scholarly journals THE COMPARISON OF RAMANIA (Bouea macrophylla Griff) AND BINJAI (Mangifera caesia) LEAVES EXTRACT GEL EFFECT ON COLLAGEN DENSITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Nabilah Nabilah ◽  
Irham Taufiqurrahman ◽  
Nolista Indah Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Gel Effect ◽  
Index Measurement ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Collagen Density ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: The extract of ramania Bouea macrophylla Griff) and binjai (Mangifera caesia) leaf have flavonoid compounds that function as antioxidants to balance the amount of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in tissues and optimize wound healing by helping synthesis of hydroxyproline which is used as a collagen synthesis material. Objective: To compare the effect of 15% concentration of ramania leaf extract gel, 15% concentration of binjai leaf extract gel on collagen density in back incision wounds of male Wistar rats on day 7 and day 14. Methods: This study used a true experimental design with a posttest-only with control group design. The study sample used male wistar rats that were healthy and active, aged 2-3 months with a body weight of 250-300 grams. The total sample was 18 rats divided into 6 groups. The 15% concentration of ramania and binjai leaves was given topically, then the rats were euthanized on the 7th and 14th day. Collagen index measurement was using hydroxyproline concentration. Results: Two-way Anova data analysis showed a significant value of 0.00 (p<0.05), which means that there was a difference in effect between the treatment gel and wound day. Bonferroni Post Hoc test showed a significant value in all treatment gel groups. Conclusion: There is a difference in the effect of 15% concentration of ramania leaf extract gel and 15% concentration of binjai extract gel on collagen density. Binjai leaf extract gel at 15% concentration is more effective for collagen density than Ramania leaf extract at 15% concentration and placebo. Keywords : Binjai Leaf Extract Gel, Collagen, Hydroxyproline, Ramania Leaf Extract Gel.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF RAMANIA LEAF (Bouea macrophylla Griff) EXTRACT GEL ON COLLAGEN FIBERS DENSITY IN INCISIONAL WOUND OF MALE WISTAR RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Dinda Rizkia ◽  
Irham Taufiqurrahman ◽  
Renie Kumala Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Post Hoc

ABSTRACTBackground: Ramania leaf (Bouea macrophylla Griff) extract gel has secondary metabolites in the form of flavonoids, steroids, phenols and terpenoids which have a role as antioxidant. They will protect the body from excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing endogenous antioxidants SOD, CAT and GPX, so that wound healing will not be inhibited and the process of collagen synthesis can run smoothly. Objective: To analyze the effect of ramania leaf extract gel that was applied topically with 5%, 10% and 15% concentration on collagen fibers density in incisional wound of male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) on the 7th and the 14th day. Method: This research is a pure experimental study with a posttest-only control group design, using 24 rats which were divided into 4 groups: the treatment groups given ramania leaf extract gel of 5%, 10%, 15%, and the control group given placebo gel. The application of the extract gel was done once within 24 hours. The collagen level was measured with a spectrophotometer on the 7th and the 14th day. Results: Two-Way ANOVA test results on the 7th and the 14th day of each group showed a significant difference with p=0.000 (p<0.05). The Bonferroni Post-hoc Test showed a significant difference with p<0.05 between the placebo gel group and the groups of ramania leaf extract gel of 5%, 10%, 15% on the 7th and the 14th day. Conclusion: There is an effect of ramania leaf extract gel on collagen fibers density with the most effective concentration of 15%.Keywords: Antioxidant, , Collagen, Ramania Leaf Extract Gel

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SEMBUNG LEAF EXTRACT (BLUMEA BALSAMIFERA) ON THE NUMBER AND DIAMETER OF RATS LEYDIG CELLS INDUCED BY HIGH-FAT DIET

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (no 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gede Widhiantara ◽  
Anak Agung Ayu Putri Permatasari ◽  
Putu Angga Wiradana
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Core Diameter ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Mean

This study aims to determine the morphology of Leydig cells in hyperlipidemic wistar rats after having administered with sembung (Blumea balsamifera) extract orally. This study utilised a randomized post-test only control group design. The sample in this study were 16 adult male wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) aged 3-4 months with a body weight of 150-200 grams, which were equally and randomly divided into two groups, namely control group (hyperlipidaemia and sterile aquadest) and treatment group (hyperlipidaemia and sembung leaf extract). Hyperlipidaemia was induced with lard administration for 50 days. Data were analysed statistically using the Independent t-test. The results showed that the number of Leydig cells in the treatment group was higher than the control group with 68.13 ± 1.89 and 55.63 ± 1.92 cells respectively (P <0.05). In addition, the mean Leydig cell core diameter of the control group, 5.00 ± 0.34 µm, was smaller compared to the treatment group which was 5.80 ± 0.20 µm (P <0.05). It can be inferred that sembung leaf extract provides a protective effect against damage to Leydig cells due to hyperlipidaemia.

scholarly journals Comparison between Ocimum Sanctum Hepatoprotector Extract and Curcuma Xanthorrhiza on the Histological Structure of Aspartame-Induced Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Des Suryani ◽  
Humairah Medina Liza Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Light Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Treatment Use ◽  
Post Hoc

The use of aspartame is still controversial, because there are studies stating that aspartame is safe to use, and there are studies suggesting aspartame has the potential to damage the liver, but aspartame has been approved by the FDA and BPOM in Indonesia with a daily dose of 50 mg / kg / day, the level of public knowledge we are still low to allow this dose to be overtaken, coupled with the presence of several food products that do not include the content of aspartame, basil leaves have been known to have hepatoprotector effect, but the dosage is still varied, and no researchers have compared curcuma Xanthoriza which is herbal medicine that has been quite well accepted in the community, Objective: to compare the hepatoprotector effect of basil leaf extract with xanthoriza curkuma, Method: Laboratory experimental study with posttest only with control group design. Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups and treated for 30 days. This study analyzed the histopathology of liver using paraffin histotechnics blocks, with HE staining and light microscopy. Analysis of degeneration degree using Kruskal-walis analysis post Hoc Mann-Whitney Results showed an increase in the degree of degeneration in the aspartame group at a dose of 100 mg / kgbb / day (p <0.05) compared to the normal group and treatment. Use of aspartame past the ADI dose damaged the liver, kurkuma and basil leaf extract at a dose of 300 mg / kg has the same protective effect on aspartame-induced rat liver, conclusions: aspartame is toxic for the liver, the use of basil leaf extract at a dose of 300 mg / kg / day or kurkuma xhantoriza extract can reduce the toxicity of aspartame.

scholarly journals Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Cincau (Mesona palustris BL) Meningkatkan Kadar Superoksida Dismutase (SOD) Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) Jantan yang Diinduksi Latihan Fisik Berlebih

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karnia Tarnajaya ◽  
Alex Pangkahila ◽  
Wimpie Pangkahila ◽  
Ferbian M. Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Physical Training ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Mean

Abstract: This study was aimed to prove that administration of black cincau (Mesona palustris BL) leaf extract increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels of overtraining-induced male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). This was a true experimental study using the randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Subjects were 16 male rats (Rattus norvegicus), 6-month old, Wistar strain, weighing 180-200 g, SOD level <39.3 U/mL (normal SOD level), divided into two groups: the control group (P0) and the treatment group (P1). The P0 group was given excessive physical training and aquadest for 14 days, while the P1 group was given excessive physical training and black cincau leaf extract of 54 mg/200 g BW daily for 14 days. The results showed that the mean SOD level before treatment (pretest) in the P0 group was 30.63±2.26 U/mL while in the P1 group was 31.31±2.52 U/mL (P >0.05). After 14-day treatment (posttest), the mean SOD level in the P0 group was 29.36±2.83 U/mL while in the P1 group was 41.31±2.35 U/mL (P <0.01). Further analysis showed that there was no change of SOD levels in the P0 group (P > 0.05), but in the P1 group there was a significant increase of SOD levels from 31.31±2.52U/mL to 41.31±2.35U/mL (P <0.01). Conclusion: Administration of black cincau leaf extract of 54 mg per 200 g of body weight increased SOD level of overtraining-induced male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).Keywords: black cincau leaves, SOD, excessive physical activityAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun cincau (Mesona palustris BL) dapat meningkatkan kadar superoksida dismutase (SOD) tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) jantan yang diinduksi pelatihan fisik berlebih. Jenis penelitian ialah eksperimental murni menggunakan randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Subjek penelitian ialah 16 ekor tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus) galur Wistar berumur 6 bulan, sehat, berat badan 180-200 gr, dan kadar SOD <39,3 U/mL (kadar SOD normal), yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol (P0) dan kelompok perlakuan (P1), masing-masing berjumlah 8 ekor tikus. Kelompok P0 diberikan pelatihan fisik berlebih dan akuades secara sonde selama 14 hari, dan kelompok P1 diberikan pelatihan fisik berlebih dan ekstrak daun cincau dosis 54 mg/200 gr BB tikus selama 14 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata kadar SOD sebelum perlakuan (pretest) pada kelompok P0 ialah 30,63±2,26 U/mL, sedangkan pada kelompok P1 ialah 31,31±2,52 U/mL (P >0,05). Setelah perlakuan selama 14 hari (posttest), rerata kadar SOD pada kelompok P0 ialah 29,36±2,83 U/mL, dan pada kelompok P1 ialah 41,31±2,35 U/mL (P <0,01). Hasil analisis efek perlakuan menunjukkan bahwa pada kelompok P0 tidak terjadi perubahan kadar SOD (P >0,05), namun pada kelompok P1 terjadi peningkatan bermakna kadar SOD dari 31,31±2,52 U/mL menjadi 41,31±2,35U/mL (P <0,01). Simpulan: Ekstrak daun cincau dosis 54 mg/200 gr BB tikus dapat meningkatkan kadar SOD tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) jantan yang diinduksi pelatihan fisik berlebih.Kata kunci: daun cincau, SOD, aktivitas fisik berlebih

Potential Antiseptic of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaves extract on Healing wound in Male Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 3143-3149
Author(s):  
Endang Sri Purwanti Ningsih ◽  
Noorlaila Noorlaila ◽  
Ikhwan Rizki Muhammad ◽  
Windy Yuliana Budianto
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Rhodomyrtus Tomentosa

Background: The process of wound healing is influenced by various factors such as age, hormones, and wound care. Wound care is done to accelerate wound healing which can be done by various methods, one of them is traditional care. Traditional wound care can use medicinal plants. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is a medicinal plant that has an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antibacterial content. Thus this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the antiseptic solution of the Rodhomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract on wound healing in male Wistar rats. Method: this research is pure experimental research with post test only control group design. Thirty male white rats were divided into five groups, namely negative control, positive control, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract 15%, 30%, and 60%. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extraction was carried out by maceration method with 70% ethano solvent. The extraction results are divided into 3 concentrations (15%, 30% and 60%). The wound healing process was evaluated by measuring the length of the wound manually from 0 to 10 days in each group. Meanwhile, the number of fibroblast cells was calculated through hematoxylin eosin (HE) staining and observed using an Olympus CX41 microscope with a 10x magnification and objective lens magnification in 3 fields. Result: There was a significant difference in the reduction in wound length (p =< 0,000) between the five experimental groups (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract solution 15%, 30% and 60%, negative control and positive control. Solution of rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extract accelerated the increase in the number of fibroblasts compared to the negative control group (p = 0.003), but did not make a difference (p = 0.403) with the positive control group. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa leaf extraction solution had the same microscopic effect on the number of fibroblasts with a positive control group given 0.9% NaCl solution. Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the number of fibroblasts between all groups, but no difference in wound healing length.

scholarly journals PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAGING LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe Vera) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN ULSERASI MUKOSA MULUT PADA MALE WISTAR RATS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Laila Fitrotuz Zahroh ◽  
Rahmawati Sri Praptiningsih ◽  
Moh. Baehaqi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Oral mucosa ulceration which often occurs usually in the form of white-yellowish spot with concave surface, reddish edge and pain. Based on previous research, Aloe vera process anti-inflammation substance that could help quickening ulceration healing process. This research aims to know the effect of Aloe vera flesh extract on Male wistar rats oral mucosa ulceration in-vivo. Method: this research was quasi experimental research with the post-test only control group design using Male wistar rats as the testing animal. In the research, there were three treatment groups: The first groups which was given aquadest treatment, second groups with Aloe vera flesh extract, and third groups which was given chlorhexidine gluconate 0,2% treatment. The data collecting was based on histopathology observation concerning the increase of fibroblast quantity. Result: The research result based on comparison test among the three groups with One Way Anova showed that on Day 3th, the average quantity of fibroblast didn't have significant difference between the treatment group and control group positive that was p>0,05, meanwhile on Day 7th every group showed significant difference p<0,05. Conclusion: It concluded that Aloe vera flesh extract has influence on the healing of Male wistar rats oral mucosa ulceration as shown by fibroblast increasing quantity.

scholarly journals The effect of vitamin C and E combination on sperm quality and cement 8-OHdG level of smoke exposed rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Eviana Budiartanti Sutanto ◽  
Taufiq R Nasihun ◽  
Israhnanto Isradji ◽  
Luciana Budiati Sutanto
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Normal Sperm ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Per Oral

Introduction: Cigarette smoke causes oxidative stress which results in reduced sperm concentration, motility and morphology, also increased levels of 8-OHdG as a marker of DNA damage. Vitamin C and E have potential role in repairing spermatozoa damages. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin C and E combination on sperm quality and cement 8-OHdG level of smoke exposed rats.Methods: This study used a post test only control group design among 18 male Wistar rats subject, aged 8 week, 150-200 grams body weight (BW). The subject was randomly divided into 3 groups, K1: control, K2: cigarettes smoke exposed, K3: cigarettes smoke exposed and given a combination of 0.045 mg/gBW vitamin C and 0.036 IU/gBW vitamin E per oral. Analysis was done on day 21 using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc LSD for sperm concentration, motility and morphology; using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests for cement 8- OHdG levels.Results: The lowest sperm concentration was found in   K2 (K2  32.59  million/mL,  K1 47.91 million/mL, K 339.43 million/mL); the lowest normal sperm motility was found in K2 (K 238.97%, K 164.57%, K3 51.43%); the lowest normal sperm morphology was found in K2 (K2 27.56%, K 138.36%, K 331.18%); and the highest cement 8- OHdG level was found in K2 (K2 20.18ng/mL, K1 3.43ng/mL, K3 5.28ng/mL).Conclusion: Combination of vitamin C and E can improve sperm concentration, motility and morphology and decrease cement 8-OHdG levels of smoke exposed rats.

scholarly journals The Difference between the Effect of Green Tea Cream and Tocopherol on Decreasing Level of Tyrosinase Enzyme and Amount of Melanin in Rattus norvegicus Exposed to UVB Rays

Sains Medika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Anwar Riyanto ◽  
Taufiqurrachman Nasihun ◽  
Titiek Sumarawati
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Topical Cream ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tyrosinase Enzyme ◽  
Uvb Exposure ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Better Than

Introduction: Green tea and tocopherol are potent antioxidants used to treat melasma. However, whether green tea or tocopherol is superior remains unclear. Objective: To compare the effectiveness between green tea and tocopherol in decreasing the amount of melanin and tyrosinase level in wistar rats exposed to UVB rays.Methods: The experimental study took 30 male Wistar rats randomly and divided them into 3 groups. The control group (C-G) was given basic topical cream, GT-G was given green tea topical cream and TC-G was given tocopherol topical cream. All rats were exposed to UVB every Monday, Wednesday and Friday for 4 weeks, whereas topical creams were smeared every day. Topical creams smearing on the same day with UVB exposure was performed 20 minutes before exposure and 4 hours after UVB exposure. The doses of UVB were 50 mJ/cm2 in first week, 70mJ/cm2 in the second week and 80mJ/cm2 in the third and fourth weeks. The amount of melanin was measured using pixel method and the tyrosinase level was measured using ELISA.Results: Anova analysis indicates that the amount of melanin and tyrosinase level are significantly different between groups, p<0.05. Post Hoc LSD analysis indicates that the amount of melanin in GT-G and TC-G are significantly lower than that of C-G, p<0.05. The amount of melanin in GT-G is lower than that of TC-G, p<0.05. The tyrosinase level in GT-G is significantly lower than that of C-G and TC-G, p<0.05. Meanwhile, the tyrosinase level in TC-G is lower than that of C-G but insignificantly, p>0.05.� Conclusion: Green tea topical treatment is significantly capable of decreasing the amount of melanin and tyrosinase level better than tocopherol.

scholarly journals The Effect of CMCE Propolis Extract Administrations on Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Levels and the Hepatocyte HistopathologicalFindings of Rats� Induced with CCl4

Sains Medika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Catur Retno Lestari ◽  
Titiek Sumarawati ◽  
Taufiqurrachman Nasihun
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Hepatic Cell ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Metabolic System ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Introduction:Liver exposure to toxic substances will disrupt the metabolic system. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a hepatotoxic substance causing a liver damage. Continuous multi-stage countercurrent extraction(CMCE) propolis extract contains active balsamic substances, caffeic acid, phenethyl esters and flavonoids.Objective: to prove the effect of CMCE propolis extract on IL-1 levels and the hepatocyte histopathology findingsof male wistar rats�induced by CCl4.Methods:In the posttest only control group design, the total sample of 28 rats was divided into 4 groups: positive control group (K-0; standard feed); group P-1 (propolis3.6 mg/200 g); P-2 (propolis7.2mg/200gr and P-3 (propolis14.4mg/200g) were respectively given for 14 days,yet those on the 14thday were given CCl4. The IL-1 level was measured with the ELISA method, while the male wistar rats�hepatocyte histopathology findings was determined by the HE staining methods. IL-1 levelswere analyzed usingOne Way Anova test,followed by the Post Hoc LSD test. Hepatic cell histopathology was analyzed usingKruskal Wallis, followed by Mann-Whitney U.Results:Post Hoc LSD analysis shows that the levels of IL-1 in P-1 (983.54 �19.67), P-2 (841.58�19.47), and P-3 (755.50�31.63) are significantlylower thanthosein K-0 (1131.69�14.91) withp<0.05. Mann-Whitney U analysis shows that the hepatocyte histopathology in the P-1 group (2.55�0.39), P-2 (1.24�0.94) and P-3 (1.20�0.93) is significantlylower thanthatinK-0 (2.94�0.16) with p<0.05.Conclusion: The administration of CMCE propolis extract may reduce IL-1 levels and improve the male wistar rats�hepatic cell histopathologyinduced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).

scholarly journals Effect of single clove garlic on clinical symptoms of photoaging in wistar rats exposed with UV-B

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Nyoman Pratiwi Hapsari Dewi ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Dewi Ratnayanti ◽  
I Gusti Kamasan Nyoman Arijana ◽  
Ni Made Linawati
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptom ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Photoaging is a premature aging that occurs on skin due to the ultraviolet light exposure that causes the emergence of clinical symptoms, one of which is wrinkle. One kind of material that can prevent photoaging is antioxidant. A single clove garlic has the highest antioxidant activity compared to the other materials. Aim: This research aimed at investigating the effectivity of single clove garlic in inhibiting the clinical symptom of photoaging. Method: This research was an experimental research, utilizing pre-post-test control group design. The used sample were 30 male wistar rats which were divided into 6 experimental groups. All groups were exposed to UV-B light with the amount of 840 mJ/cm2. Control group (P1) was only exposed to UV-B while the other groups were treated with placebo cream (P2), sunblock (P3), 5% garlic cream (P4), 10% garlic cream (P5) and 20% garlic cream (P6) respectively. The clinical symptom in the form of wrinkle was observed by using dermascope and the observations were categorized based on Glogau Scale. The statistical analysis utilized Wilcoxon and Kruskal Wallis test which was followed by Mann Whitney test. Result: The result of the research showed that there was significant difference on the apparent wrinkle on P1 group and P3, P5 and P6. Meanwhile the comparison between P1, P2 and P4 was not significant. Conclusion: The single clove garlic extract can prevent photoaging and has the similar protective effect for the skin as of sunblock.

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