scholarly journals PERTUMBUHAN STEK BATANG GMELINA ARBOREA HASIL KOLEKSI DARI LIMA POPULASI SEBARAN DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Hamdan Adma Adinugraha ◽  
◽  
Dedi Setiadi ◽  
Arnoldus Naibini ◽  
Nyuwito Nyuwito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Size Factor ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Pattern Design ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Growth Ability

his studywas conducted to determine the effect of plant material origin and size of cuttings on the growth ability of Gmelina. arborea stem cuttings in the nursery. The study was arranged in a randomized factorial pattern design, consisting of two factors, namely the length of the cuttings (L1 = 20 cm and L2 = 30 cm) and the cuttings size factor (small diameter class/D1 = <1.25 cm, medium/D2 = 1.25 –2.50 cm and large/D3 => 2.50 cm). Each treatment used 5 stem cuttings and repeated in 3 times, which are grouped based on their origin population namely Bantul/P1, Bogor/P2, Lampung/P3,Bondowoso/P4 and Lombok/P5. The observations showed the survival percentage was 83.12% and the rooting percentage was 78.23% which was influenced by the length and diameter of the stem cuttings. The growth of shoots (number, length and diameter) and the number of shoot nodes and leaf were affected by the interaction of origin of the population and the length and diameter of the stem cuttings.Applying stem cutting method is very potential to produce planting stock of Gmelina arbore. Stem cuttings which has a biger size showed better grow of stem cuttings.

Vegetative Propagation of Woody Ornamentals Through Forcing of Epicormic Shoots

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 503c-503
Author(s):  
Paul H. Henry ◽  
John E. Preece
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Clonal Plant ◽  
Light Regime ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Woody Ornamentals ◽  
Ornamental Tree ◽  
Environmental Light

A propagation method is being developed that allows softwood shoots to be generated from stem sections of dormant woody plant species. These shoots, forced in the greenhouse during the winter, are subsequently collected and processed as softwood stem cuttings to produce clonal plant material. Many species in the nursery industry can only be propagated using softwood cuttings, and this technique allows propagation of these species to be initiated several months earlier than what is typically possible. Current studies involve expanded screening of ornamental tree and shrub species to determine if commercial production using this technique is feasible. Results demonstrate that many species may be propagated using this method, but that some species are more prolific than others with respect to number of softwood shoots produced. Additional studies are currently in progress to determine the environmental (light regime, moisture regime) and cultural (type of media) conditions that are optimal when producing clonal plant material via this technique.

PENGARUH JUMLAH MATA TUNAS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN STEK BATANG TRUBUSAN SUNGKAI (Peronema canescens)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
Indri Elang Mayanti ◽  
Basir Achmad
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Experiment Unit ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The areas of tropical forests in Indonesia always decrease every year, so that efforts are needed to cultivate plants efficiently for the supply of seedlings. Sungkai (Peronema canescens) has good quality wood that can be used for various purposes, either for construction, furniture, plywood or the leaves can be used for medicine. The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth of stem cuttings of sungkai based on the number of latent buds by calculating the root dry weight, bud dry weight, and total dry weight. This study used a factorial complete randomized design. There were two factors studied, namely the number of buds consisting of 2 levels: 2 buds and 1 bud, and the stem split factor. Each treatment was replicated 3 times and each experiment unit used 5 cuttings. The growth of sungkai cuttings in the treatment of two buds had a total dry weight of 170.04 grams, while the treatment of one bud had a total dry weight of 98.30 grams. The results of this study indicated that the more the number of latent buds, the more root and bud growth of cuttings.Keywords: Coppice; Latent buds; Cuttings; Sungkai

scholarly journals Growth Response of Mucuna Cuttings to Concentration and Duration of Soaking Shallot Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Enda Sabda Gentri Sembiring ◽  
Julaili Irni ◽  
Rama Riana Sitinjak ◽  
Bayu Pratomo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Duncan Multiple Range Test ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Range Test

Introduction: This study aims to determine the growth response of Mucuna bracteata cuttings to the concentration and duration of soaking shallot extract. Materials and Methods: This study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors, namely: shallot extract concentration (P) consists of 4 levels, include P0= untreated, P1= 10 ml, P2= 20 ml, P3= 30 ml, meanwhile the soaking time (Q) consists of 4 levels, such as Q0= momentarily dipping, Q1= 15 minutes, Q2= 30 minutes, Q3= 45 minutes. The data was processed by ANOVA and if significant, then further tested with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the rate of 5%. Results: The concentration of shallot extract, soaking time and their interaction had a very significant effect on the survival percentage of Mucuna bracteata D.C. cuttings. The highest survival percentage of cuttings of Mucuna bracteata on the effect of shallot extract concentration and soaking time was obtained in the P0Q0, P0Q1, and P3Q2 treatments after the lid was opened at 4 weeks after planting. In the number of leaves also had significant effect in the interaction of two factors

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Broad Leaf Mustard (BLM) under Different Boron Concentrations in Outdoor Barrel Aquaponics at IAAS, Paklihawa

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
Sabita Gyawali ◽  
Prashant Chaudhary ◽  
Mohan Chaudhary ◽  
Shailesh Gurung ◽  
Rukmagat Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Daily Growth Rate ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Broad Leaf ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Final Harvest

An experiment was conducted at IAAS Paklihawa, Bhairahawa from 6th October 2018 to 15th November 2018 (40 days). An open barrel Aquaponics system with a double factor RCBD type experimental design was used consisting of 3 replications and 2 factors under study. The two factors were boron concentrations (1%, 2% and 3%) and BLM varieties (Marfa Chauda Paat, Manakamana and chinese-430). Marfa Chauda Paat (47.35 gm.) was the highest yielding variety followed by Manakamana (36.42 gm.) and Chinese-430 (26.82 gm.). 1% Boron was found to be the most suitable concentration among the test concentrations for leaf yield. A maximum weight gain of the fish was observed in tank 3 (96.44%) followed by tank 1 (86.26%) and tank 2 (82.18%). An excellent survival percentage of fish was observed as 88.89%, 95.56% and 91.11% in tank 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Similarly, the Average Daily Growth Rate (ADGR) was recorded to be 126.5mg, 91.5mg and 128.25mg in tank 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The Specific Growth Rate (SGR %) was obtained to be 1.26, 1.38 and 1.46 for tank 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Furthermore, final harvest weight of fish was obtained to be 437g, 349.21g and 428.2g in tanks 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 7(3): 359-364  

scholarly journals Life form dynamics of the tree layer in evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest during 1996–2017 in Tianmu Mountains, eastern China

Silva Fennica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Bai ◽  
Shixue You ◽  
Weipeng Ku ◽  
Qilin Dai ◽  
Zhengyi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Recruitment Rate ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Evergreen Species ◽  
The Past

In the forest areas of eastern China, there is a change from forest dominated by deciduous broad-leaved trees to forest dominated by evergreen broad-leaved trees as the latitude or altitude decreases. Different life forms have different survival strategies to deal with climate change, and studying the life form dynamics of the tree layers in the mixed forest in eastern China, with increasing temperature, can help us understand how the forest responds. This study was performed in a 1 ha plot in evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve. Based on the data from two surveys (1996 and 2017), the changes in life form composition and biodiversity over the past 21 years were analyzed. We obtained the following results: (1) The proportion of evergreen trees increased from 55.0% in 1996 to 67.5% in 2017, and the dominance of evergreen species was enhanced. (2) The diversity of both life forms increased, and the tree species were more abundant. (3) The average annual recruitment rate of the evergreen species was 2.1% greater than their mortality rate, and the average annual recruitment rate of the deciduous species was 0.5% less than their mortality rate. (4) The competition among the trees in the small-diameter class (10 cm ≤ DBH < 20 cm) was fierce for many tree species. The proportion of the evergreen species in the small-diameter class was high. The life forms making up the mixed climax forest community has changed over the past 21 years, with the proportion and dominance of evergreen trees increasing significantly.

scholarly journals The Effect Cuttings Part and Planting Media Composition to The Growth Seeds Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis (Web) Britton & Rose)

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-299
Author(s):  
Adli Rifqi Alka Siregar ◽  
Lisa Mawarni ◽  
Chairani Hanum
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Media Composition ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Range Test

The factors affect the success of cuttings is composition of planting media and position of planting materials. The experiment aims to determine response growth dragon fruit seeds on various composition of planting media. It was conducted in the field of research Agriculture Faculty, North Sumatra University, Medan with the height about 32 meters above sea level on April to August 2016. The design used factorial randomized block design with two factors and three repetitions. The first factor is part of the stem cuttings with three variety i.e. bottom stem, center stem, top stem and the second factor is planting media with four variety i.e. sand 100%, sand 50% + sludge 50%, sand 50% + empty palm fruit bunches (EPFB) 50%, sand 50% + sludge 25% + EPFB 25%. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that part of the stem cuttings hasn’t effect to all observation parameters.The best planting media composition is present in the treatment sand 50% + sludge 25% + EPFB 25%. Interaction about both of factors hasn’t effect to all observation parameters.

scholarly journals Taper, Volume, and Weight of Small Black Cherry and Red Maple Trees in West Virginia

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
John R. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
West Virginia ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Black Cherry ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Volume Equations

Abstract Taper, cubic foot volume, and green weight equations to multiple top diameters were developed for the main bole portion of small-diameter black cherry (BC; Prunus serotina Ehrh.) and red maple (RM; Acer rubrum L.) trees in northern West Virginia. Sample trees were selected from the 2- to 5-in.-diameter class and ranged from 30 to 60 ft in total height. Existing published cubic foot volume equations provided estimates from 6 to 40% lower than estimates from the proposed model form, depending on species and tree size. Based on the published weight equations selected for comparison, differences between the estimates from the proposed models and from the published model with the smallest weight difference from a pool of candidate models, total bole green weight was underestimated from 5 to 93% for BC and from 0.4 to 25% for RM, depending on species and tree size.

scholarly journals Frost Crack Incidence in Northern Hardwood Forests of the Southern Boreal–North Temperate Transition Zone

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia I. Burton ◽  
Eric K. Zenner ◽  
Lee E. Frelich
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Small Diameter Trees

Abstract Frost cracks are common in northern hardwood stands near their northern range limits. Although they have long been attributed to the regional climate, temperature fluctuations result in surface cracks largely when internal wounds are present. We examined the relationship between the proportion of trees with frost cracks and both tree-level diameter class and stand structural characteristics in primary stands with a history of minimal logging (n = 4) and 67- to 97-year-old second-growth stands subjected to past heavy partial cuts and high grading (n = 8). We hypothesized that frost crack incidence would (1) be greater in the second-growth stands and (2) be associated with differences in structural attributes between the two stand types. High levels of frost cracking in primary stands indicated that cracks are not completely avoidable. However, the proportion of trees with frost cracks was significantly higher in second-growth than primary stands, particularly on small-diameter trees. For example, the odds for frost cracking were 1.66–3.74 times greater in second-growth than in primary stands in the 15-cm diameter class, but were not different in the 45+-cm diameter class. Frost cracking was positively associated with increasing diameter in both stand types. Structural characteristics reflecting tree size, stand basal area, and basal area of hardwoods were positively associated with the proportion of trees with frost cracks in second-growth stands but not in primary stands. Although the basal area of conifers was negatively associated with frost cracking, the effect was likely due to a reduction in hardwood basal area in the vicinity of conifers. We suggest that greater frost crack incidence in second-growth stands is likely a consequence of injuries to residual trees during selective logging.

Penggunaan Pot Berbahan Dasar Organik untuk PembibitanGmelina arborea Roxb. di Persemaian

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Wilarso Budi ◽  
Andi Sukendro ◽  
Lina Karlinasari
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objectve of this research was to obtain the best materials composition and adhesive of organic pot for forest trees seedling production. Organic pot strength was evaluated by testing the strength of rupture elasticity and elasticity stiffness of each composition. The bioassay testing used Completely Randomized Design with factorial pattern, consisting of two factors, (1) basic raw materials of the pot (used newspaper, litter and compost) and (2) the type of adhesive (control, tanin and starch). The results showed that the adhesive starch gave higher strength, whereas adhesive tannin gave higher stiffness as compared to control. Results of bioassay showed that the mixture (50:50 v/v) of basic materials of used newspaper and compost (KKK) which were glued with tannin, produced the best results for height and diameter increament with the value of 35.85 cm, 0.31 cm respectively and biomass value of 0.99 g after 12 weeks of planting. The highest level of damage in organic pot with basic raw materials KKK without adhesive was 47.6%, whereas lowest level of damage in organic pot with basic raw material used newspaper (KK) with tannin addhesive was 2.0% after 12 weeks in the nursery.Keywords: adhesive, Gmelina arborea,organic pot, organic matter, nursery,

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