scholarly journals S-layer Protein-based Biosensors

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces ◽  
Special Distribution ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Transducer Interface ◽  
Highly Porous ◽  
Fouling Characteristics

The present Feature Paper highlights the application of bacterial surface (S-) layer proteins as versatile components for the fabrication of biosensors. One technologically relevant feature of S‑layer proteins is their ability to self-assemble on many surfaces and interfaces to form a crystalline 2D protein lattice. The S-layer lattice on the surface of a biosensor becomes part of the interface architecture, linking the bioreceptor to the transducer interface, which may cause signal amplification. The S-layer lattice as ultrathin, highly porous structure with functional groups in a well-defined special distribution and orientation and an overall anti-fouling characteristics can significantly raise the limit in terms of variety and ease of bioreceptor immobilization, compactness of bioreceptor molecule arrangement, sensitivity, specificity, and detection limit for many types of biosensors. The present paper discusses and summarizes examples for the successful implementation of S-layer lattices on biosensor surfaces in order to give a comprehensive overview on the application potential of these bioinspired S-layer protein-based biosensors.

Multiobjective Collaborative Optimization

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra V. Tappeta ◽  
John E. Renaud
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Collaborative Optimization ◽  
Multidisciplinary Design ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Multidisciplinary Systems

Abstract This investigation focuses on the development of modifications to the Collaborative Optimization (CO) approach to multidisciplinary systems design, that will provide solution capabilities for multiobjective problems. The primary goal of this research is to provide a comprehensive overview and development of mathematically rigorous optimization strategies for MultiObjective Collaborative Optimization (MOCO). Collaborative Optimization strategies provide design optimization capabilities to discipline designers within a multidisciplinary design environment. To date these CO strategies have primarily been applied to system design problems which have a single objective function. Recent investigations involving multidisciplinary design simulators have reported success in applying CO to multiobjective system design problems. In this research three MultiObjective Collaborative Optimization (MOCO) strategies are developed, reviewed and implemented in a comparative study. The goal of this effort is to provide an in depth comparison of different MOCO strategies available to system designers. Each of the three strategies makes use of parameter sensitivities within multilevel solution strategies. In implementation studies, each of the three MOCO strategies is effective in solving two multiobjective multidisciplinary systems design problems. Results indicate that these MOCO strategies require an accurate estimation of parameter sensitivities for successful implementation. In each of the three MOCO strategies these parameter sensitivities are obtained using post-optimality analysis techniques.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Biosensors Based on S-Layer Proteins

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar Damiati ◽  
Bernhard Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Membranes ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Surfaces And Interfaces ◽  
Small Biomolecules ◽  
Selection Of

Designing and development of electrochemical biosensors enable molecule sensing and quantification of biochemical compositions with multitudinous benefits such as monitoring, detection, and feedback for medical and biotechnological applications. Integrating bioinspired materials and electrochemical techniques promote specific, rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive biosensing platforms for (e.g., point-of-care testing). The selection of biomaterials to decorate a biosensor surface is a critical issue as it strongly affects selectivity and sensitivity. In this context, smart biomaterials with the intrinsic self-assemble capability like bacterial surface (S-) layer proteins are of paramount importance. Indeed, by forming a crystalline two-dimensional protein lattice on many sensors surfaces and interfaces, the S-layer lattice constitutes an immobilization matrix for small biomolecules and lipid membranes and a patterning structure with unsurpassed spatial distribution for sensing elements and bioreceptors. This review aims to highlight on exploiting S-layer proteins in biosensor technology for various applications ranging from detection of metal ions over small organic compounds to cells. Furthermore, enzymes immobilized on the S-layer proteins allow specific detection of several vital biomolecules. The special features of the S-layer protein lattice as part of the sensor architecture enhances surface functionalization and thus may feature an innovative class of electrochemical biosensors.

scholarly journals Development of a prmA genes quantification technique and assessment of the technique’s application potential for oil and gas reservoir exploration

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1172-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Ning ◽  
Ze He ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Miying Yin ◽  
Yaci Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Gas Reservoir ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Propane-oxidizing bacteria in surface soils are often used to indicate the position of oil and gas reservoirs. As a potential replacement for the laborious traditional culture-dependent counting method, we applied real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection as a quick and accurate technology for quantification of propane-oxidizing bacteria. The propane monooxygenase gene was set as the target and the assay is based on SYBR Green I dye. The detection range was from 9.75 × 108 to 9.75 × 101 gene copies/µl, with the lowest detected concentration of 9.75 copies/µl. All coefficient of variation values of the threshold cycle in the reproducibility test were better than 1%. The technique showed good sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. We also quantified the propane-oxidizing bacteria in soils from three vertical 250 cm profiles collected from an oil field, a gas field, and a nonoil gas field using the established technique. The results indicated that the presence of propane monooxygenase A genes in soils can indicate an oil or gas reservoir. Therefore, this technique can satisfy the requirements for microbial exploration of oil and gas.

Multiobjective Collaborative Optimization

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Tappeta ◽  
J. E. Renaud
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Collaborative Optimization ◽  
Multidisciplinary Design ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Multidisciplinary Systems

This investigation focuses on the development of modifications to the Collaborative Optimization (CO) approach to multidisciplinary systems design, that will provide solution capabilities for multiobjective problems. The primary goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview and development of mathematically rigorous optimization strategies for Multiobjective Collaborative Optimization (MOCO). Collaborative Optimization strategies provide design optimization capabilities to discipline designers within a multidisciplinary design environment. To date these CO strategies have primarily been applied to system design problems which have a single objective function. Recent investigations involving multidisciplinary design simulators have reported success in applying CO to multiobjective system design problems. In this research three Multiobjective Collaborative Optimization (MOCO) strategies are developed, reviewed and implemented in a comparative study. The goal of this effort is to provide an in depth comparison of different MOCO strategies available to system designers. Each of the three strategies makes use of parameter sensitivities within multilevel solution strategies. In implementation studies, each of the three MOCO strategies is effective in solving a multiobjective multidisciplinary systems design problem. Results indicate that these MOCO strategies require an accurate estimation of parameter sensitivities for successful implementation. In each of the three MOCO strategies these parameter sensitivities are obtained using post-optimality analysis techniques.

Deposition of Sorption and Photocatalytic Material on Nanofibers and Fabric by Controlled Sublimation

2018 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Dvorsky ◽  
Ladislav Svoboda ◽  
Jiří Bednář ◽  
Pavel Mančík ◽  
Dalibor Matýsek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silica Gel ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Photocatalytic Material ◽  
Porous Silicate ◽  
Highly Porous ◽  
High Application

This paper presents a new method of deposition of photocatalytic sorbent on nanofibers. This deposition uses controlled sublimation of water molecules from the vacuum-gel that is patent-protected. Silica gel nanostructures are precipitated by heterogeneous nucleation on the surface of nanofibres from an aqueous suspension of silicate nanoparticles and semiconductor carbon nitride (C3N4) or graphene nanosheets. After rapid solidification of gel (at least 104K/s), the nanofibers coated with the silica gel dispersion C3N4, or graphene are subjected to controlled sublimation at – 41 °C. This technology produced a nanofibrous material, which is stably coated with a highly porous silicate sorbent including dispersed photocatalytic nanoparticles. This textile material has a total sorption surface area of the order of hundreds m2/g. Unlike conventional sorbents, it is capable due to dispersed photocatalytic nanoparticles to regenerate sorption capacity by the absorption of visible light. The results of the preliminary research confirmed the high application potential of new controlled sublimation technology in the production of regenerable photocatalytic sorption fabrics.

scholarly journals Frontiers of Robotic Gastroscopy: A Comprehensive Review of Robotic Gastroscopes and Technologies

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Marlicz ◽  
Xuyang Ren ◽  
Alexander Robertson ◽  
Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka ◽  
Igor Łoniewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning Curves ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Technology Readiness Level ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Detailed List ◽  
And Performance

Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract pathology is common worldwide. With recent advancements in robotics, innovative diagnostic and treatment devices have been developed and several translational attempts made. This review paper aims to provide a highly pictorial critical review of robotic gastroscopes, so that clinicians and researchers can obtain a swift and comprehensive overview of key technologies and challenges. Therefore, the paper presents robotic gastroscopes, either commercial or at a progressed technology readiness level. Among them, we show tethered and wireless gastroscopes, as well as devices aimed for UGI surgery. The technological features of these instruments, as well as their clinical adoption and performance, are described and compared. Although the existing endoscopic devices have thus far provided substantial improvements in the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment, there are certain aspects that represent unwavering predicaments of the current gastroenterology practice. A detailed list includes difficulties and risks, such as transmission of communicable diseases (e.g., COVID-19) due to the doctor–patient proximity, unchanged learning curves, variable detection rates, procedure-related adverse events, endoscopists’ and nurses’ burnouts, limited human and/or material resources, and patients’ preferences to choose non-invasive options that further interfere with the successful implementation and adoption of routine screening. The combination of robotics and artificial intelligence, as well as remote telehealth endoscopy services, are also discussed, as viable solutions to improve existing platforms for diagnosis and treatment are emerging.

scholarly journals A Review of the Polymer for Cryogenic Application: Methods, Mechanisms and Perspectives

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Duo Chen ◽  
Juanzi Li ◽  
Yuhuan Yuan ◽  
Chang Gao ◽  
Yunguang Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Oxygen ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Thermoplastic Polymers ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Cryogenic Application

Recently, the application of polymer-based composites at cryogenic conditions has become a hot topic, especially in aerospace fields. At cryogenic temperature, the polymer becomes more brittle, and the adverse effect of thermal stress induced by temperature is more remarkable. In this paper, the research development of thermoset and thermoplastic polymers for cryogenic applications are all reviewed. This review considers the literature concerning: (a) the cryogenic performance of modified thermoset polymers and the improving mechanisms of the reported modification methods; (b) the cryogenic application potential of some commercial thermoplastic polymers and the cryogenic performance of modified thermoplastic polymers; (c) the recent advance in the use of polymer for special cryogenic environment-liquid oxygen. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the research development of the polymer for cryogenic application. Moreover, future research directions have been proposed to facilitate its practical applications in aerospace.

scholarly journals Attitudes Toward Robots as Equipment and Coworkers and the Impact of Robot Autonomy Level

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Latikka ◽  
Nina Savela ◽  
Aki Koivula ◽  
Atte Oksanen
Keyword(s):  
Technology Use ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Autonomous Robots ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
The United States ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIncreasingly, people must interact with robot technologies. In this research, we examined attitudes toward robots as equipment and as coworkers and whether these attitudes are affected by the autonomy of the robot among participants living in the United States (Study 1: N = 1003; Study 2: N = 969). Study 1 revealed that respondents had a more positive attitude toward robots as equipment than as coworkers. Technology use self-efficacy and prior robot use experience were associated with more positive attitudes toward both robot positions. Having a degree in engineering or technology was associated with a positive attitude toward robot coworkers, while neuroticism was associated with a negative attitude. Additionally, technology use self-efficacy was found to have a significant indirect effect on the associations between openness and attitudes toward robots as well as conscientiousness and attitudes toward robots. In Study 2, a three-group online survey experiment showed that teleoperated robots and semi-autonomous robots were preferred as equipment over fully autonomous robots. The robots’ autonomy level did not impact attitude toward robot coworkers. Overall, the results suggest that people prefer non-autonomous robots over autonomous robots in the work-life context. The studies provide a comprehensive overview of attitudes toward robots as both equipment and coworkers, and the key predictors of the noted attitudes. The results suggest a readiness for shared autonomy between a human operator and a robot. This should be considered in the design and successful implementation of new robot technologies in workplaces.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional DNA tweezers serve as modular DNA intelligent machines for detection and regulation of intracellular microRNA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. eabb0695
Author(s):  
Lin Zhou ◽  
Mingxuan Gao ◽  
Weiling Fu ◽  
Yunxia Wang ◽  
Dan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Regulated Expression ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as novel biological targets are hardly applied in diagnostic and treatment of diseases, as they are difficult to be accurately detected and regulated. Here, we demonstrated a modular DNA intelligent machine named three-dimensional tweezers (TD-tweezers) to image and regulate miRNAs in living cells simultaneously. Fluorophore or miRNA inhibitors are introduced as detecting or regulating parts to construct different types of TD-tweezers, and the conformational state of TD-tweezers is controlled by the target miRNAs. The TD-tweezers exhibit excellent sensitivity, specificity, stability, and biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo, and their function of regulating miRNAs was confirmed by the up-regulated expression of downstream genes and proteins. Moreover, the TD-tweezers have been tested in whole blood, preliminarily verifying their clinical application potential. This design provides a multifunctional platform that can achieve efficient detection and regulation of targets within living cells and promote the development of DNA intelligent machines.

scholarly journals “They can speak English, but they don’t want to use it.” Teaching Contents through English in a Bilingual School and Policy Recommendations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirul Mukminin ◽  
Siti Sari ◽  
Eddy Haryanto ◽  
Akhmad Habibi ◽  
Marzul Hidayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Student Assessment ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Admission Policy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Medium Of Instruction ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Language Of Instruction ◽  
Bilingual School ◽  
Depth Interviews

The growing need for English as a key to global communication, relations, and information, is noticeable in schools around the world. In response to these imperatives of global competitiveness, one of the private bilingual schools in Indonesia has adopted English as a medium of instruction (EMI). The aim of this study was to explore the implementation of English as a language of instruction in a bilingual school in teaching contents in one private bilingual school in Jambi City, Indonesia. The data were collected through demographic profiles, documents, and semi-structured in-depth interviews. The documents were used to find out the comprehensive overview of the bilingual education program while the in-depth interviews were used to ask participants to narrate their accounts and perspectives on the use of English as the medium of instruction at a micro (classroom) level. Overall, the findings of this study revealed that the successful implementation of English as a language of instruction in a bilingual school were interrelatedly challenged by teachers’ attitude and ability to use English, language policy, teaching materials, students’ English proficiency, curriculum, student assessment, and admission policy. Implications and suggestions for future research are also discussed.

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