scholarly journals Low and Moderate Intensity Exercise Decreased Body Fat and Increased Free Fatty Acid in Overweight Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Rizky Sota Dyaksa ◽  
Paulus Liben ◽  
Edy Mintarto
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Before And After

Highlight:Aerobic exercise was reduced body fat and increased free fatty acids.LICT and MICT decreased body fat and increased free fatty acids. Abstract:Overweight is fat imbalances can affect the health. It is one of the problems in many countries, especially Indonesia recorded an increase case in 2007 (8.8%) to 2013 (13.5%). Overweight categorized by 25-30 kg/m2 body mass index in units (Organization  2018). Figures overweight can be pressed to provide some treatments, such as aerobics sports activities. This study aimed to determine the effect of Continuous Low Intensity Training (LICT) and Moderate Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) to decrease body fat content (FM) and increase in free fatty acids (FFA) in overweight women. 18 female subjects completed the study 4X/week exercise LICT or MICT for 5 weeks. LICT and MICT performed for 30 minutes with an additional 5 minutes warm-up and 5 minutes of cooling down with LICT intensity of 60%-70% and MICT 70%-80% of maximum HR where both types of exercise using ergo cycle while measurement FM and FFA were measured before and after practice. LICT occurred decreasing in body fat and increasing in free fatty acids that significant pre and post LICT (p < 0.05). MICT occurred decreasing in body fat and increasing in free fatty acids that significant pre and post MICT (p<0.05). In the second comparison group (LICT and MICT) were decline against body fat and an increased in free fatty acids between workouts Low-Intensity Continuous Training (LICT) greater tendency than Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) with delta FM (p = 0.120) and delta FFA (p=0.131) in which the value is >0.05. LICT and MICT was increase while body fat was decreased. The results of a comparison test occur list downward trend in body fat while in free fatty acids was increased.

scholarly journals Increasing skeletal muscle carnitine content in older individuals increases whole‐body fat oxidation during moderate‐intensity exercise

Aging Cell ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Chee ◽  
Chris E. Shannon ◽  
Aisling Burns ◽  
Anna L. Selby ◽  
Daniel Wilkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise

Early postnatal overnutrition impairs VO2max gains with moderate exercise and increase post-exercise muscle damage in adult male rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Douglas Lopes Almeida ◽  
Gabriel Sergio Fabricio ◽  
Laize Peron Tófolo ◽  
Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro ◽  
Camila Cristina Ianoni Matiusso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Adaptation To Exercise

Abstract Exercise counteracts obesity effects, but information on how early-life obesity may affect long-term adaptation to exercise is lacking. This study investigates the impact of early-life postnatal overfeeding (PO) on animals’ adaptation to exercise. Only male Wistar rats were used. On postnatal day (PN) 30, rats from control (NL-9 pups) or PO (SL-3 pups) litters were separated into four groups: NL-sedentary (NL-Se), NL-exercised (NL-Ex), SL-sedentary (SL-Se), and SL-exercised (SL-Ex). Exercised groups performed moderate-intensity exercise, running on a treadmill, from PN30 to PN90. Further experiments were carried out between PN90 and PN92. PO promoted obesity in SL versus NL rats (P < 0.05). Exercise reduced body weight (P < 0.001), body fat (P < 0.01), and improved glucose homeostasis in SL-Ex versus SL-Se. SL-Ex presented lower VO2max (P < 0.01) and higher post-exercise LDH (P < 0.05) compared to NL-Ex rats. Although moderate exercise counteracted obesity in SL rats, early-life overnutrition restricts fitness gains in adulthood, indicating that early obesity may impair animals’ adaptation to exercise.

The acute effects of differential dietary fatty acids on human skeletal muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase activity

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolette S. Bradley ◽  
George J. F. Heigenhauser ◽  
Brian D. Roy ◽  
Elizabeth M. Staples ◽  
J. Greig Inglis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is an important regulator of carbohydrate oxidation during exercise, and its activity can be downregulated by an increase in dietary fat. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute metabolic effects of differential dietary fatty acids on the activation of the PDH complex (PDHa activity) at rest and at the onset of moderate-intensity exercise. University-aged male subjects ( n = 7) underwent two fat-loading trials spaced at least 2 wk apart. Subjects consumed ∼300 g saturated (SFA) or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) fat over the course of 5 h. Following this, participants cycled at 65% of their maximum oxygen uptake for 15 min. Muscle biopsies were taken before and following fat loading and at 1 min exercise. Plasma free fatty acids increased from 0.15 ± 0.07 to 0.54 ± 0.19 mM over 5 h with SFA and from 0.11 ± 0.04 to 0.35 ± 0.13 mM with n-6 PUFA and were significantly lower throughout the n-6 PUFA trial. PDHa activity was unchanged following fat loading but increased at the onset of exercise in the SFA trial, from 1.18 ± 0.27 to 2.16 ± 0.37 mmol·min−1·kg wet wt−1. This effect was negated in the n-6 PUFA trial (1.04 ± 0.20 to 1.28 ± 0.36 mmol·min−1·kg wet wt−1). PDH kinase was unchanged in both trials, suggesting that the attenuation of PDHa activity with n-6 PUFA was a result of changes in the concentrations of intramitochondrial effectors, potentially intramitochondrial NADH or Ca2+. Our findings suggest that attenuated PDHa activity contributes to the preferential oxidation of n-6 PUFA during moderate-intensity exercise.

Substrate metabolism when subjects are fed carbohydrate during exercise

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (5) ◽  
pp. E828-E835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Horowitz ◽  
Ricardo Mora-Rodriguez ◽  
Lauri O. Byerley ◽  
Edward F. Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise

This study determined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion during exercise on the lipolytic rate, glucose disappearance from plasma (Rd Glc), and fat oxidation. Six moderately trained men cycled for 2 h on four separate occasions. During two trials, they were fed a high-glycemic carbohydrate meal during exercise at 30 min (0.8 g/kg), 60 min (0.4 g/kg), and 90 min (0.4 g/kg); once during low-intensity exercise [25% peak oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 peak)] and once during moderate-intensity exercise (68%V˙o 2 peak). During two additional trials, the subjects remained fasted (12–14 h) throughout exercise at each intensity. After 55 min of low-intensity exercise in fed subjects, hyperglycemia (30% increase) and a threefold elevation in plasma insulin concentration ( P < 0.05) were associated with a 22% suppression of lipolysis compared with when subjects were fasted (5.2 ± 0.5 vs. 6.7 ± 1.2 μmol ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1, P < 0.05), but fat oxidation was not different from fasted levels at this time. Fat oxidation when subjects were fed carbohydrate was not reduced below fasting levels until 80–90 min of exercise, and lipolysis was in excess of fat oxidation at this time. The reduction in fat oxidation corresponded in time with the increase in Rd Glc. During moderate-intensity exercise, the very small elevation in plasma insulin concentration (∼3 μU/ml; P < 0.05) during the second hour of exercise when subjects were fed vs. when they were fasted slightly attenuated lipolysis ( P < 0.05) but did not increase Rd Glc or suppress fat oxidation. These findings indicate that despite a suppression of lipolysis after carbohydrate ingestion during exercise, the lipolytic rate remained in excess and thus did not limit fat oxidation. Under these conditions, a reduction in fat oxidation was associated in time with an increase in glucose uptake.

scholarly journals Efek Latihan Intensitas Rendah dan Sedang Terhadap Lemak pada Overweight

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Rizky Sota Dyaksa
Keyword(s):  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Low Intensity

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Low Intensity Continuous Training (LICT) dan Moderate Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) terhadap penurunan kandungan lemak tubuh (FM) dan peningkatan asam lemak bebas (FFA) pada perempuan overweight. Metode, 18 subjek penelitian menyelesaikan 4x/minggu latihan LICT atau MICT selama 5 minggu. LICT dan MICT dilakukan selama 30 menit dengan tambahan waktu 5 menit pemanasan dan 5 menit pendinginan dengan intensitas LICT 60%-70% dan MICT 70%-80% dari HR maksimal dimana kedua jenis latihan tersebut menggunakan ergocycle sedangkan pengukuran FM dan FFA diukur sebelum dan sesudah latihan. Hasil. Pada kelompok LICT terjadi signifakan pada lemak tubuh dan asam lemak bebas dengan tingkat signifikan < 0,05 serta pada kelompok MICT juga mengalami signifikan pada lemak tubuh dan asam lemak bebas dengan tingkat signifikan < 0,05. Pada perbandingan kedua kelompok antara LICT dan MICT secara deskriptif mengalami peningkatan akan tetapi hasil dari analisis tidak ada perbedaan antara kedua kelompok dengan nilai ∆FM (p = 0.120) dan ∆FFA (p = 0.131) yang mana nilai tersebut > 0.05. Kesimpulan. Latihan ini bisa digunakan sebagai penekanan terjadinya overweight di Indonesia dengan pengaturan jadwal latihan lagi..  Kata kunci—Lemak; Asam Lemak bebas; intensitas; Overweight

scholarly journals KADAR KLORIDA SERUM PADA LATIHAN FISIK INTENSITAS SEDANG MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Johannes ◽  
Diana S. Purwanto ◽  
Stefana H. M. Kaligis
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
T Test ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Serum Chloride ◽  
Before And After

Abstract: Chloride as the major anion in the extracellular fluid plays a role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance. One of the factors that influence the levels of serum chloride is sweating during physical exercise. This study aimed to determine  the differenceof serum chloride levels before and after moderate intensity exercise in the students of Faculty of Medicine year 2010 Sam Ratulangi University. This is a pre-exsperimental research with pretest and posttest design with 30 students as samples. The samples were chosen using purposive sampling method and the results were analyzed using paired-sample t-test. The results showed the average levels of serum chloride before and after moderate intensity exercise are 106,10 mEq/L and 107,37 mEq/L while paired-sample t-test significance value (p) is 0,000. From the results can be concluded that there is a significant differences in serum chloride levels before and after moderate intensity exercise in the students of Faculty of Medicine year 2010 Sam Ratulangi University. Keyword: serum chloride, moderate intensity exercise, student of Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University   Abstrak: Klorida sebagai anion utama dalam cairan ekstraselular berperan dalammemelihara keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar klorida serum yaitu keluarnya keringat saat melakukan latihan fisik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar klorida serum sebelum dan sesudah latihan fisik intensitas sedang pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi angkatan 2010. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pre-eksperimental dengan pretest-posttest design, dengan jumlah sampel 30 orang. Sampel penelitian dipilih dengan purposive sampling dan dianalisis dengan uji t berpasangan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kadar klorida serum sebelum melakukan latihan fisik intensitas sedang adalah 106,10mEq/L, sedangkan rata-rata kadar klorida serum sesudah melakukan latihan fisik intensitas sedang adalah 107,37 mEq/L. Nilai signifikansi uji t berpasangan pada penelitian ini adalah p=0,000. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan kadar klorida serum sebelum dan sesudah latihan fisik intensitas sedang pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Angkatan 2010. Kata kunci: klorida serum, latihan fisik intensitas sedang, mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Comparison of High-Intensity Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Body Fat Percentage in Persons With Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Nivash Rugbeer ◽  
Demitri Constantinou ◽  
Georgia Torres
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
High Intensity Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intensity Training

Background: High-intensity training is comprised of sprint interval training (SIT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). This study compared high-intensity training with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body fat percentage for overweight or obese persons. Methods: A systematic search of randomized controlled trials using the health science databases occurred up to April, 2020. Twenty-six studies were included for complete analysis. A total of 784 participations were analyzed. The unstandardized mean difference for each outcome measurement was extracted from the studies and pooled with the random effects model. Results: MICT was significantly better at improving CRF compared with SIT (mean difference = −0.92; 95% confidence interval, −1.63 to −0.21; P = .01; I2 = 10%). Furthermore, there was no significant difference between MICT versus HIIT on CRF (mean difference = −0.52; 95% confidence interval, −1.18 to 0.13; P = .12; I2 = 23%). There was no significant difference in body fat percentage between MICT versus HIIT and MICT versus SIT. Conclusions: MICT was significantly better at improving CRF than SIT in overweight or obese persons.

scholarly journals Sprint Interval Running and Continuous Running Produce Training Specific Adaptations, Despite a Similar Improvement of Aerobic Endurance Capacity—A Randomized Trial of Healthy Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3865
Author(s):  
Sigbjørn Litleskare ◽  
Eystein Enoksen ◽  
Marit Sandvei ◽  
Line Støen ◽  
Trine Stensrud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Sprint Interval Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shuttle Run

The purpose of the present study was to investigate training-specific adaptations to eight weeks of moderate intensity continuous training (CT) and sprint interval training (SIT). Young healthy subjects (n = 25; 9 males and 16 females) performed either continuous training (30–60 min, 70–80% peak heart rate) or sprint interval training (5–10 near maximal 30 s sprints, 3 min recovery) three times per week for eight weeks. Maximal oxygen consumption, 20 m shuttle run test and 5·60 m sprint test were performed before and after the intervention. Furthermore, heart rate, oxygen pulse, respiratory exchange ratio, lactate and running economy were assessed at five submaximal intensities, before and after the training interventions. Maximal oxygen uptake increased after CT (before: 47.9 ± 1.5; after: 49.7 ± 1.5 mL·kg−1·min−1, p < 0.05) and SIT (before: 50.5 ± 1.6; after: 53.3 ± 1.5 mL·kg−1·min−1, p < 0.01), with no statistically significant differences between groups. Both groups increased 20 m shuttle run performance and 60 m sprint performance, but SIT performed better than CT at the 4th and 5th 60 m sprint after the intervention (p < 0.05). At submaximal intensities, CT, but not SIT, reduced heart rate (p < 0.05), whereas lactate decreased in both groups. In conclusion, both groups demonstrated similar improvements of several performance measures including VO2max, but sprint performance was better after SIT, and CT caused training-specific adaptations at submaximal intensities.

scholarly journals Hippocampal Blood Flow Is Increased After 20 min of Moderate-Intensity Exercise

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J Steventon ◽  
C Foster ◽  
H Furby ◽  
D Helme ◽  
R G Wise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract Long-term exercise interventions have been shown to be a potent trigger for both neurogenesis and vascular plasticity. However, little is known about the underlying temporal dynamics and specifically when exercise-induced vascular adaptations first occur, which is vital for therapeutic applications. In this study, we investigated whether a single session of moderate-intensity exercise was sufficient to induce changes in the cerebral vasculature. We employed arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging to measure global and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) before and after 20 min of cycling. The blood vessels’ ability to dilate, measured by cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to CO2 inhalation, was measured at baseline and 25-min postexercise. Our data showed that CBF was selectively increased by 10–12% in the hippocampus 15, 40, and 60 min after exercise cessation, whereas CVR to CO2 was unchanged in all regions. The absence of a corresponding change in hippocampal CVR suggests that the immediate and transient hippocampal adaptations observed after exercise are not driven by a mechanical vascular change and more likely represents an adaptive metabolic change, providing a framework for exploring the therapeutic potential of exercise-induced plasticity (neural, vascular, or both) in clinical and aged populations.

Heart rate response to exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness of young women at high familial risk for hypertension: effects of interval vs continuous training

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 824-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel G Ciolac ◽  
Edimar A Bocchi ◽  
Julia MD Greve ◽  
Guilherme V Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Response To Exercise

Exercise training is an effective intervention for treating and preventing hypertension, but its effects on heart rate (HR) response to exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) of non-hypertensive offspring of hypertensive parents (FH+) has not been studied. We compared the effects of three times per week equal-volume high-intensity aerobic interval (AIT) and continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME) on HR response to exercise and CRF of FH+. Forty-four young FH+ women (25.0 ± 4.4 years) randomized to control (CON; n = 12), AIT (80–90% of VO2MAX; n = 16), or CME (50–60% of VO2MAX; n = 16) performed a graded exercise test (GXT) before and after 16 weeks of follow-up to evaluate HR response to exercise and several parameters of CRF. Resting, maximal, and reserve HR did not change after the follow-up in all groups. HR recovery (difference between HRMAX and HR at 1 minute of GXT recovery phase) improved only after AIT (11.8 ± 4.9 vs. 20.6 ± 5.8 bpm, p < 0.01). Both exercise programmes were effective for improving CRF parameters, but AIT was more effective than CME for improving oxygen consumption at the respiratory compensation point (VO2RCP; 22.1% vs. 8.8%, p = 0.008) and maximal effort (VO2MAX; 15.8% vs. 8.0%, p = 0.036), as well as tolerance time (TT) to reach anaerobic threshold (TTAT; 62.0 vs. 37.7, p = 0.048), TTRCP (49.3 vs. 32.9, p = 0.032), and TTMAX (38.9 vs. 29.2, p = 0.042). Exercise intensity was an important factor in improving HR recovery and CRF of FH+women. These findings may have important implications for designing exercise-training programmes for the prevention of an inherited hypertensive disorder.

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