WTO’s activities in the field of tourism statistics

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-316
Author(s):  
Enzo Paci
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
World Conference ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Statistical Development ◽  
International Comparability

The activities of WTO are focused on promoting a creative approach by National Tourism Administrations, Statistical Offices and local authorities to encourage countries to collect more reliable and more complete tourism statistics in line with WTO definitions, so as to improve their international comparability. WTO also emphasizes the need to speed up the production and publication of these statistics at country level in order to provide the means of identifying tourism trends by month and fine-tuning promotion and marketing policies. Computerization and the successful effort to develop standard definitions and classifications for tourism have given renewed force to WTO's work in statistics. WTO has expanded activities with Member States to implement the WTO Recommendations on Tourism Statistics, adopted by the United Nations Statistical Commission in 1993, through manuals, seminars and an ambitious statistical development programme to assess the economic importance of tourism. The programme includes the holding of a World Conference on the measurement of the economic impact o tourism in Nice (France) towards the end of May/beginning of June 1999. The objective of the Conference is to develop a core of indicators for the assessment of the net economic impact of tourism at both national and international level, thereby enhancing the credibility of the tourism industry.

WTO’s activities in the field of tourism statistics

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Enzo Paci
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
World Conference ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Statistical Development ◽  
International Comparability

The activities of WTO are focused on promoting a creative approach by National Tourism Administrations, Statistical Offices and local authorities to encourage countries to collect more reliable and more complete tourism statistics in line with WTO definitions, so as to improve their international comparability. WTO also emphasizes the need to speed up the production and publication of these statistics at country level in order to provide the means of identifying tourism trends by month and fine-tuning promotion and marketing policies. Computerization and the successful effort to develop standard definitions and classifications for tourism have given renewed force to WTO’s work in statistics. WTO has expanded activities with Member States to implement the WTO Recommendations on Tourism Statistics, adopted by the United Nations Statistical Commission in 1993, through manuals, seminars and an ambitious statistical development programme to assess the economic importance of tourism. The programme includes the holding of a World Conference on the measurement of the economic impact of tourism in Nice (France) towards the end of May/beginning of June 1999. The objective of the Conference is to develop a core of indicators for the assessment of the net economic impact of tourism at both national and international level, thereby enhancing the credibility of the tourism industry.

scholarly journals Sustainable Tourism, Economic Growth and Employment—The Case of the Wine Routes of Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7164
Author(s):  
Guillermo Vázquez Vicente ◽  
Victor Martín Barroso ◽  
Francisco José Blanco Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Wine Tourism ◽  
Development Tool ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Tourism has become a priority in national and regional development policies and is considered a source of economic growth, particularly in rural areas. Nowadays, wine tourism is an important form of tourism and has become a local development tool for rural areas. Regional tourism development studies based on wine tourism have a long history in several countries such as the US and Australia, but are more recent in Europe. Although Spain is a leading country in the tourism industry, with an enormous wine-growing tradition, the literature examining the economic impact of wine tourism in Spanish economy is scarce. In an attempt to fill this gap, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of wine tourism on economic growth and employment in Spain. More specifically, by applying panel data techniques, we study the economic impact of tourism in nine Spanish wine routes in the period from 2008 to 2018. Our results suggest that tourism in these wine routes had a positive effect on economic growth. However, we do not find clear evidence of a positive effect on employment generation.

scholarly journals Fine-Tuning by Curriculum Learning for Non-Autoregressive Neural Machine Translation

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (05) ◽  
pp. 7839-7846
Author(s):  
Junliang Guo ◽  
Xu Tan ◽  
Linli Xu ◽  
Tao Qin ◽  
Enhong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Inference Process ◽  
Neural Machine Translation ◽  
Training Strategy ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Good Improvement ◽  
Tuning Process ◽  
Translation Accuracy ◽  
The Cost

Non-autoregressive translation (NAT) models remove the dependence on previous target tokens and generate all target tokens in parallel, resulting in significant inference speedup but at the cost of inferior translation accuracy compared to autoregressive translation (AT) models. Considering that AT models have higher accuracy and are easier to train than NAT models, and both of them share the same model configurations, a natural idea to improve the accuracy of NAT models is to transfer a well-trained AT model to an NAT model through fine-tuning. However, since AT and NAT models differ greatly in training strategy, straightforward fine-tuning does not work well. In this work, we introduce curriculum learning into fine-tuning for NAT. Specifically, we design a curriculum in the fine-tuning process to progressively switch the training from autoregressive generation to non-autoregressive generation. Experiments on four benchmark translation datasets show that the proposed method achieves good improvement (more than 1 BLEU score) over previous NAT baselines in terms of translation accuracy, and greatly speed up (more than 10 times) the inference process over AT baselines.

scholarly journals The economic impact of hunting: A regional approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petrus Van der Merwe ◽  
Melville Saayman ◽  
Riaan Rossouw
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Wildlife Tourism ◽  
Economic Impact Analysis

The core of South Africa tourism industry is based on wildlife tourism.  Private game reserves and game farms which forms part of wildlife tourism constitute most of the wildlife products in South Africa.  On these private reserves and game farms, hunting is one of the major income generators for product owners.  The aim of this study is to analyse the economic impact of hunting on the regional economies of three of South Africa’s most important hunting provinces. The study used economic multipliers, input-output analysis, and related modelling processes through input-output (supply-use) tables and social accounting matrices (SAM). The results differed significantly for the three provinces, with Limpopo receiving the biggest impact (R2.6 billion) and the Free State having the highest multiplier (2.08). The geographical location of the game farms, the number of farms per province and the species available all influenced the magnitude of the economic impact of hunters over and above the traditional determinants of economic impact analysis. The implication of the research is that it will help product owners in the development of game farms or hunting products, contribute to policy formulation, especially for government decisions on what products to offer where, and how to create more jobs.

The Economic Impact of Tourism on to the Community of Kuakata

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-58
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abu Horaira
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Secondary Data Sources ◽  
Economic Well Being

Tourism has been seasoned with continuous growth and concentrating ‎diversification over the decades to become one of the fastest-growing economic sectors within the world. Tourism plays a crucial economic movement in most countries around the world, also as the tourism industry has its direct and indirect economic impact. Moreover, tourism features a diversified sort of economic impact on the community. The contribution of tourism to the community for economic well-being depends on the standard and, therefore, the ‎revenues of the tourism offer. The purpose of this paper is to track down the economic impact of tourism on to the community of Kuakata, where one can see the sunrise and sunset from the same spot, the rarest characteristic within the planet only this type of opportunity is available in Japan. The paper is predicated primarily on secondary data sources like-articles, journals, websites of different tourism-related sources. It was being identified after reviewing the literature and acknowledging loopholes that if Kuakata is developed to its full potential, it's going to contribute to the livelihoods and socio-economic development of local communities and Bangladesh.  

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF ESG FACTORS ON MARKET VALUE OF COMPANIES FROM TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 820-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. Ionescu ◽  
Daniela Firoiu ◽  
Ramona Pirvu ◽  
Ruxandra Dana Vilag
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Listed Companies ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors and firm market value for the companies from travel and tourism industry and, in the same time, to investigates the question if the association between good ESG scores for travel and tourism companies and their market value can be used as a performance predictor. The impact of extra-financial ESG performance on market value of the companies was estimated using the modified version of the Ohlson (1995) model, based on a sample of 73 listed companies, worldwide distributed, during the 2010–2015 period. The overall results of this research are consistent with the value enhancing theory (as opposed with the shareholder expense theory). From the ESG factors, the governance factor seems to have the most important influence on the market value of the selected companies, regardless of the geographic region where they are located. Thus, our findings provide new insights into the influence of each ESG factor on the market value of the companies, providing a useful tool for stakeholders to measure economic impact but also for use as a predictor of economic performance.

scholarly journals Development of customs infrastructure on the Ukrainian –Polish border in the conditions of business internationalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
Marta Adamiv ◽  
◽  
Mariana Ruda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Export Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Trade Partners

The relations between Ukraine and Poland represent a long history of partnership and have a great economic importance for both countries. At the present stage, Poland is one of the largest international trade partners of our country. In the history of Ukraine's foreign trade during 2019-2020, Poland occupied second place in the structure of domestic exports. Thus, in 2020 the share of exports of Ukrainian goods to Poland was 6.65%. First of all, it means a change in the vector of foreign trade development for the national economy and the reorientation of Ukraine's export market to the European Union. In 2020, Poland also occupied one of the leading positions in the structure of Ukrainian imports of goods (4th place with a share of 7.62%). This situation leads to a significant increase in the load at checkpoints and causes the need to ensure prompt and efficient customs clearance of goods moving across the Ukrainian-Polish border. On the basis of the performed researches, significant differences in the levels of development of the customs services of Poland and Ukraine in terms of the quality of customs services have been established, as Ukraine lags far behind Poland in all the studied indicators in this area. Such situation requires the improvement of the work of Ukrainian customs authorities in the context of business internationalization, including the development of customs infrastructure in the area of the Ukrainian-Polish border. The key problems of customs service of enterprises at domestic checkpoints include long and costly customs procedures, lack of proper technical, road, information infrastructure at checkpoints, outdated technical instruments of customs control, etc. It is proved that in the conditions of business internationalization one of the key tasks should be the construction of new checkpoints and the development of the customs infrastructure of the existing checkpoints. The key strategically important checkpoints in the area of the Ukrainian-Polish border, which need to be modernized in order to increase their capacity, include road checkpoints "Korchova-Krakivets", "Dorokhusk-Yagodyn", "Medyka-Shehyni", as well as a railway checkpoint "Medyka-Mostyska". In addition, the importance of spreading the practice of construction of joint checkpoints, which allows to significantly speed up the process of customs services for businesses, was emphasized.

scholarly journals Research on Automatic Classification Method of Ethnic Music Emotion Based on Machine Learning

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zijin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Classification Accuracy ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Classification Method ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Ethnic Music ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Speed Up

With the development of the country’s economy, there is a flourishing situation in the field of culture and art. However, the diversification of artistic expressions has not brought development to folk music. On the contrary, it brought a huge impact, and some national music even fell into the dilemma of being lost. This article is mainly aimed at the recognition and classification of folk music emotions and finds the model that can make the classification accuracy rate as high as possible. The classification model used in this article is mainly after determining the use of Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification method, a variety of attempts have been made to feature extraction, and good results have been achieved. Explore the Deep Belief Network (DBN) pretraining and reverse fine-tuning process, using DBN to learn the fusion characteristics of music. According to the abstract characteristics learned by them, the recognition and classification of folk music emotions are carried out. The DBN is improved by adding “Dropout” to each Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) and adjusting the increase standard of weight and bias. The improved network can avoid the overfitting problem and speed up the training of the network. Through experiments, it is found that using the fusion features proposed in this paper, through classification, the classification accuracy has been improved.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF PANDEMIC ERA TO TOURISM INDUSTRY IN TANGERANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
Listania Felia Kartika Candra ◽  
Agnira Rekha
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All

 The COVID-19 pandemic affected its economic impact and disrupted all the economies in the world, including in Indonesia, causing many people to lose their jobs, close some of their businesses and the possibility of an economic crisis. When the number of cases of infection and death has increased sharply and recovery from a pandemic remains uncertain even in developed countries, evidence of shocks throughout the economy including China, Europe and the US has emerged. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overall understanding of the possibility of a pandemic macroeconomic shock, which includes economic activity in several affected areas, knowing how much the hospitality industry is affected by the same experiencing losses due to not having visitors as usual days. The COVID-19 pandemic also caused several sectors of Digital Travel Marketing companies to experience a drastic decline because almost all public transportation access was restricted and given a 100% refund. This paper discusses the monetary effects of COVID-19 emergencies across companies, and countries. It speaks of a monetary crisis through financial movements which are strongly affected by the ongoing pandemic. The monetary potential of COVID-19 throughout the world is still in high percentage, some workers are still in the period of vacation and some have been fired from the company.Keywords: Pandemic Effects, Tourism Industry, Tangerang

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