Perbedaan daya antiglukan NaOCl 2,5% dan ekstrak kulit manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) 0,09% terhadap Enterococcus faecalis (Comparison of antiglucan activity between NaOCl 2.5% and mangosteen pericarp extract (Garcinia mangostana Linn) 0.09% against Enterococcus faecalis)

Background. Failure of endodontic treatment is commonly caused by the persistent microorganisms remaining in the root canal such as Enterococcus faecalis. Enterococcus faecalis can form a biofilm in tough environmental conditions within the root canals and caused biofilm-mediated infections which needs more complicated treatment due to the increasing of antimicrobial resistance. The biofilm formation initial and most important step is bacteria adherence to the solid surface that is mediated by glucan. NaOCl 2.5% is a commonly used root canal medicaments but can cause injury of periapical tissue. Mangosteen pericarp extract contains flavonoid, tannin, and xanthone have mechanism for inhibiting adherence of bacterial biofilm. Difference of antibacterial activity between NaOCl 2.5% and mangosteen pericarp extract 0.09% can be determined by experimental laboratory to determine the adherence of bacteria in each treatment. Purpose. The aim of this study was to assess the difference of antiglucan activity between NaOCl 2.5% and mangosteen pericarp extract 0.09% on Enterococcus faecalis. Method. This study was designed as an experimental laboratory study with post test only control group design using Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Mangosteen pericarp was extracted using maceration method. Adherence analysis was observed after 24 hours by examining the viable cells in suspension. These viable cells are measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer to compare the suspensions’ turbidity. Using the Independent T-Test, significantly less bacteria were found adhering to the mangosteen pericarp extract. Results. Absorbancy difference level by mangosteen pericarp extract 0.09% is significantly greater than the NaOCl 2.5% (p<0.05). Conclusion. Antiglucan activity that generated by mangosteen pericarp extract 0.09% is greater than NaOCl 2.5%

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Antibacterial potency of mangosteen pericarp extracts (Garcinia mangostana L.) against Fusobacterium nucleatum

Conservative Dentistry Journal ◽

10.20473/cdj.v10i2.2020.44-47 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

Nia Pramais Octaviani ◽

Latief Mooduto ◽

Achmad Sudirman

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Root Canal ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽

Control Group ◽

Garcinia Mangostana ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Canal Irrigation ◽

Root Canal Irrigation

Background: Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common bacterial in root canal with pulp necrosis and periradicular lesion. A way to eliminate these bacteria from root canal is by root canal irrigation. Root canal irrigation materials that are widely used nowadays has many shortcomings. The pericarp of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L) has antibacterial potency. Therefore mangosteen pericarp can be an alternative material which could inhibit and bactericidal function to Fusobacterium nucleatum. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial potency of mangosteen pericarp extract (Garcinia Mangostana L.) against Fusobacterium nucleatum. Methods: This study was laboratory experimental with pos-test only control group design. A microdilution method was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration by colony counting bacteriae in Tryptone Soya Agar (TSA) media with drop plate technique. Growth of bacterial colonies in TSA is calculated manually in colony forming unit (CFU/ml). Results: Bacterial colonies growth at concentration 0.78% was 90% less than positive control group and there were no bacterial colonies growth at concentration 0.975%. Conclusion: The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of mangosteen pericarp against Fusobacterium nucleatum was at 0,78% concentration and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was at 0.975% concentration.

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DAYA ANTI BAKTERI EKSTRAK KULIT NANAS (Ananas comosus) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Enterococcus faecalis ANTIBACTERIAL POTENCY OF PINEAPPLE PEEL EXTRACT (Ananas comosus) ON Enterococcus faecalis GROWTH

Conservative Dentistry Journal ◽

10.20473/cdj.v6i2.2016.61-65 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Rega Maurischa Arantika Putri ◽

Tamara Yuanita ◽

Mohammad Roelianto

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Positive Control ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Antibacterial Drugs ◽

Bacteria Growth ◽

Pineapple Peel ◽

Peel Extract

Background: Root canal infections is caused by the colonization of microorganisms. Microorganisms that commonly found in root canal failure is Enterococcus faecalis. These bacteria can be found in 80-90% of root canal infections. Currently, many plants are used as antibacterial drugs. Pineapple is one plant that can be used as antibacterial drugs. Pineapple peel has a variety of antibacterial chemical compounds, such as, bromelain, saponins, tannins and flavonoids that can inhibit the growth of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Aim: To obtain concentration of antibacterial from pineapple peel extract on Enterococcus faecalis growth. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory with Post Test Only control group design using Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 bacteria that were diluted based on Mc. Farland standard 1.5 x 108 CFU / ml with pineapple peel extract treatment concentration of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, 3.125%, 1.56%, 0, 78% and then planted in nutrient agar media surface evenly. Results: At concentration of 3.125% pineapple peel extract showed that the growth of colonies was less than 90% of positive control and concentration of 6.25% pineapple peel extract had no visible Enterococcus faecalis bacteria growth as much as 99.9%. Conclusion: The pineapple peel extract (Ananas comosus) have antibacterial power on the growth of Enterococcus faecalis bacterial colonies with Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 3.125% and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 6.25%.

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The influence of working length on the reduction of biofilm and planktonic bacteria in oval canals with reciprocating instrumentation

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i5.14765 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. e9810514765

Author(s):

Arieth Cristina Sacomani ◽

Fernanda Tessaro Cintra ◽

Adriana de Jesus Soares ◽

Marcos Frozoni

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Growth ◽

Root Canal ◽

Negative Control ◽

Bacterial Biofilm ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Canal Preparation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Planktonic Bacteria ◽

Working Length ◽

Significant Difference

To evaluate the influence of reciprocating single-file instrumentation with different working lengths (WL) on the reduction of planktonic bacteria and bacterial biofilm in Enterococcus faecalis-contaminated oval root canals. Methodology: Fifty-five human single-rooted canines were used. Fifty were inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days for biofilm formation. To confirm the formation of biofilm adhered to the root canal wall, 5 contaminated samples from positive control group were analyzed by SEM. Samples were assigned into 3 groups (n = 15) according to working length determined, G+1 root canal preparation 1 mm beyond the apical foramen, G0 root canal preparation at the major foramen, and G-1 root canal preparation 1 mm short of the major foramen. Five roots were not inoculated to serve as a negative control. Bacteriological samples were collected prior to preparation, initial collection (S1), and after reciprocating instrumentation (S2) by disaggregating biofilm to quantify the reduction of planktonic bacteria and intracanal biofilm at different WL. Bacterial quantitation was performed using colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU / mL) count. Statistical analysis was performed at the significance level of 0.05. Results: No bacterial growth was observed in the negative control. All positive controls demonstrated bacterial growth; S1 from all teeth were positive for bacteria with no significant difference. The post-hoc analysis showed G+1 promoting a significantly higher disinfection than G-1 (p<0,05) and G-1 similar disinfection to G0 (P=962). Conclusion: Instrumentation as close as possible to major foramen or beyond it improves decontamination in oval root canals with reciprocating instrumentation.

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DAYA ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK DAUN KEDONDONG BANGKOK (Spondias dulcis Forst.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Enterococcus faecalis Antibacterial Potency of Kedondong Bangkok Leaves Extract (Spondias dulcis Forst.) against Enterococcus faecalis Bacteria

Conservative Dentistry Journal ◽

10.20473/cdj.v6i2.2016.110-116 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 110

Author(s):

Singgih Harseno ◽

Latief Mooduto ◽

Eric Priyo Prasetyo

Keyword(s):

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Bacterial Growth ◽

Root Canal ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

Minimal Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Endodontic Infection ◽

Post Test

Background. The prevalence of endodontic infection after root canal treatment caused by the Enterococcus faecalis bacteria ranged between 24-77%. It is caused by resilience and virulence from Enterococcus faecalis. An alternative solution have to be done toward irrigation of root canal wall which is effective to kill bacteria. Kedondong Bangkok (Spondias dulcis Forst.) is one of the plants or natural substance potentially as an antibacteria. The antibacterial potencies of Kedondong Bangkok leaves extract (Spondias dulcis Forst.) against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria could be identified by determining Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Purpose. This study is aimed to prove antibacterial potencies by identifying Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of Kedondong Bangkok leaves extract (Spondias dulcis Forst.) against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Method. This study is an experimental laboratories through research design of The Post Test Only Control Group Design. Value of MIC and MBC were known by counting the growth of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria by treating the leaves extract of Kedondong Bangkok with concentration respectively 25%, 22,5%, 20%,17,5%, 15%, and 12,5% on nutrient agar media in CFU/ml. Result. In the concentration 12,5% there are 8.8% bacterial growth and in the concentration 15% there are no bacterial growth. Conclusion. Kedondong Bangkok leaf extract (Spondias dulcis Forst.) has an antibacterial potency against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. The MIC shows in concentration of 12,5% and the MBC shows in concentration of 15%.

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Comparison of Antibacterial Effects of Photodynamic Therapy, Modified Triple Antibiotic Paste and Calcium Hydroxide on Root Canals Infected With Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study

Journal of lasers in medical sciences ◽

10.15171/jlms.2019.s5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. S23-S29 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohammad Asnaashari ◽

Mohammad Jafar Eghbal ◽

Amirali Sahba Yaghmayi ◽

Mehdi Shokri ◽

Saranaz Azari-Marhabi

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Canals ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Triple Antibiotic Paste ◽

Working Length

Introduction: A pivotal issue to achieve success in the treatment of the root canal is root canal disinfection. One of the most important bacteria that infect the root canal is Enterococcus faecalis. This study seeks to examine the effectiveness of 3 methods for disinfecting the root canal: photodynamic therapy, modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP), and calcium hydroxide. Methods: Sixty-two single-rooted extracted anterior teeth were collected. After cleaning and disinfecting the teeth, their crowns were cut at the CEJ point. The root canals were shaped to the working length up to file F3 ProTaper (F1, F2, F3). EDTA 17% and sodium hypochlorite 2.5% were used for 5 minutes to wash and remove the smear layer, and then the apical foramen was sealed using composite. After that, the teeth were sterilized in an autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes. Then 10 samples were taken randomly as the negative control. The remaining samples were immersed and cultivated in a suspension containing E. faecalis for 21 days. Then the samples were divided into 5 groups: 2 positive control groups, 1 group treated with the antibiotic paste with the concentration of 1 mg/mL, 1 group treated with calcium hydroxide, and 1 group treated with photodynamic therapy. Then, to collect the biofilm, the ProTaper file F4 was used. After that, the microbial suspension was provided and counting the colonies was carried out to compare the groups. Results: The findings indicated that the amount of CFU/mg of MTAP samples, including clindamycin, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin in the concentration of 1 mg/mL and photodynamic therapy and calcium hydroxide was lower than that in the control group. Antibiotic paste cleansed the root canal up to 99.9%. Photodynamic therapy reduced the amount of CFU/mg to 98.8%, and calcium hydroxide reduced the amount of CFU/mg to 94.13%. Conclusion: Using photodynamic therapy causes a reduction in the biofilm and inhibits the growth of the E. faecalis bacterium. In addition, in this study, MTAP with a concentration of 1 mg/mL was used, which expunged the bacteria completely. Meanwhile, calcium hydroxide had the weakest effect of all on the E. faecalis bacterium.

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Daya Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi linn) terhadap Bakteri Enterococcus faecalis (Antibacterial Activity of Averrhoa bilimbi linn Leaf Extract against Enterococcus Faecalis)

Conservative Dentistry Journal ◽

10.20473/cdj.v6i2.2016.93-98 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Ranggi Hardian Nugro Astuti ◽

Karlina Samadi ◽

Eric Priyo Prasetyo

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Brain Heart Infusion ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Canal Irrigation ◽

Root Canal Irrigation

Background. The prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis bacterial infection caused the failure of root canal treatment between 24%-77%. This is due to various factors resistance and virulence of Enterococcus faecalis. This research to find alternative materials that have antibacterial properties and by utilizing natural ingredients that can later be used as a root canal irrigation. Antibacterial activity of the Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract against Enterococcus faecalis bacteria can be determined by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Purpose. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract that has antibacterial activity against bacteria Enterococcus faecalis. Method. This research is a labolatory experimental with post test only control group design which use diluted Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 according Mc. Farland standard 1,5 x 108 CFU/ml. With treatment Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract on concentration 50%, 45%, 40%, 35%, 30%, and 25% given to each of 0,05 ml Enterococcus faecalis and using Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHIB) as planting media. Result. At the concentration 30% of Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract, showed that colony’s growth less than 10%. At the concentration 35% was not revealed any bacterial growth. Conclusion. The Averrhoa bilimbi linn leaf extract has antibacterial effect on bacteria Enterococcus faecalis. The MIC was at 30% and MBC was at 35%.

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UJI EFEKTIFITAS ANTIBAKTERI MINYAK ATSIRI SEREH DAPUR SEBAGAI BAHAN MEDIKAMEN SALURAN AKAR TERHADAP BAKTERI ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS

e-GIGI ◽

10.35790/eg.3.2.2015.9835 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mario S. Howarto ◽

Pemsi M. Wowor ◽

Christy N. Mintjelungan

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Agar Plate ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Group Design ◽

Post Test ◽

Lemongrass Essential Oil

Abstract: Endodontics is the a type of treatment that aims to keep the teeth in function. Disinfection of the root canal is very important in endodontic treatment. Root canal disinfection can be done by giving the material a root canal medication. One of the bacteria that causes the failure of root canal treatment is the bacterium Enterococcus faecalis. The lemongrass essential oil contains geranial, neral, and mirsen which have antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative. This study aimed to determine whether the lemongrass essential oil was effective against bacteria Enterococcus faecalis. This was an experimental study using post test only control group design with agar plate diffusion method. Samples consisted of a group of lemongrass essential oil with several concentrations: 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, each consisted of 4 samples. The 16 control groups consisted of positive and negative groups. Diameter of inhibition was determined by the ability to inhibit Enterococcus faecalis cultured on MHA agar. The results showed that the average inhibitory diameter of 25% lemongrass essential oil was 2.60 mm; of 50% was 4.73 mm; of 75% was 4.50 mm; and of 100% was 5.34 mm. Conclusion: Lemongrass essential oil showed an antibacterial effect to inhibit the growth of bacteria Enterococcus faecalis.Keywords: enterococcus faecalis, lemongrass oil, antibacerialAbstrak: Endodontik merupakan salah satu jenis perawatan yang bertujuan mempertahankan gigi agar tetap dapat berfungsi. Disinfeksi saluran akar sangat penting dalam perawatan endodontik. Disinfeksi saluran akar dapat dilakukan dengan memberi bahan medikamen saluran akar. Salah satu bakteri yang menyebabkan kegagalan perawatan saluran akar ialah bakteri Enterococcus faecalis. Minyak atsiri sereh dapur mengandung geranial, neral dan mirsen yang memiliki aktifitas antimikrobapada gram positif dan gram negatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah minyak atsiri sereh dapur memiliki efek terhadap bakteri Enterococcus faecalis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan desain post test only control group design dan metode difusi lempeng agar. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari kelompok minyak atsiri sereh dapur dengan konsentrasi 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100% yang masing-masing terdiri dari 4 sampel; 16 kelompok kontrol terdiri atas kelompok positif dan negatif. Diameter hambat ditentukan berdasarkan kemampuan menghambat Enterococcus faecalis yang dibiakkan pada media agar MHA. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan rata-rata diameter hambat minyak atsiri sereh dapur dengan konsentrasi 25% sebesar 2,60 mm, 50% sebesar 4,73 mm, 75% sebesar 4,50 mm, dan 100% sebesar 5,34 mm. Simpulan: Minyak atsiri sereh dapur memiliki efek antibakteri untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Enterococcus faecalis.Kata kunci: enterococcus faecalis, sereh dapur, antibakteri

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Perbedaan Daya Antibakteri Antara Kombinasi Calcium Hydroxide-Based Sealer-Amoxicillin Dan Resin-Based Sealer-Amoxicillin Terhadap Bakteri Enterococcus Faecalis

Conservative Dentistry Journal ◽

10.20473/cdj.v8i1.2018.1-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Asarizka Bena ◽

Agus Subiwahjudi ◽

Setyabudi Setyabudi

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Root Canal Obturation ◽

Agar Diffusion Test

Background. About 24-77% of root canal treatment failure cases are caused by infection of Enterococcus faecalis due to the resistance factor and virulence of these bacteria. Calcium hydroxide-based sealer and resin-based sealer are two types of sealer often used for root canal obturation due to their antibacterial properties. But the antibacterial properties owned by calcium hydroxide-based sealer has no effect on Enterococcus faecalis. Therefore, the adjunct of local antimicrobial such as amoxicillin is needed to increase antibacterial activities of root canal obturation materials (sealers) especially for calcium hydroxide-based sealer. Purpose. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of antibacterial activity of calcium hydroxide-based sealer-amoxicillin and resin-based sealer-amoxicillin against Enterococcus faecalis. Methods. This study is an experimental laboratory with post test only control group design using Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Agar diffusion test was used to check the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide-based sealer-amoxicillin and resin-based sealer-amoxicillin. by measuring the inhibition zone diameter of each treatment. Results. Resin-based sealer-amoxicillin’s diameter of zone inhibition is 37,3 mm and calcium hydroxide-based sealer-amoxicillin’s diameter is 18,7 mm. Conclusion. Antibacterial activity of resin-based sealer-amoxicillin is significantly greater than calcium hydroxide-based sealer-amoxicillin.

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Effect of Antibacterial Root Canal Sealer on Persistent Apical Periodontitis

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10060741 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 741

Author(s):

Zheng Wang ◽

Ge Yang ◽

Biao Ren ◽

Yuan Gao ◽

Xian Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Therapeutic Effect ◽

Root Canal ◽

Apical Periodontitis ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Canal Sealer ◽

Root Canal Filling ◽

First Time ◽

Cone Beam Computer Tomography ◽

Better Than

The infection of Enterococcus faecalis and its interacting microorganisms in the root canal could cause persistent apical periodontitis (AP). Antibacterial root canal sealer has favorable prospects to inhibit biofilms. The purpose of this study was to investigated the antibacterial effect of root canal sealer containing dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) on persistent AP in beagle dogs for the first time. Persistent AP was established by a two-step infection with Enterococcus faecalis and multi-bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Actinomycesnaeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii). Root canal sealer containing DMADDM (0%, 1.25%, 2.5%) was used to complete root canal filling. The volume of lesions and inflammatory grade in the apical area were evaluated by cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) and hematoxylin-eosin staining. Both Enterococcus-faecalis- and multi-bacteria-induced persistent AP caused severe apical destruction, and there were no significant differences in pathogenicity between them. DMADDM-modified sealer significantly reduced the volume of periapical lesion and inflammatory grade compared with the control group, among them, the therapeutic effect of the 2.5% group was better than the 1.25% group. In addition, E.faecalis-induced reinfection was more sensitive to the 2.5% group than multi-bacteria reinfection. This study shows that root canal sealer containing DMADDM had a remarkable therapeutic effect on persistent AP, especially on E. faecalis-induced reinfection.

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Bacteriophages to Control Multi-Drug Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Infection of Dental Root Canals

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9030517 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 517

Author(s):

Mohamed El-Telbany ◽

Gamal El-Didamony ◽

Ahmed Askora ◽

Eman Ariny ◽

Dalia Abdallah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Root Canal ◽

Phage Therapy ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Burst Size ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Range Analysis ◽

Root Canals

Phage therapy is an alternative treatment to antibiotics that can overcome multi-drug resistant bacteria. In this study, we aimed to isolate and characterize lytic bacteriophages targeted against Enterococcus faecalis isolated from root canal infections obtained from clinics at the Faculty of Dentistry, Ismalia, Egypt. Bacteriophage, vB_ZEFP, was isolated from concentrated wastewater collected from hospital sewage. Morphological and genomic analysis revealed that the phage belongs to the Podoviridae family with a linear double-stranded DNA genome, consisting of 18,454, with a G + C content of 32.8%. Host range analysis revealed the phage could infect 10 of 13 E. faecalis isolates exhibiting a range of antibiotic resistances recovered from infected root canals with efficiency of plating values above 0.5. One-step growth curves of this phage showed that it has a burst size of 110 PFU per infected cell, with a latent period of 10 min. The lytic activity of this phage against E. faecalis biofilms showed that the phage was able to control the growth of E. faecalis in vitro. Phage vB_ZEFP could also prevent ex-vivo E. faecalis root canal infection. These results suggest that phage vB_ZEFP has potential for application in phage therapy and specifically in the prevention of infection after root canal treatment.

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