The Association between The Degree of  Liver Cirrhosis Severity and Zinc Serum Level

Background: Impaired liver function in LC (Liver Cirrhosis) can cause Zinc deficiency (Zn). One of the causes of Zn deficiency in LC is decreased albumin synthesis, whereas albumin is required as the main Zn binding protein in plasma. However, some studies of the severity of LC with Zn serum levels still provide controversial results.Objective: To determine the association between the degree of LC severity and Zn serum level.Methods: The subjects of this study were LC patients in Gastroentero-Hepatology Unit and Internal medicine wards in of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya for three months. Diagnosis of LC was based on clinical examination according to Soehardjno-Soebandiri criteria and other findings (ultrasound or endoscopy). The degree of LC severity was determined based on the CTP score (Child-Turcotte-Pugh). Serum Zn concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. The research design used the cross-sectional method. The statistical test used was Spearman correlation.Results: Forty-three patients fulfilled the study criteria. The subjects consisted of 27 males (62.8%) and 16 females (37.2%) with the mean age of 53.81 ± 8.67 years. Based on the CTP scores, we obtained CTP A of 4 patients (9.3%), CTP B of 19 patients (44.2%) and CTP C of 20 patients (46.5%). The mean of Zn serum level in CTP A, CTP B, and CTP C score was 58.3 ± 19.6 μg/dl, 43.4 ± 14.5 μg/dl and 31.6 ± 10 μg/dl respectively. The result of the statistical test showed a significant correlation between LC severity and Zn serum level (p <0.05 and r = -0.583).Conclusion: The heavier the severity of LC, the lower Zn serum levels.

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Hubungan Kadar LDL dan HDL Serum Ibu Hamil Aterm dengan Berat Lahir Bayi

Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas ◽

10.25077/jka.v3i3.107 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Oktalia Sabrida ◽

Hariadi Hariadi ◽

Eny Yantri

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Serum Level ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Term Pregnancy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Consecutive Sampling ◽

The Mean ◽

Infant Birth

AbstrakAda anyak penelitian yang membuktikan transfer kolesterol dari ibu ke janin melalui lapisan trofoblas yang membawa partikel LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) dan HDL (High Density Lipoprotein). Pengambilan dan pemanfaatan LDL oleh plasenta merupakan mekanisme alternatif oleh janin untuk memperoleh asam lemak dan asam amino esensial. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar LDL dan HDL serum ibu hamil aterm dengan berat lahir bayi. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar LDL dan HDL serum terhadap 31 sampel ibu hamil aterm yang dipilih secara consecutive sampling, kemudiaan saat bayi dari sampel lahir dilakukan penimbangan berat lahir bayi dalam 1 jam setelah lahir dengan keadaan tanpa pakaian. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson dilanjutkan dengan uji regresi linier sederhana, nilai p<0.05 dianggap bermakna secara statistik. Rerata kadar LDL serum ibu hamil aterm 138,52±37,86 mg/dl dengan 7 sampel (22,60%) kadar LDL <101 mg/dl. Rerata kadar HDL serum ibu hamil aterm 53,32±17,39 mg/dl dengan 13 sampel (41,90%) kadar HDL <48 mg/dl. Rerata berat lahir bayi 3150,00±489,89 gram dengan 2 sampel (6,50%) memiliki bayi dengan berat<2500 gram. Terdapat hubungan positif antara kadar LDL serum ibu hamil aterm dengan berat lahir bayi, kekuatan hubungan lemah (r=0,258), secara statistik tidak bermakna (p=0,161). Terdapat hubungan positif antara kadar HDL serum ibu hamil aterm, kekuatan hubungan sangat lemah (r=0,035), secara statistik tidak bermakna (p=0,850). Kesimpulan penelitian tidak terdapat hubungan kadar LDL dan HDL serum ibu hamil dengan berat lahir bayi.Kata kunci: kadar LDL serum, kadar HDL serum, ibu hamil aterm, berat lahir bayiAbstractMany studies proved that the transferring of cholesterol from mother to fetus through the trophoblastic layer carried LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) and HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) particles. Uptake and usage of LDL by placenta to the fetus is an alternative mechanism to obtain fatty acids and essential amino acids. The objective of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between LDL and HDL serum level of pregnant women at term with infant birth weight. This study was an observational study with cross sectional design. Examination of LDL and HDL serum level to 31 term pregnancy sample choose by consecutive sampling, and then infant’s birth weight was counted within 1 hour after birth without clothes. The data analyzed with Pearson correlation statistical test followed by simple linier regression statistical test. The mean of LDL serum level term pregnancy was 138,52±37,86mg/dlwith7 samples(22.60%) in LDL levels<101 mg/dl. The mean of HDL serum level at term pregnancy was 53,32±17,39 mg/dlwith 13 samples (41,90%) in HDL levels<48 mg/dl. The mean of infant birth weight was 3150,00±489,89 grams with 2 samples (6,50%) had infants weighing < 2500 grams. There is a positive relationship between LDL serum levels term pregnancy with birth weight infants, the strength of the relationship is weak (r =0,258), were not significant statistically (p=0,161). There is a positive relationship between HDL serum levels at term pregnancy with birth weight infants, the strength ofthe relationshipis veryweak(r =0,035), were not significant statistically (p=0,850). In conclusion there was no correlation of serum levels of LDL and HDL at term pregnant with birth weight.

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Evaluation of the Relationship Between Celiac Disease and Refractory Epilepsy in Patients Referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital of Urmia

Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Journal ◽

10.32598/bcn.2021.3341.1 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Hanieh Mollazadeh ◽

◽

Surena Nazarbaghi ◽

Mohammad Reza Pashaei ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Celiac Disease ◽

Serum Level ◽

Refractory Epilepsy ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Statistical Population ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

Objective: Celiac disease can be associated with other diseases, including neurological disorders. In this study, the relationship between celiac disease and refractory epilepsy was evaluated in patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital of Urmia. Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients with refractory epilepsy referred to the neurology clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital of Urmia, during the second half of 2019 and controlled epilepsy were studied as a control group. The statistical population of the present study included 50 patients with refractory seizures and 50 patients with controlled seizures. The mean age of patients was 32.96 ± 11.35 years. Five ml blood samples were taken from the patients, and a serum anti-tTG test was performed using the ELISA kit. Then, in patients with positive anti-tTG, a duodenal biopsy sample was prepared using an endoscopy. Results: This study showed that the mean serum level of anti-tTG in patients with refractory epilepsy was higher than in patients with controlled epilepsy. Anti-tTG test results were positive in five of fifty patients with refractory epilepsy, and it was positive in two of fifty patients with controlled epilepsy. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of serum levels anti-tTG (p=0.14). Also, there was no significant relationship between serum level anti-tTG, age and genus (p>0.05). Biopsy results in three patients in the refractory epilepsy group and one patient in the controlled epilepsy group was in favor of a definitive diagnosis of the celiac disease. Patients in whom the celiac disease was confirmed by endoscopy had higher anti-tTG levels (p=0.006). Conclusion: There was no significant difference between the celiac disease in the group with refractory epilepsy and controlled epilepsy.

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Copper and Copper/Zn Ratio in a Series of Children with Chronic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13103578 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 3578

Author(s):

Marlene Fabiola Escobedo-Monge ◽

Enrique Barrado ◽

Joaquín Parodi-Román ◽

María Antonieta Escobedo-Monge ◽

María Carmen Torres-Hinojal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Diseases ◽

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Serum Copper ◽

Normal Serum ◽

Zn Deficiency ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inflammatory State ◽

Copper Zinc ◽

The Mean

Copper is an essential micronutrient for humans. A cross-sectional and comparative study was done to assess serum Cu levels and serum copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) ratio and its association with nutritional indicators in a series of children and adolescents with chronic diseases. Anthropometric, biochemical, dietary, body composition, and bone densitometry assessments were carried out. Serum Cu and Zn were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Seventy-eight patients (55% women) participated. The mean serum Cu in the entire series and by nutritional status through body mass index (BMI) was normal. Serum Cu decreased significantly with age and was meaningfully higher in children than in adolescents. The risk of finding altered Cu levels in children and men was higher than in adolescents and women, respectively. Twenty-two per cent of patients had abnormal serum copper levels, 13 had hypercupremia, and four had hypocupremia. The Cu/Zn ratio was greater than 1.00 for 87% of the patients, which is an indicator of an inflammatory state. All patients with hypozincemia and hypocupremia had deficient Zn intake, but only 65% of the patients with hypercupremia had dietary Zn deficiency. Consequently, the Cu/Zn ratio could indicate an inflammatory state and a high risk of zinc deficiency in this specific child population.

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Cystatin C Serum Level and the Severity of Preeclampsia

Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.32771/inajog.v4i3.434 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

Abraham Winarto ◽

Eddy Suparman ◽

John Wantania

Keyword(s):

Serum Level ◽

Serum Concentration ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cystatin C ◽

Statistical Test ◽

Severe Preeclampsia ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mild Preeclampsia ◽

The Mean ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Objective: Determining the cystatin C serum level among normotensive, mild preeclamptic, severe preeclamptic pregnant women and their relationship with the severity of preeclampsia. Method: The study was held using cross sectional design in Prof. Dr. RD Kandou Hospital in Manado and its network hospitals. We did on 51 samples at term pregnant women, consisting of 17 samples for each group in normotensive, mild preeclampsia, and severe preeclampsia. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0 software through ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis statistical test. Result: The mean cystatin C serum concentration in normotensive pregnant women, mild preeclampsia, and severe preeclampsia were 0.82 mg/l, 1.03 mg/l, and 1.32 mg/l; respectively. The ANOVA statistical test showed the significant association between cystatin C level and severity of preeclampsia (p

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Genetic polymorphisms of interleukin-6 influence the development of hepatitis B virus-related liver cirrhosis

10.21203/rs.2.522/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Caixia Xia ◽

Wei Zhu ◽

Chunhong Huang ◽

Guohua Lou ◽

Bingjue Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

B Virus ◽

Infected Liver

Abstract Background Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays an important role in chronic inflammation. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of IL-6 polymorphisms in predicting the progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) -related liver cirrhosis. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to analysis IL-6 polymorphisms and serum levels of IL-6 in HBV-infected patients of different clinical phases and in healthy controls. IL-6 polymorphisms were detected by Taqman PCR method and plasma IL-6 levels were assessed by ELISA. Results Our analysis included 182 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, 190 HBV-infected liver cirrhosis cases, 125 inactive HBsAg carriers, and 246 healthy controls. Seven SNPs in IL-6 including rs10499563, rs17147230, rs1800796, rs2069837, rs1524107, rs2066992, rs2069852 were analyzed. In haplotype analysis between HBV-infected liver cirrhosis cases with CHB patients, inactive HBV-carriers or healthy controls, haplotype CT in block 1 and haplotype GGCGG in block 2 were associated with liver cirrhosis (P<0.05). What’s more, the genotype or allele frequencies were significantly different in IL-6 rs10499563 and rs2069837 when HBV-infected liver cirrhosis patients compared with CHB patients, inactive HBV-carriers or healthy controls. A further study found that compared with the controls or CHB patients, plasma IL-6 was elevated in HBV-infected liver cirrhosis patients (P<0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, the polymorphisms of the IL-6 rs10499563 and rs2069837 are associated with the susceptibility of liver cirrhosis may through their effects on IL-6 expressions and these two single nucleotide polymorphisms can be used as potential predicting markers for prognosis of HBV-infected liver cirrhosis.

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Renal impairment after Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhotic population.

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.12.4329 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 2235-2240

Author(s):

Asif Javaid Wakani ◽

Riaz Hussain Awan ◽

Seema Nayab ◽

Khadim Hussain Awan ◽

Faqir Muhammad Awan

Keyword(s):

Liver Cirrhosis ◽

Renal Impairment ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis ◽

National Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Bacterial Peritonitis ◽

Serum Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽

Patient’S Information ◽

The Mean

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of renal impairment after spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhotic population. Study Design: The study was conducted as Descriptive Cross-Sectional. Setting: Liaquat National Hospital Karachi. Period: For six months (October 01, 2015 to March 31, 2016). Methodology: The subjects with liver cirrhosis spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) were evaluated for serum creatinine and serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) for evaluation of renal impairment while the patient’s information was recorded on proforma and analyzed in SPSS-15.0. Results: The mean ±SD of age, BUN and serum creatinine for whole population was 50.69±10.69 years, 22.4197±11.64742 and 1.2207±0.92535. Renal impairment was detected in 40 (27.2%) individuals while it is normal in 107 (72.8%) subjects. Conclusion: The renal impairment after SBP in cirrhotic population is higher in present study.

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Central and Peripheral Obesity on Severity Knee Osteoarthritis

MAGNA MEDICA: Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan ◽

10.26714/magnamed.1.3.2016.64-68 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Refangga Lova Nusantara Efendi ◽

Zulfachmi Wahab ◽

M. Riza Setiawan

Keyword(s):

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Statistical Test ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Mean Deviation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Linear Pattern ◽

Different Types ◽

The Mean

Background: Obesity can affect severity of knee osteoarthritis sufferers. Several studies have examined relationship between obesity and osteoarthritis, but no one has examined the different types of obesity on osteoarthritis, therefore, researchers wanted to know differences of central and peripheral obesity on severity osteoarthritis.Methods: A retrospective studi, with cross-sectional, simple random sampling method, conducted between 1 August 2014 and 30 September 2014 in Semarang City. Samples people > 50 years old. Data were analyzed by rank Spearman and Anova correlation.Results: In this study, 45.7% (n = 32) reported severe osteoarthritis. The results of the statistical test obtained p1 = 0,000 (reject Ho). The correlation coefficient (r) is 0.857 (strong), and the linear pattern is positive. The coefficient of determination (r2) is obtained (0.857) 2 = 0.73 = 73%. And 37.1% (N = 26) reported being obese. p2 = 0.043 (reject Ho). The mean deviation (MD) was 0.048 (not significant) between central obesity and peripheral obesity.Conclusion: Obesity affects severity of knee osteoarthritis. The greater body mass index, greater severity of knee osteoarthritis. 73% of severity of knee osteoarthritis is influenced by obesity, but there is no significant effect between central and peripheral obesity on the occurrence of knee osteoarthritis.

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Correlation between Osteoprotegerin Serum Level and Coronary Calcification Using Coronary Artery Calcium Score in Patient with Moderate–Severe Cardiovascular Risk Factor

International Journal of Angiology ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1607050 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (04) ◽

pp. 234-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Widorini Widorini ◽

J. Nugroho

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Serum Level ◽

Coronary Artery Calcium ◽

Coronary Artery Calcification ◽

Calcium Score ◽

Coronary Calcification ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

AbstractCoronary artery calcification is a part of atherosclerosis process associated with coronary heart disease. Recently, coronary artery calcification assessment using computed tomography (CT) is still the best noninvasive imaging with high sensitivity and specificity. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is one of vascular calcification marker that through its role to bind receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ ligand and inhibit osteoclastogenesis is suspected of playing a role for coronary calcification in atherosclerosis process. The objective of this study was to prove a positive correlation between OPG serum level and coronary calcification using coronary artery calcium (CAC) score in patient with moderate–severe cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. This is a cross-sectional study with purposive sampling technique. Thirty-three subjects participate in this research and each subject underwent a multislice computed tomography (MSCT) examination to assess coronary calcification and their blood samples were collected for OPG measurement. This study is analyzed with Spearman's correlation test. The mean of OPG serum level in this study was 5.89 ± 2.1 pmol/L for moderate-risk Framingham risk score (FRS) and the mean of OPG serum level for high-risk FRS was 7.27 ± 3.4. There was a positive, moderate, and significant correlation between OPG serum level and coronary calcification using CAC score in patient with moderate–severe CV risk factor (r = 0.694; p < 0.001).

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Relationship of Zinc and Magnesium Serum Levels with Postpartum Depression in Tabriz-Iran

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v8n11p120 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 120 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fatemeh Edalati-Fard ◽

Mojgan Mirghafourvand ◽

Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi ◽

Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Serum Level ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Depression Score ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Relationship Of

OBJECTIVE: According to the World Health Organization, depression will be the second prevalent problem after ischemic heart diseases by the year 2020. Postpartum depression (PPD) as a major depressive episode has devastating impacts on the health of mother, newborn, infant, and even the whole family. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of zinc and magnesium serum levels with PPD, as one of the commonly assumed causes of depression.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was done on 122 postpartum women aged 18 years and more in two educational hospitals and one non-educational hospital in Tabriz-Iran, 2015. The eligible women were selected using convenience sampling method. Then, the demographic characteristics questionnaire and Edinburgh Depression Scale were completed by participants, and 5cc of blood sample was drawn from each participant. For data analysis, logistic regression test was used.RESULTS: The mean score of depression scale was 8.0 (SD: 4.7), meaning that 18.9% of mothers were depressed. Results indicated a significant inverse correlation between Edinburgh depression score and magnesium serum level (p= 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant relationship between the zinc serum level and Edinburgh depression score (p=0.831), in so far as based on logistic regression analysis, increased magnesium serum level decreased the odds of depression [Odds ratio: 0.05; CI 95%: 0.01 to 0.29].CONCLUSIONS: In this study, there was a significant inverse relationship between magnesium serum level and Edinburgh depression score.

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Basal and TRH stimulated serum levels of TSH in patients with hyperprolactinaemia and in subjects on oestrogen treatment

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1020173 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 102 (2) ◽

pp. 173-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Eva M. Erfurth ◽

Pavo Hedner ◽

Anders Nilsson

Keyword(s):

Serum Level ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Plasma Prolactin ◽

Thyroid Antibodies ◽

Elevated Plasma ◽

Oestrogen Treatment ◽

Pituitary Dysfunction ◽

Basal Serum ◽

The Mean ◽

Serum Tsh

Abstract. In 21 hyperprolactinaemic patients without other signs of pituitary dysfunction the mean basal serum level of TSH was 4.4 ± 0.47 μU/ml that was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than controls (2.5 ± 0.16 μU/ml and oestrogen treated individuals (2.4 ± 0.29 μU/ml). The TSH increase was more pronounced (P < 0.05) in hyperprolactinaemic patients without sellar enlargement and with moderately elevated plasma prolactin levels (155 ± 42 μg/ml) than in patients with sellar enlargement and higher plasma prolactin levels (857 ± 306 μg/ml). The serum levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in the hyperprolactinaemic patients did not differ significantly from controls. Patients with thyroid antibodies were excluded. The increased basal serum level of TSH in hyperprolactinaemia is compatible with the concept of a reduced dopaminergic tonus as the mechanism for both changes. In patients with advanced hyperprolactinaemia and sellar enlargement the high prolactin level may induce some inhibition of TSH release and explain their lower basal serum level of TSH that was probably not due to pituitary compression as they responded normally to TRH. The TSH response to TRH was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated to the basal serum TSH in all groups. The regression lines were very similar for hyperprolactinaemic patients and controls suggesting that in hyperprolactinaemia the thyrotroph has not changed its mode of response to TRH. In contrast, oestrogen treated subjects in addition to dependence on basal serum TSH levels showed a genuinely augmented response to TRH (164.6 ± 20.3%, P < 0.01) compared to controls.

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