◽  
Received Social Support ◽  
Trait Resilience ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The present study examined the relationship between resilience and positive outcomes in friendships of young adults. SEM and bootstrapping analyses were performed to test whether positive emotions mediate the relationship between ego-resilience and enhanced friendship outcomes. Findings revealed indirect effects for friendship closeness, maintenance behaviors, and received social support. Our findings demonstrate the importance of positive emotions and its connection with trait resilience in the realm of friendships.

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