scholarly journals DETERMINAN STATUS PENGANGGURAN USIA MUDA PERKOTAAN DAN PEDESAAN DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2012-2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maulana Eka Putra
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Variable Ratio ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

ABSTRACT      In some countries, especially developing countries like Indonesia, the issue of unemployment is still the main problems for the growth and development of countries, especially unemployment a young age. In addition, the ratio of unemployed young age is dominated in urban areas than rural areas. The studies were conducted to analyze the factors that affect unemployed urban and rural areas in Indonesia in the years 2012-2016. The factor is the ratio of Male of Female, Dummy Area, Education, The Household, GDP, the level of Wages, Population, and inflation.      The samples used in this study is a secondary the publication by the central statistics agency (BPS) which is then analyzed using the method of Regresi Linier Panel Data with Random Effect Model (REM) of software Eviews 9.      This research result indicates that on the model unemployment in urban variable ratio of Male of Female has negative not significant, variable Dummy Area has positive significan,variable Education has positive significant, variable Household has negative not significant, variable GDP has positive significant, variable the level of Wages has negative significant, variables Population has positive not significantly, and variable inflation has negative not significant. As for the unemployed rural variable ratio of Male of Female has negative not significant, variable Dummy Area has positive significan,variable Education has positive not significant, variable Household has negative significant, variable GDP has positive not significant, variable the level of Wages has negative not significant, variables Population has positive not significantly, and variable inflation has negative not significant. Keywords : Unemployment of Young Age, Urban, Rural, Random Effect Model (REM).

scholarly journals Differences in factors associated with anemia in Haitian children from urban and rural areas

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0247975
Author(s):  
Ana M. Palacios ◽  
Jeanne H. Freeland-Graves ◽  
Sherlie Jean-Louis Dulience ◽  
Jacques Raymond Delnatus ◽  
Lora L. Iannotti
Keyword(s):  
Family Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

Background In Haiti, differences in the prevalence of anemia between urban and rural areas have been observed. Objective To identify moderating factors that may help explain the difference in the prevalence of anemia in children from poor urban vs. rural areas of Haiti. Methods This cross-sectional study used secondary data from urban and rural school-based trials that assessed the effectiveness of a nutrition intervention. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02747524. A total of 300 rural- and 981 urban- children between 2.5–13 years of age were included in this analysis. Effect modification in a binary logistic generalized linear mixed model was conducted using sample weights in SPSS® version 26. Models were adjusted for age and income. School cluster was included as random effect. Results In rural areas, stunting was more prevalent in children with anemia vs. no anemia, (16.6%, and 6.3%, P = 0.008), respectively. Also, rural children with anemia lived with fewer adults vs. rural children with no anemia, (x¯ = 2.83±1.29, and 3.30±1.54, P = 0.005), respectively. In poor urban areas, helminth morbidities were more frequent in children with anemia vs. no anemia, (21.9% vs. 13.9, P = 0.011), respectively. In the combined sample, stunting, [AOR = 2.05; 95%CI (1.32–3.18)], age [AOR = 0.89; 95%CI (0.85–0.93)], and households with more adults [AOR = 0.77; 95%CI (0.67–0.87)] were associated with anemia. Effect modification by place of residence was observed in households with more adults (t = 3.83, P<0.001). No other nutritional, dietary, sanitation or morbidity factors or effect modifiers were observed. Conclusions In this sample, factors associated with anemia differed in poor urban and rural children from Haiti including family structure and helminth morbidities. Stunting and lower age increased the odds of anemia in the combined sample. Family structure appears to have an important role in anemia, and further research understanding the influence of family structures in anemia is needed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of cataract and cataract surgery in urban and rural Chinese populations over 50 years old: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Yi-Fan Du ◽  
◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Wei-Ling Bai ◽  
Ru-Yue Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Operation Rate ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Screening And Prevention

AIM: To summarize the data of epidemiological studies on cataract prevalence over 50 years old in urban and rural areas of China from 2000 to 2020, and to analyze the prevalence of cataract and operation rate in China. METHODS: By searching PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Wanfang Data and CNKI, Chinese and English literatures on the prevalence of cataract in China were retrieved, and the relevant characteristic data were extracted. Then, Stata v15SE software was used for Meta-analysis and heterogeneity test. According to the results of heterogeneity, the corresponding effect models were selected to combine the extracted data. RESULTS: A total of 20 studies were included in this study, with a total of 111 434 cases. Meta-analysis showed heterogeneity. According to the random effect model, the overall prevalence of cataract in Chinese people over 50 years old was 27.45%, that in rural was 28.79%, and that in urban was 26.66%. The overall coverage rate of cataract surgery was 9.19%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of cataract is high in China, and there is still room for improvement in surgical coverage, so it is very important to promote cataract screening and prevention.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH PERDAGANGAN INTRA-REGIONAL DAN EKTRA-REGIONAL ASEAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI NEGARA-NEGARA ASEAN-5

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baida Soraya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Economy Growth ◽  
Effect Model

Economy growth is one of indicators of people prosperity in a country. ASEAN is a type of economic integration which aim to increase economic growth of member countries. Intra-regional and extra-regional trade is kind of trade agreement which aim to increase the trade rate and economic growth. However, the rate of  extra-regional trade in every ASEAN-5 countries is higher than intra-regional trade. The objective of this research is to analyze the factors which effect the economic growth of ASEAN-5 countries during 2007-2011. With random effect model in pooled data processing, the research result described that extra-regional trade of ASEAN, foreign direct investment, inflation, and the population described positive and significant effect to economic growth of every ASEAN-5 countries. Whereas, intra-regional trade of ASEAN effect positive and insignificant to the economic growth of ASEAN-5 countries.

THE EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON INCOME INEQUALITY AND POVERTY IN INDONESIA

INFO ARTHA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Alamanda Alamanda
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Impact

Income inequality and poverty have become key issues in development studies since the 1970s. Although theoretically there are various factors associated with the incidence of poverty and income inequality, choices regarding the types and structure of government expenditure are often quoted as one of the crucial determinants. However, the evidence is still inconclusive, and the research about these issues in the case of Indonesia is still minimum. This paper tries to contribute to the discussion by analysing a panel data set of 33 provinces from 2005 to 2017 to examine the effect of different types of government expenditure on income inequality and poverty in Indonesia. Using the fixed effect, random effect, and Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SURE) system, this paper finds that social aid, subsidy and grant expenditure have an insignificant effect on reducing income inequality and poverty in Indonesia. However, the empirical evidence suggests that infrastructure spending has a negative correlation with income inequality in urban areas (when using the random effect model), and rural areas (when using the fixed effect model). In addition, infrastructure expenditure is also negatively and significantly correlated with poverty in Indonesia, and the impact is more significant in rural than urban areas.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH PERDAGANGAN INTRA-REGIONAL DAN EKTRA-REGIONAL ASEAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI NEGARA-NEGARA ASEAN-5

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baida Soraya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Economy Growth ◽  
Effect Model

Economy growth is one of indicators of people prosperity in a country. ASEAN is a type of economic integration which aim to increase economic growth of member countries. Intra-regional and extra-regional trade is kind of trade agreement which aim to increase the trade rate and economic growth. However, the rate of  extra-regional trade in every ASEAN-5 countries is higher than intra-regional trade. The objective of this research is to analyze the factors which effect the economic growth of ASEAN-5 countries during 2007-2011. With random effect model in pooled data processing, the research result described that extra-regional trade of ASEAN, foreign direct investment, inflation, and the population described positive and significant effect to economic growth of every ASEAN-5 countries. Whereas, intra-regional trade of ASEAN effect positive and insignificant to the economic growth of ASEAN-5 countries.

Analisis Pengaruh Kepemilikan Blockholder, Kepemilikan Manajerial, Kepemilikan Institusional, dan Komite Audit terhadap Nilai Perusahaan

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-121
Author(s):  
Iwan Wirawardhana ◽  
Meco Sitardja
Keyword(s):  
Firm Value ◽  
Audit Committee ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Positive Effect

The aim of this study is to analyse the effect of Blockholder Ownership, Managerial Ownership,Institutional Ownership, and Audit Committee towards Firm Value. The background of this research isthe agency theory and ownership theory. The population in this study are 46 property companies listedon the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2012-2016. By using purposive samplingtechnique, 35 companies are qualified as data samples. This research uses the random effect model asthe estimation model and multiple regression as the method of analysis. The results of this study showsthat Institutional Ownership has a positive effect on Firm Value. Meanwhile, Blockholder Ownership,Managerial Ownership, and Audit Committee have no effect on Firm Value. Moreover, the F-testimplies that the variables, blockholder ownership, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, andaudit committee, simultaneously influence firm value.

scholarly journals Patterns of Alcohol Consumption in the PURE Poland Cohort Study and Their Relationship with Health Problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4185
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Zatońska ◽  
Piotr Psikus ◽  
Alicja Basiak-Rasała ◽  
Zuzanna Stępnicka ◽  
Maria Wołyniec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
High Level

(1) Background: Alcohol is a leading risk factor of premature morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to investigate the patterns of alcohol consumption in the PURE Poland cohort study baseline. (2) Methods: A Polish cohort was enrolled in the baseline study in 2007–2010. The study group consisted of 2021 adult participants of urban and rural areas from the Lower Silesia voivodeship in Poland (747 men and 1274 women). (3) Results: In the overall study population, 67.3% were current drinkers, 10.3% were former drinkers, and 22.4% were abstainers. Current use of alcohol products was more prevalent in men (77.2%), people living in urban areas (73.0%), and people with a higher level of education (78.0%). The percentage of current drinkers decreased with increasing age (from 73.4% in 30- to 44-year-olds to 48.8% in participants aged 64 and more). The majority of participants (89.2%) declared a low level of alcohol intake. The chance of high level of intake of alcohol was four times higher in men than in women (OR 4.17; CI 1.64–10.6). The majority of participants (54.6%) declared most frequent consumption of low-alcohol drinks (beer, wine) and 21% declared most frequent consumption of spirits. Current drinkers had almost 1.5-fold higher odds of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than never drinkers (OR 1.49, CI 1.03–2.17; OR 1.66, CI 1.27–2.18, respectively). Former drinkers had higher odds for hypertension and CVD than never drinkers (1.73, CI 1.05–2.85; OR 1.76, CI 1.22–2.53, respectively). (4) Conclusions: In our cohort study, we observed several socio-demographic factors differentiating the patterns of alcohol consumption. The preventive programs should focus predominantly on men, people aged <45 years, and those with a higher level of education.

scholarly journals Alteration of Postural Balance in Patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
David Núñez-Fuentes ◽  
Esteban Obrero-Gaitán ◽  
Noelia Zagalaz-Anula ◽  
Alfonso Javier Ibáñez-Vera ◽  
Alexander Achalandabaso-Ochoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Postural Balance ◽  
Fibromyalgia Syndrome ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Functional Balance ◽  
Sensory Organization ◽  
Effect Model

Balance problems are one of the most frequent symptoms in patients with Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS). However, the extent and nature of this balance disorder are not known. The objective of this work was to determine the best evidence for the alteration of postural balance in patients with FMS and analyze differences with healthy controls. To meet this objective, a systematic review with meta-analysis was performed. A bibliographical search was carried out in PubMed Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and SciELO. Observational studies that assessed postural balance in patients with FMS compared to healthy subjects in baseline conditions, were selected. In a random-effect model, the pooled effect was calculated with the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). Nineteen studies reporting data of 2347 participants (95% female) were included. FMS patients showed poor balance with a large effect on static (SMD = 1.578; 95% CI = 1.164, 1.992), dynamic (SMD = 0.946; 95% CI = 0.598, 1.294), functional balance (SMD = 1.138; 95% CI = 0.689, 1.588) and on balance confidence (SMD = 1.194; 95% CI = 0.914, 1.473). Analysis of the Sensory Organization Test showed large alteration of vestibular (SMD = 1.631; 95% CI = 0.467, 2.795) and visual scores (SMD = 1.317; 95% CI = 0.153, 2.481) compared to healthy controls. Patients with FMS showed worse scores for different measures of postural balance compared to healthy controls. Concretely, FMS patients appear to have poor vestibular and visual scores with a possible somatosensory dependence.

scholarly journals Designing a Bonus-Malus system reflecting the claim size under the dependent frequency–severity model

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Rosy Oh ◽  
Joseph H.T. Kim ◽  
Jae Youn Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
Risk Classification ◽  
Transition Rule ◽  
Auto Insurance ◽  
Dependent Frequency ◽  
Effect Model

In the auto insurance industry, a Bonus-Malus System (BMS) is commonly used as a posteriori risk classification mechanism to set the premium for the next contract period based on a policyholder's claim history. Even though the recent literature reports evidence of a significant dependence between frequency and severity, the current BMS practice is to use a frequency-based transition rule while ignoring severity information. Although Oh et al. [(2020). Bonus-Malus premiums under the dependent frequency-severity modeling. Scandinavian Actuarial Journal 2020(3): 172–195] claimed that the frequency-driven BMS transition rule can accommodate the dependence between frequency and severity, their proposal is only a partial solution, as the transition rule still completely ignores the claim severity and is unable to penalize large claims. In this study, we propose to use the BMS with a transition rule based on both frequency and size of claim, based on the bivariate random effect model, which conveniently allows dependence between frequency and severity. We analytically derive the optimal relativities under the proposed BMS framework and show that the proposed BMS outperforms the existing frequency-driven BMS. Later, numerical experiments are also provided using both hypothetical and actual datasets in order to assess the effect of various dependencies on the BMS risk classification and confirm our theoretical findings.

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