Arctic Horizon of Russia’s Strategy: Contemporary Dynamics

2010 ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
K. Voronov
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Spatial Reorientation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Liberal Approach ◽  
The Eu

As a result of struggle between two concept-lines in prescriptive documents (concepts, strategies, doctrines) of the Russian Federation, certain compromise is reached between a popular ultra-liberal approach and national patriotic appeals for state development spatial reorientation. Having analyzed geopolitical aspirations of five Arctic states – Denmark, Canada, the USA, Norway, Russia (as well as NATO and the EU activities), and the legal regime of the Arctic, the author comes to a conclusion that, anyhow, no horrifying fight/race battle for possession of its territories or resources is taking place in practice. There is every indication to believe that all Arctic states will adhere to the existing and framing rules of international law (especially the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982).

THE ACTIVITIES OF THE USA AND CHINA IN THE REGIONS OF THE WORLD, AFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF RUSSIA'S INTERESTS. Part 1: country interests and activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Gordienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the interests of Russia, the United States and China in the regions of the world and identifies the priorities of Russia's activities in Europe, Central Asia and the Caucasus, the Asia-Pacific region, the Arctic, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America, their comparative assessment with the interests of the United States and China. An approach to assessing the impact of possible consequences of the activities of the United States and China on the realization of Russia's interests is proposed. This makes it possible to identify the priorities of the policy of the Russian Federation in various regions of the world. The results of the analysis can be used to substantiate recommendations to the military-political leadership of our country. It is concluded that the discrepancy between the interests of the United States and China is important for the implementation of the current economic and military policy of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals “Judicial Convention” as a New Stage in the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments

Lex Russica ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 84-103
Author(s):  
O. F. Zasemkova
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Draft Convention ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Recognition And Enforcement ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

In May 2018, at the 4th and final meeting of the Special Commission of the Hague Conference on Private International Law, the draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters that had been developed since 1992 was represented. It is expected that after the Diplomatic Session that will be held in the mid-2019 the draft will be finalized and the Convention will be adopted and opened for signature.In this regard, the article attempts to analyze the main provisions of the draft Convention and assess the appropriateness for the Russian Federation to access it, taking into account the fact that Russia has a limited number of international treaties permitting recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in Russia and decisions of Russian courts abroad. Based on the results of the analysis, the author concludes that the adoption of this Convention will provide for a simple and effective basis for the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments eligible for States with different legal, social and economic circumstances. This, in turn, will increase the practical value of court decisions ensuring the most comprehensive protection of the rights and interests of the party in whose favour the decision has been made and, as a consequence, will contribute to the attractiveness of this method of dispute resolution for parties involved in cross-border private law relations.However, the mixed attitudes of the EU and the USA to the Draft Convention raises the question of their accession to the future Convention and may significantly reduce the impact of the adoption of the document under consideration.

Administrative Legal Regime in the Arctic Area

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Владимир Кузнецов ◽  
Vladimir Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Management Procedure ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
Arctic Area

The development of the Russian Northern territories is not only a domestic problem of this country, but also a global one. The Polar region, which is also called the Arctic area, attracts many and requires concentration of all forces on the solution of the problem of its development in the economic, social, military and strategic dimensions. In proportion to these circumstances, the role of legal aspects in the developing and emerging social relations also increases. Legal regulation for these parts of the Russian Northern territories and adjacent waters of the Arctic Ocean, constituting the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, requires certain uniformity. This can be achieved by improving public administration over the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, legislative recognition of its special status and the establishment of special regimes for natural resources, environmental protection, regulation of navigation along the seaways of the Northern sea route. It involves the formation of a special management procedure, i.e. the formation of a special administrative-legal regime. This is a complex task that requires scientific understanding of the problems that have a significant impact on the formation of the administrative legal regime in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals International legal treaty as a basis for scientific cooperation in the Arctic regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 00051
Author(s):  
O Maksimova ◽  
A Armashova
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Modern World ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Main Instrument

The paper analyzes international treaties related to the activities of states in the Arctic regions. These treaties constitute the legal basis for scientific cooperation. Due to the threat of climate change and global warming, the preservation of the Arctic ecosystem is becoming one of the urgent tasks for global scientific community. Russia, with its vast Arctic territories, can play a key role in joining the efforts of scientists from different countries. In the modern world, international cooperation is impossible without the established system of international legal treaties. The main instrument of international law for cooperation in the Arctic is the 1982 UN Convention on the Law Of the Sea. The success of scientific events in the Arctic depends on the results of the activities of the Arctic Council and on the effectiveness of activities, including research during the implementation of the Strategy for the Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals ARCTIC SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT DURING RUSSIAN CHAIRMANSHIP AT THE ARCTIC COUNCIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 228 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-235
Author(s):  
JULIA V. ZVORYKINA ◽  
◽  
KIRILL S. TETERYATNIKOV ◽  
DANEK А. PAVLOVSKY ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
International Law ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article is meant to analyze new opportunities of the forthcoming presidency of the Russian Federation in the Arctic Council designed to implement the Arctic Development Strategy of the Russian Federation, strengthen international cooperation and give a new impetus to largescale national and international sustainable development projects in the Arctic, focused on improving the resilience of the environment and population of the Council member states. The authors considered the approaches to formulation of sustainable development priorities in international law and Russian legislation, peculiarities of sustainable development projects in the Arctic, prospective directions of Russian chairmanship in the Arctic Council taking into account postpandemic development of the world economy. Relevant proposals and recommendations on specific areas of cooperation and major projects that could be implemented in the interests of all member states of the Arctic Council are given. A proposal for Arctic Development Bank foundation has been put forward and substantiated.

scholarly journals Правовой статус Северного морского пути: французская доктрина

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (52) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Л. В. Вереина ◽  
А. В. Котлова
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

Правительство Российской Федерации утвердило план развития инфраструктуры Северного морского пути (далее – СМП) до 2035 г. Грузооборот Северного морского пути к 2035 г. должен увеличиться в восемь раз, достигнув показателя в 160 млн т. Российская Федерация ведёт активную работу по обновлению ледокольного флота и портовой инфраструктуры. В Российской Федерации СМП рассматривается как исторически сложившаяся национальная транспортная коммуникация, что, на наш взгляд, соответствует нормам международного права. Вместе с тем, не все зарубежные государства придерживаются российского подхода к правовому статусу СМП. Так, например, Соединенные Штаты Америки заявляют о необходимости интернационализации СМП по мере освобождения данной водной артерии от льда. В качестве примера усиливающегося политического и экономического давления западных стран в отношении России можно привести отказ не-скольких крупных компаний от использования СМП для перевозки грузов под предлогом охраны окружающей среды. Ряд других зарубежных стран также имеют свою точку зрения по вопросу определения правового статуса и режима судоходства по Северному морскому пути. Поскольку Франция является одним из ведущих государств Европейского союза, членом Североатлантического альянса, одним из двенадцати неарктических государств, являющихся наблюдателями в Арктическом совете, а также государством, которое обозначило себя как «полярное государство», считаем целесообразным рассмотреть французскую международно-правовую доктрину о статусе Северного морского пути. The Government of the Russian Federation approved the plan for the development of the Northern Sea Route (hereinafter – SMP) until 2035. The cargo turnover of the Northern Sea Route by 2035 is expected to increase eight-fold up to 160 million tons. The Russian Federation is actively working to renew the icebreaker fleet and port infrastructure. In Russia, the SMP is regarded as a historically established national transport communication which, in our opinion, corresponds to the norms of international law. At the same time, not all foreign states adhere to the Russian approach to the legal status of the SMP. For example, the USA advocates the internationalization of the SMP. The popular wisdom is that the SMP is the international strait. As an example of the increasing political and economic pressure of Western countries toward Russia is the refusal of several large companies to use SMP under the pretext of environmental protection. As France is one of the leading states of the European Union, a member of the NATO, one of the twelve non-Arctic states that are observers in the Arctic Council and a state which identifies itself as a “polar” state, examining the French international legal doctrine concerning the status of the Northern Sea Route has to be relevant.

Free Access to and from the Ocean in the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea: The Law of the Sea and the Caspian “Body of Water”

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Alberto PECORARO
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Free Access ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Law

Abstract Access to and from the sea for landlocked states has been a long-standing issue in the law of the sea. Such issue is also addressed by the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea (or Aktau Convention), which foresees a right of free access to other seas for landlocked State Parties—Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan—through the Russian Federation. At the same time, it upholds the transit state's sovereignty and right to protect its legitimate interests. Consequently, it is important to assess the limits of the transit state's discretion pursuant to the Aktau Convention. In this regard, that instrument has important linkages with UNCLOS and with general international law. These linkages introduce in the Aktau Convention various norms—such as due regard and reasonableness—that play an important role in its interpretation.

THE KERCH STRAIT INCIDENT: IS THERE A BREACH OF INTERNATIONAL LAW?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Michelle Viandy Huang
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Provisional Measure ◽  
Security Service ◽  
Kerch Strait ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
International Tribunals

On 23th November 2018, the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation ("FSB") destroyed and captured three of Ukrainian Military Vessel, as well as detaining 24 of its personnels. As the dispute continues, Ukraine raised this matter to the International Tribunals on Law of The Sea (“ITLOS”), requesting a provisional measure pursuant to Article 280 paragraph 5 UNCLOS to release the vessels and personnels detained. ITLOS has made its order on 25th May 2019, ruling that Russia must release the detainee and return the vessels immediately to Ukraine. However, Russia refused to enforce the order and denied ITLOS jurisdiction over this matter due to the involvement of military aspect in the incident. Therefore, this paper provides an answer to the questions whether Russia’s act constitutes a violation to international law and whether ITLOS has the jurisdiction over the dispute.

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