scholarly journals Impact of oak wood modalities on the (non)-volatile composition and sensory attributes of red wines

OENO One ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-299
Author(s):  
María Reyes González-Centeno ◽  
Pierre-Louis Teissedre ◽  
Kleopatra Chira

During fermentation or ageing of wines, oak wood is commonly used in form of barrels, casks or derived oak products (chips, winewoods, tankstaves, among others). It is well known that aroma, structure, astringency, bitterness, aromatic persistence and colour may change as a result of wine‒wood contact. A full-scale experimentation was performed under different oak ageing conditions in order to evaluate colour, phenolic, aromatic and sensory differences among final red wines (9‒months ageing). Oenological parameters and wine colour were not impacted by ageing modality. At the end of ageing, no differences were found in total phenolic and tannin contents. Regardless of the ageing modality, total content and profile of fruity volatiles were globally maintained with regard to control (≥ 86 %). In contrast, the higher the surface of wine‒wood contact per unit of wine volume, the greater the extraction of woody aromas. Thus, barrels led to wines with the highest level of woody aromas (515‒864 µg/L), followed by cask modalities (430‒470 µg/L). From a sensory point of view, descriptors highlighting the woody character of wine (vanilla, spicy) were enhanced in all oak‒aged wines when compared to control. However, our results indicate that a masking effect of fruity aroma by oak wood did not occur, since all modalities were perceived as fruity as the control. Thus, each oak ageing modality may lead to wines with a different woody character, without no impact on fruity perception, allowing wineries to achieve the targeted aromatic profile, good structure and just the right balance between fruity and woody aromas.

OENO One ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Navarro ◽  
Adela Mena ◽  
Thomas Giordanengo ◽  
Sergio Gómez-Alonso ◽  
Esteban García-Romero ◽  
...  

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect on wine colour and phenolic and volatile composition of supplementing a red wine with different oak staves - selected using a non-invasive measurement method based on infrared spectrometry (Oakscan system) - during a micro-oxygenation treatment.Methods and results: Aliquots of 165 liters of a Merlot wine were micro-oxygenated at two doses of oxygen (2.5 and 5.0 mg of O2/L.month) in the presence or not of oak staves of different potential ellagitannin release (PER) for three months. Micro-oxygenation generally increased colour intensity and stability, probably because it favours the formation of new pigments. The presence of staves increased the total phenolic index and the ellagitannin concentration and encouraged the combination of anthocyanins with flavanols. The greater the PER of the staves, the greater this effect was. Finally, the micro-oxygenation dose only affected the concentration of total furanic compounds, whereas the PER of the staves seemed to determine the concentrations of furanic compounds, volatile phenols and β-methyl-γ-octalactones. To be specific, the lower the PER of the staves, the higher the concentration of β-methyl-γ-octalactones (coconut notes) and the lower the concentration of furanic compounds (toasted nut notes) and volatile phenols (smoked notes). A sensory analysis of the wines confirmed this trend.Conclusions: The main conclusion is that it is possible to use a non-invasive measurement method based on infrared spectrometry oak staves for their potential release of ellagitannins, as well as different volatile substances.Significance and impact of the study: These results indicate that by choosing the staves winemakers can modulate both the structure and the aromatic profile of their wines.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Yéssica Elizabeth Barreto Macías ◽  
Colón Avellán Velásquez

El actual trabajo afronta una de las problemáticas más apremiantes de los actuales momentos como es el alto índice de dispendio de drogas en las Instituciones Educativas, que afectan considerablemente a la sociedad ecuatoriana. Su objetivo es analizar los lineamientos que permitan mejorar la orientación familiar, y desarrollar relaciones interpersonales apropiadas que fomenten la unión familiar, practicar principios, fomentar valores morales, y que los jóvenes aprendan a decir “no” ante una eventual propuesta de consumir compuestos prohibidos, que lo único que se consigue es materializarse en un estado no idóneo ante la comunidad, considerar que las consecuencias para la salud son devastadoras, personas que a temprana edad padecen de enfermedades que en muchas ocasiones son gravísimas, causando malestar no solamente propio sino a la familia. Puedo mencionar como aporte de este artículo; y en base a resultados establecidos que resulta primordial e importante mantener la asistencia de un profesional especializado en psicología, diálogos científicos y motivadores, conjuntamente con atención médica provocarán en la persona afectada la erradicación del consumo de drogas. Constan muchos factores que causan gran influencia negativa en las familias, partiendo de que actualmente el mundo vive la tendencia del consumismo lo que influye en sobremanera que exista menos dialogo en el hogar, la aparición de la tecnología es otra de las situaciones adversas. Los profesionales encargados de brindar orientación familiar deben considerar siempre, que el comportamiento del ser humano debe ser comprendido desde el punto de vista de su forma de pensar, solo así se desarrollara una cultura que permita a las familias tomar las decisiones acertadas al momento de formar a sus hijos, lo que en un futuro se evidenciará como seres útiles a la sociedad. PALABRAS CLAVE: Consumo de drogas; orientación familiar; valores morales.  FAMILY COUNSELING, FOR THE PREVENTION OF DRUG USE IN THIRDYEAR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS  ABSTRACT  The current work addresses one of the most pressing issues of current times such as the high rate of drug use in educational institutions, which greatly affect Ecuadorian society. Its objective is to analyze the guidelines for improving family orientation, and develop appropriate interpersonal relationships that promote family unity, value the principles, and that young people learn to say "no" to a possible proposal to use prohibited drugs, that the only thing that is achieved is to materialize in an unsuitable state before the community, to consider that the consequences for health are devastating, people who at an early age suffer from diseases that in many occasions are very serious, causing discomfort not only their own but also the family. I can mention as contribution of this article; and based on established results that it is essential and important to maintain the assistance of a professional specialized in psychology, scientific and motivational dialogues, together with medical care, will cause the affected person to eradicate drug use. There are many factors that cause great negative influence on families, based on the fact that the world currently lives the trend of consumerism which greatly influences that there is less dialogue at home, the emergence of technology is another of the adverse situations. The professionals responsible for providing family counseling should always consider that the behavior of the human being should be understood from the point of view of their way of thinking, only in this way will a culture be developed that allows families to make the right decisions when forming to their children, which in the future will be evident as useful beings to society. KEYWORDS: drug use; family orientation; moral values.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1810
Author(s):  
Monika Kędzierska-Matysek ◽  
Małgorzata Stryjecka ◽  
Anna Teter ◽  
Piotr Skałecki ◽  
Piotr Domaradzki ◽  
...  

The study compared the content of eight phenolic acids and four flavonoids and the antioxidant activity of six Polish varietal honeys. An attempt was also made to determine the correlations between the antioxidant parameters of the honeys and their polyphenol profile using principal component analysis. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (ABTS) and reduction capacity (FRAP) were determined spectrophotometrically, and the phenolic compounds were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The buckwheat honeys showed the strongest antioxidant activity, most likely because they had the highest concentrations of total phenols, total flavonoids, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid and chrysin. The principal component analysis (PCA) of the data showed significant relationships between the botanic origin of the honey, the total content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids and the antioxidant activity of the six Polish varietal honeys. The strongest, significant correlations were shown for parameters of antioxidant activity and TPC, TFC, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid. Analysis of four principal components (explaining 86.9% of the total variance), as a classification tool, confirmed the distinctiveness of the Polish honeys in terms of their antioxidant activity and content of phenolic compounds.


2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (04) ◽  
pp. 708-724
Author(s):  
ANDREA LAVAZZA ◽  
VITTORIO A. SIRONI

Abstract:The microbiome is proving to be increasingly important for human brain functioning. A series of recent studies have shown that the microbiome influences the central nervous system in various ways, and consequently acts on the psychological well-being of the individual by mediating, among others, the reactions of stress and anxiety. From a specifically neuroethical point of view, according to some scholars, the particular composition of the microbiome—qua microbial community—can have consequences on the traditional idea of human individuality. Another neuroethical aspect concerns the reception of this new knowledge in relation to clinical applications. In fact, attention to the balance of the microbiome—which includes eating behavior, the use of psychobiotics and, in the treatment of certain diseases, the use of fecal microbiota transplantation—may be limited or even prevented by a biased negative attitude. This attitude derives from a prejudice related to everything that has to do with the organic processing of food and, in general, with the human stomach and intestine: the latter have traditionally been regarded as low, dirty, contaminated and opposed to what belongs to the mind and the brain. This biased attitude can lead one to fail to adequately consider the new anthropological conceptions related to the microbiome, resulting in a state of health, both physical and psychological, inferior to what one might have by paying the right attention to the knowledge available today. Shifting from the ubiquitous high-low metaphor (which is synonymous with superior-inferior) to an inside-outside metaphor can thus be a neuroethical strategy to achieve a new and unbiased reception of the discoveries related to the microbiome.


2003 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Takano

Since the emergence of Kayne's (1994) stimulating proposal for an antisymmetric theory of phrase structure and linear order, much work has been devoted to arguing for or against his theory as well as discussing its empirical predictions. As a result, for a number of phenomena involving rightward positioning, such as rightward adjuncts, heavy NP shift, extraposition, postverbal subjects, and postverbal constituents in OV languages, there now exist both an approach consistent with Kayne's theory (the antisymmetric approach) and another not consistent with it (the symmetric approach). In such a situation, it is often difficult to show on empirical grounds that one approach is superior to the other (see Rochemont and Culicover 1997). In what follows, I describe this situation with respect to two well-known phenomena in English: rightward positioning of adjuncts and heavy NP shift. For each of these phenomena, the symmetric and antisymmetric approaches have been proposed, and both approaches can correctly account for the data discussed in previous studies. Here, I examine the approaches from a novel point of view, showing that data involving the licensing of negative polarity items allow us to differentiate them and to decide which is the right one for each of the two empirical domains. Interestingly, the relevant facts lead to different conclusions for the two phenomena. The results have important implications for the antisymmetric view of syntax.


Author(s):  
Chandana Majee ◽  
Rupa Mazumder ◽  
Alka N. Choudhary

Background: Trapa natans L., is annual aquatic plant generally kwon as Water caltrp, Water chest nut belonging to the Trapaceae or Lytraceae family. Trapa natans L is use for the treatment of wide no of diseases without proper standardization. Objective: To give the right pharmacognostical and photochemical information of the Trapanatan L leaves. In this study pharmacognostical investigation of the fresh leaves and powder drug were done to determine the macroscopical, microscopical, quantitative physicochemical and phytochemical property of the drugs. Method: Macroscopical, quantitative and qualitative microscopy, physicochemical evaluation, extractive value, florescence analysis and phytochemical analysis were done according to the WHO guideline. Result: Macroscopical analysis showed that, leaves are greenish to purplish color, rhomboidal shape; alternate, acute, margin is dentate, pinnate venation. Microscopic evaluation showed that leaf is dorsi ventral in nature, upper layer epidermis cells were covered with cuticle layer. Single layer of barrel shape cell were present bellow the upper epidermis layer. Trichomes are generally multicellular. Anomocytic stomata were observed in upper epidermis. From the experiment it was found that methanolic extract give the highest extractive value. Phytochemical analysis gives the evidence for the presence of carbohydrate, alkaloids, glycoside, steroids, flavonoids, tannin, and triterpenoids. Qualitative phytochemical analysis give the evidence for presence of high amount total phenolic content. Conclusion: Different pharmacognostical parameters assessed in this examination help to detection and standardization of Trapa natans L., leaves.


Author(s):  
Michał Bartoszewicz

The article deals with standards of professional preparation of doctors in the scope of speaking and writing Polish. The thesis of the article is that this requirement is one of the elements of professional preparation which is not limited to knowledge but includes specific skills. Defining the threshold of minimum linguistic competence is a subtle matter. The study draws attention to the necessity of pragmatic approach to these requirements to the extent necessary to practice as a doctor or dentist. From the point of view of the doctor’s rights, a lot depends on the procedure of verifying the command of Polish language. Therefore, attention was paid to the jurisprudence of administrative courts in this area.


2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 01021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilgin Şenel ◽  
Mine Şenel ◽  
Gizem Aydemir

One of the most important function of human resources is personnel selection process. This process should be done professionally, in a short time and with minimum cost. After personnel selection process, performance of the hired person is very important for the permanence and success of the company. From this point of view, the aim of this study is to select a personnel among the candidates efficiently, with minimum cost and within a short time in one of the leading companies of Turkey in automotive sector. In order to select the right personnel all criterias which has great impact on blue collar worker selection was decided and these criterias are weighted. From the candidate pool of automotive company, appropriate candidates were selected by using TOPSIS AND ELECTRE method which are multi-criteria decision making methods


2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 1005-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasulkhozha S. Sharafiddinov

The unity of the structure of matter fields with flavor symmetry laws involves that the left-handed neutrino in the field of emission can be converted into a right-handed one and vice versa. These transitions together with classical solutions of the Dirac equation testify in favor of the unidenticality of masses, energies, and momenta of neutrinos of the different components. If we recognize such a difference in masses, energies, and momenta, accepting its ideas about that the left-handed neutrino and the right-handed antineutrino refer to long-lived leptons, and the right-handed neutrino and the left-handed antineutrino are short-lived fermions, we would follow the mathematical logic of the Dirac equation in the presence of the flavor symmetrical mass, energy, and momentum matrices. From their point of view, nature itself separates Minkowski space into left and right spaces concerning a certain middle dynamical line. Thereby, it characterizes any Dirac particle both by left and by right space–time coordinates. It is not excluded therefore that whatever the main purposes each of earlier experiments about sterile neutrinos, namely, about right-handed short-lived neutrinos may serve as the source of facts confirming the existence of a mirror Minkowski space–time.


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