The OIE international standards, a harmonised framework used when formulating or modernising national legislation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Author(s):  
Андрій Матвійчук

Сформульовано визначення поняття «міжнародна неурядова організація» (МНУО) як організоване об'єднання представників громадськості різних країн, створене відповідно до національного законодавства для досягнення цілей і завдань розвитку громадянського суспільства й міжнародних відносин, що діє відповідно до загальновизнаних принципів Уставу ООН і норм міжнародного права на території двох і більше держав і володіє консультативним статусом. З’ясовано, що видовими ознаками, які містять у собі: цілі й завдання, характер діяльності, форму організації, наявність консультативного статусу тощо визначається відмінність міжнародної НУО від інших суб'єктів міжнародних відносин. Такі родові ознаки (як от: факт об'єднання людей, наявність постійних органів управління, Статуту тощо) є загальними для всього класу (роду) організацій. Обгрунтовано, що МНУО як учасник міжнародних відносин, є суб'єктом міжнародного права, однак їх правосуб'єктність має функціональний характер, тобто обмежений її консультативним статусом. Продемонстровано, що МНУО є неофіційною сполучною ланкою між національними урядами й міжнародним співтовариством, беруть активну участь у розробці міжнародних стандартів, методів, моделей і співвідносять їхню національну значимість з міжнародно-правовою. Зазначається, що у національному законодавстві України спостерігається тенденція оптимальної розробки питань, що стосуються правового статусу МНУО з огляду на міжнародні принципи й стандарти. Водночас, не можна йти шляхом повного їхнього копіювання, оскільки держава, ґрунтуючись на своєму суспільно-історичному досвіді, досвіді функціонування правової системи, на існуючих суспільних відносинах і своїх національних інтересах, сама має право визначати правовий статус МНУО. Пропонується у змінах до закону «Про неурядові організації» відобразити основну ідею, яка полягає в тому, що неурядові організації є ядром громадянського суспільства, найважливішим фактором розвитку демократичної держави й міжнародних відносин, засобом реалізації громадянами своїх прав і свобод. Matviichuk Andriy V. Activities of international nongovernmental organizations in the legislative and legal space of Ukraine The definition of the concept of "international non-governmental organization" (international NGO) as an organized association of representatives of the public of different countries, formulated in accordance with the national legislation for the achievement of the goals and objectives of the development of civil society and international relations acting in accordance with the generally recognized principles of the Charter of the United Nations and the norms of international law on the territory of two or more states and has consultative status. It was found out that the specific features that include: goals and objectives, the nature of activity, the form of organization, the presence of consultative status, etc., is determined by the distinction of the international NGO from other subjects of international relations. Such generic attributes (such as the fact of association of people, the presence of permanent bodies of government, the Statute, etc.) are common to the entire class (kind of) organizations. It is substantiated that international NGO as a participant in international relations is a subject of international law, but their legal personality is functional, that is, limited by its consultative status. It has been demonstrated that the international NGO is an informal link between national governments and the international community and is actively involved in the development of international standards, methods, models and their national relevance with international legal law. It is noted that in the national legislation of Ukraine there is a tendency for the optimal development of issues related to the legal status of the international NGO, taking into account international principles and standards. At the same time, it is impossible to go through the full copying of them, since the state, on the basis of its socio-historical experience, the experience of functioning of the legal system, in existing social relations and its national interests, has the right to determine the legal status of the Ministry of the Interior. The proposed amendments to the law "On Non-Governmental Organizations" reflect the basic idea that non-governmental organizations are the core of civil society, the most important factor in the development of a democratic state and international relations, as a means of citizens' realization of their rights and freedoms.


2019 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
T. O. Hubanova

The article analyzes the varieties of national education on the basis of the provisions of the legislation of Ukraine, taking into account the characteristics of the modern educational system of Ukraine. Attention is drawn to the fact that the establishment of the rule of law, implementation of international standards have led to the emergence of new educational institutions and innovativetrends in the education system, which requires appropriate theoretical substantiation and scientific research. The legislation of Ukraine establishes relatively new types of education that are subject to compulsory scientific characterization in order to understand their nature and content. It is noted that the legal and legal consolidation of three types of education at the legislative level: formal, nonformal, informal. The state recognizes these types of education, creates conditions for the development of educational entities that provide relevant educational services, and encourages the acquisition of education of all types. That is, it can be argued that the legislation establishes three independent, independent and distinctive types of education, which are equal but different in nature. It is proved that the isolation of these species, as well as their substantive content, is unconventional for the national legislation. Scientific positions concerning the concept, meaning, essence of information education are analyzed. It is noted that international and European regulations, as part of national legislation, have a significant influence on shaping the content of education in European countries. Within them, methodological guidelines for the formation of basic types of education are defined, the legal bases for providing such types of education are taken into account, taking into account socio-economic, political, technological changes for the spiritual and cultural development of society. The author’s definition of informal education is offered and a list of characteristic features is formulated.


2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 2705-2712
Author(s):  
Khamidov Bakhtiyor Khamidovich Et al.

This article critically examines the problems and gaps that arise in national legislation and law enforcement practice in the fight against cybercrime. Scientifically grounded ways and means of their overcoming are theoretically analyzed. In this regard, proposals and recommendations were developed for the development of private criminology methodologies for the development of the theory of forensic science. The article was prepared with the views of theorists and practitioners, as well as technical research which were based on scientific and practical research in the field of countering cybercrime. The study analyzes a number of proprietary forensic methods that serve to improve the effectiveness of investigative actions in the fight against cybercrime. National legislation, investigative and judicial practice, international prominent practices were studied, and their achievements and drawbacks were substantiated on the basis of the author's conclusions. Based on this, the most favorable directions for combating these crimes in Uzbekistan were selected. The article provides a systematic, legal, scientific and methodological analysis of problems in this area and the author's conclusions on this matter. At the same time, the role and importance of advanced foreign experience and international standards in improving national legislation and ensuring the implementation of the tasks set in the State Program are emphasized. In addition, the concepts of "electronic evidence" and "digital evidence" were scientifically analyzed. Their content and technical features are scientifically and theoretically substantiated.


2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 12005
Author(s):  
Irina Kvach

The article deals with conceptual questions of the role and place that international standards of advocacy take in the system of sources of advocacy in Russia. The author, relying on the decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of Russian Federation, points out the priority importance of international standards and rules in matters of legal regulation of legal proceedings. Considering a significant array of international documents adopted within the framework of international organizations, including the Council of Europe, the author singles out those containing international standards of advocacy. The study of Russian national legislation through the prism of international standards of advocacy makes it possible to conclude that, as a result of prolonged legal reforms, the main fundamental provisions of national legislation have been brought into line with the requirements of international standards, but work in this direction has not yet been over. As a result, the author points out the conceptual role of international treaties as sources of advocacy. The findings became the basis for further author’s research of international standards, as a legal basis for the regulation of advocacy to protect the rights and freedoms of indigenous peoples of the north in the development of oil and gas fields on their ancestral lands.


The article deals with the international standards of social security from the position of stipulation of social risks in them. On the basis of the state self-limitation theory, the author concludes that there exists a process of self-limitation in the field of social security. By ratification of international treaties establishing standards in the field of social security, a state limits itself. Thereby the state makes a commitment to support its citizens in prevention, overcoming, and compensation of social risks. It demands from the state to formalize the social risks in the national legislation. It is proved that formalization of social risks in national legislation is an inner aspect of the self-limitation process in the field of social security. Some social risks might be also stipulated in international documents, in particular, in the UN and the International Labour Organization instruments. Both internal and external aspects of the self-limitation process in the field of social security are in close interrelation. At the same time, implementation of certain international standards entails significant financial and organizational budget expenditures, therefore such standards can be implemented in part. From the author’s point of view, it is the internal aspect of self-limitation that serves as a guarantee from arbitrariness of a legislator in formalization of social risks.


Author(s):  
Tetiana Prystupenko

The relevence of the study of the issue related to the right to freedom of speech of domestic journalists in the context of international documents and national legislation of Ukraine in this area is caused by the necessity of applying international standards in the real activities of media representatives and development of effective state information policy in this direction. The objective of the research is to ascertain the current state as to protection of the right to freedom of speech of Ukrainian journalists, its interrelation with the program activities in this direction of influential international organizations, national legislation in the conditions of European choice of Ukraine. The study is based on the Concept of national strategy on human rights, the domestic legislative experience in protecting the right to freedom of speech of media representatives and its practical implementation, the global information activities of UN / UNESCO in this context. The situation concerning restriction of freedom of speech in Ukraine, the rights and freedoms of journalists and other democratic values takes place contrary to the norms and provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine, other legislative acts of the state as well as international documents ratified by Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-127

The article deals with specific issues of access to justice relating to the protection of environmental rights. The harmonization and approximation of national legislation with international standards is an essential factor in the development of environmental rights. Particular attention is paid to public participation in the consideration of environmental protection by administrative authorities and in judicial proceedings.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Nishtiman Othman Mohammed ◽  
Kameran Hussein Al-Salihi

Discrimination against female draws to a great degree upon the tradition and tribal mentality. The role given to women is to be subordinated to men and be in the service of men and the family. Boys and men are allowed to dominate women in aspects of social life. This stereotypical role assigned to women, based on traditions and tribal mentality, involves not only accepting violence to be administered against women but prescribes even violence.CEDAW’s goal is to achieve equality between men and women to eradicate violence clashes with the local stereotype. CEDAW’s tools to bring about the needed changes have been to demand state party to it to translate their textual commitment to legal codes and practices.  This paper examines the national legislation of Iraq and Kurdistan to point out the degree of subordination of local laws to CEDAWs Article 5. The findings of this paper are that Kurdistan has introduced important changes to the laws but in regard to child marriage it has not reached the international standards.


Author(s):  
Halyna Pryshliak ◽  

Numerous ideological dogmas and "propaganda struggles" over human rights, which took place for decades, did not make it possible to realistically comprehend and solve the problems of individual rights in Soviet society in full, according to a certain level of progress,say in the European Union. Such dogmas include the assertion that only socialism is able to fully guarantee human rights, that the main socio-economic rights for man and his freedom. Thus, freely or not, political and personal, spiritual and human rights, and even more so, environmental ones were underestimated. Unfortunately, this view reflected the actual practice in the former USSR and other former socialist countries. In the field of political, spiritual and personal rights and freedoms, there were quite a few forbidden topics, and environmental ones were not singled out at all. At the same time, competent jurists, both during the years of stagnation and during the so-called perestroika, consistently developed and defended the idea of human and civil rights. The article considers the problem of realization of human and civil rights and freedoms and guarantees of observance of international standards of ecological human rights in the national legislation. Emphasis is placed on the implementation of international norms in the field of human rights and freedoms in the practice of national legislation. It is proposed to supplement the current legislation with the right of citizens and their associations to control the bodies of state power and local self-government in the environmental sphere. It is concluded that problems with the realization of environmental rights and freedomsin Ukraine, unfortunately, exist. The level of theirimplementation islow, therefore, it can be stated that the level of efficiency is also low. In addition, it should be noted that citizens' awareness of the full range of their environmental rights and freedoms, which are enshrined in the Constitution of Ukraine, and their continued application, will lead to their implementation at the appropriate democratic and legal level.


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