scholarly journals Preparation of Renewable Bio-Polyols from Two Species of Colliguaja for Rigid Polyurethane Foams

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Abril-Milán ◽  
Oscar Valdés ◽  
Yaneris Mirabal-Gallardo ◽  
Alexander F. de la Torre ◽  
Carlos Bustamante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Value ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydroxyl Number ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Single Step Reaction

In this study we investigated the potential of two non-edible oil extracts from seeds of Colliguaya Integerrima (CIO) and Colliguaja Salicifolia (CSO) to use as a renewable source for polyols and eventually polyurethane foams or biodiesel. For this purpose, two novel polyols from the aforementioned oils were obtained in a one-single step reaction using a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid. The polyol derivatives obtained from the two studied oils were characterized by spectral (FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR), physico-chemical (e.g. chromatographic analysis, acid value, oxidizability values, iodine value, peroxide value, saponification number, kinematic viscosity, theorical molecular weights, density, hydroxyl number and hydroxyl functionality) and thermal (TGA) analyses according to standard methods. Physico-chemical results revealed that all parameters, with the exception of the iodine value, were higher for bio-polyols (CSP and CIP polyols) compared to the starting oils. The NMR, TGA and FT-IR analyses demonstrated the formation of polyols. Finally, the OH functionality values for CIP and CSP polyols were 4.50 and 5.00, respectively. This result indicated the possible used of CIP and CSP polyols as a raw material for the preparation of polyurethane rigid foams.

scholarly journals Preparation of Renewable Bio-Polyols from Two Species of Colliguaja for Rigid Polyurethane Foams

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Abril-Milán ◽  
Oscar Valdés ◽  
Yaneris Mirabal-Gallardo ◽  
Alexander F. de la Torre ◽  
Carlos Bustamante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Value ◽  
Chromatographic Analysis ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydroxyl Number ◽  
Single Step Reaction

In this study, we investigated the potential of two non-edible oil extracts from seeds of Colliguaja integerrima (CIO) and Colliguaja salicifolia (CSO) to use as a renewable source for polyols and, eventually, polyurethane foams or biodiesel. For this purpose, two novel polyols from the aforementioned oils were obtained in a one-single step reaction using a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid. The polyol derivatives obtained from the two studied oils were characterized by spectral (FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR), physicochemical (e.g., chromatographic analysis, acid value, oxidizability values, iodine value, peroxide value, saponification number, kinematic viscosity, density, theorical molecular weight, hydroxyl number, and hydroxyl functionality) and thermal (TGA) analyses according to standard methods. Physicochemical results revealed that all parameters, with the exception of the iodine value, were higher for bio-polyols (CSP and CIP) compared to the starting oils. The NMR, TGA, and FTIR analyses demonstrated the formation of polyols. Finally, the OH functionality values for CIP and CSP were 4.50 and 5.00, respectively. This result indicated the possible used of CIP and CSP as a raw material for the preparation of polyurethane rigid foams.

scholarly journals Extraction, Charaterization and Preparation of Soap from Legenaria siceraria Seed Oil

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Williams Nashuka Kaigama ◽  
Abu Emmanuel Benjamin ◽  
Ibrahim Usman ◽  
Thankgod Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Foam Height ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Saponification Value ◽  
Physico Chemical

Due to the high demand for vegetable oil by soap industries, the quest for alternative raw material is on the increase. In this study, vegetable oil was extracted from the underutilise seeds of Lagenaria siceraria using n-hexane; The Physico-chemical properties of the oil were analysed: iodine value 65 Ig/100 g, acid value 2.50 mg/KOH/g, saponification value 256 mgKOH/g, pH 6.20, specific gravity 0.902, the refractive index of 1.47 and oil yield 52%. The properties of the oil were compared with oil extracted from other sources. The properties of the oil suggest it can use for both commercial and industrial purposes. The extracted oil was then used to prepared soap and its properties were compared with the properties of soaps prepared from other oils. The physicochemical parameters of the prepared soaps which include foam height, hardness, pH and cleansing power were evaluated. The soap made from Lagenaria siceraria seeds oil has foam height of 2.0 cm lower than palm kernel oil (2.1 cm) and higher than soya beans (0.55 cm). Soap made from Lagenaria siceraria seed oil has an appreciable degree of hardness and good cleansing power compared to soaps prepared from other oils. The pH of all the soaps prepared is within the standard of the regulating agency in Nigeria. From the result obtained, it shows the underutilised Lagenaria siceraria seed oil can use as an alternative raw material in the commercial production of soap.

scholarly journals PENGARUH WAKTU POLIMERISASI PADA PROSES PEMBUATAN POLIESTER DARI ASAM LEMAK SAWIT DISTILAT (ALSD)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Ahmad Rozi Tanjung ◽  
Ida Ayuningrum ◽  
Renita Manurung
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Reactant Ratio ◽  
Palm Fatty Acid Distillate

Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) can be used as raw material for synthesis polyester. The aim of this research is to synthesis of polyester and to determine the effect of reaction time on  polymerization methyl ester PFAD. The esterification stage was done at temperature 70oC, reactiontime 120 minute, reactant ratio 1:8 (PFAD:methanol), concentration of catalyst (H2SO4) 1% (w/w) PFAD;polymerization stage was done at temperature 126-132°C, concentration ofcatalyst (BF3-diethyl etherate) 9.2 % (w/w), variation of polymerization reaction time3, 4, and 5 hours; and polyesterification stage was done at temperature 175-200 oC,reactant ratios (w/w) 1:1 (polymerized ME : ethylene glycol), reaction time 4 hours and all ofstage was stirred at 150 rpm. The results showed, in the esterification stage wasobtained methyl ester with iodine value 77.29 g I2/100 g, viscosity 6.90 cP,density 859.91 kg/m3 and analysis byusing GC-MS showed that the purity of methyl ester was 82.23% andmolecular weight 267.97 g/mol. Decreasing in iodine value from 77.294 I2 g/100 g to 63.45-61.14 gI2/100 g indicated that the polymerization process had takenplace. In polyesterification stage wasobtained gel polyester, viscous, dark brown colored solid at room temperature with acid value from13.13 to 21.65 mg KOH/g, viscosity from 14.3 to 19.1 P, and molecular weight 995.03 to 1,522.07g/mol which is more suitable for application of modified polyester. Analysis by using GC showed that the purity of polyester is equal to 65.49%.

scholarly journals QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF CASSIA SIEBERIANA L.SEED OIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
A. A. Warra
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Peroxide Value ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Saponification Value ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus

Oil was extracted from the seed of Cassia sieberiana Lusing soxhlet apparatus. The oil yield was 9.26±0.01% and the colour of the seed oil was dark yellow. The results of the physico-chemical analysis revealed the following; acid value, iodine value, saponification value, peroxide value, relative density and refractive index of 0.35±0.01 mgKOH/g , 135.60 ±0.10 gI2/100g, 235.62 ±0.01 mgKOH/g, 1.8 ±0.10meq H2O2 , 0.8185±0.00 (g/cm3) and 1.4415 ±5.77 respectively indicating the suitability of the seed oil for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.

scholarly journals Suberinic Acids as a Potential Feedstock for Polyol Synthesis: Separation and Characterization

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4380
Author(s):  
Janis Rizikovs ◽  
Daniela Godina ◽  
Raimonds Makars ◽  
Aigars Paze ◽  
Arnis Abolins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Value ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Polyol Synthesis ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Hydroxyl Number ◽  
Outer Bark ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Pu Foam

Global sustainability challenges prompt the world to modify its strategies and shift from a fossil-fuel-based economy to a bio-resources-based one and to the production of renewable biomass chemicals. Depolymerized suberinic acids (SA) were considered as an alternative resource to develop bio-polyols that can be further used in polyurethane (PU) material production. Birch (Betula pendula) outer bark was used as a raw material to obtain the SA, extracted with ethanol, and depolymerized with potassium hydroxide ethanol solution. By acidifying the filtrate to pH 5.0, 3.0, and 1.0 and drying it at 50 °C and 130 °C, 12 different SA potential feedstocks were obtained and characterized using chemical (total phenolics content, solubility in DMSO, acid, hydroxyl, and saponification number) and instrumental analytical methods (GC-MS, SEC-RID, DSC, and FTIR). Several bio-polyols were synthesized from the SA sample acidified to pH 1 and dried at 130 °C. Acid number and hydroxyl number values, the apparent viscosity and moisture content were measured. It was concluded that SA have a high enough saponification and acid value to investigate the polyol synthesis route via the esterification reaction. Moreover, SA had OH groups in their structure, which can be exploited for PU material development. The majority of SA compounds had relatively low molecular weight with <1300 Da that are suited for bio-polyol synthesis applied for rigid PU foam development. The synthesized bio-polyols had high hydroxyl number values necessary for bio-polyols to be used for rigid PU foam production.

Physico-chemical Analysis of Tangashree Ghrita

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asha F. Hosur ◽  
Mamatha K. V. ◽  
Veena B. Kupati
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Saponification Value ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Studies

Quality of the drug is basic need of the era, Analytical tests are helpful to overcome the impurity or substandard of drugs. By following these tests we can ensure the qualities of drugs and promise the good result in treating the disease. Materials and methods: Physico‐chemical studies like Refractive index, Acid value, Saponification value, Iodine value and moisture content were carried out as per the WHO guidelines, Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia and Indian Pharmacopoeia. Conclusion: Standardization tests done on Tangashri Ghrita are useful in authentication and ensuring the quality of the same.

scholarly journals Correlations between some physico-chemical properties of sunflower oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Anişoara-Arleziana Neagu ◽  
Irina Niţă ◽  
Elisabeta Botez
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Saponification Value ◽  
Physico Chemical

Abstract The major objective of this study is to report physico-chemical properties of sunflower oil samples collected from different stages of the technological process for sunflower oil refining for food industry. The samples of oil were crude oil, washed oil, bleached oil and deodorized oil. The physico-chemical properties of sunflower oil experimentally determined were density, saponification value (SV), iodine value (IV), and acid value (AV). It was found that the density of sunflower oil remains approximately constant over the different stages of the manufacturing flow of cooking oil, except the crude oil. The acid value significantly decreases from crude oil (2.588) to deodorized oil (0.366). The iodine value and saponification value of the different samples of the sunflower oil corresponding to different stages of oil processing varies slightly. The capacity of different models to accurately correlate and/or predict the density of vegetable oil was tested. The density of sunflower oil can be accurately estimated from its SV and IV or with an empirical equation, when density data are available.

Investigation on the Chemical and Physical Properties of Vegetable Oil-Based Polyols for their Potential Application as Asphalt Rejuvenators

2016 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 556-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Nciri ◽  
Jeong Hyun Kim ◽  
Nam Ho Kim ◽  
Nam Jun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
C Nmr

Up to date, no extravagant attempts have been made to use the vegetable oil-based polyols as rejuvenator agents for aged asphalts. In this context, the nature and composition of these biodegradable products need to be identified and physicochemical properties of different nature of compounds need to be measured. Three different vegetable oil-based polyols designed as castor oil polyol, soybean flexible polyol, and soybean rigid polyol were characterized by FT-IR, TLC-FID, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR and by the determination of some usual characteristics such as acid value, hydroxyl value, iodine value, and viscosity. It is speculated that the soybean flexible polyol may serve as a potential rejuvenator for aged asphalts.

Morpho-Structural and Chemical Composition Properties of PVP-Capped ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized via a Simple-Polyol Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Gregorio Flores-Carrasco ◽  
J.R. Mora ◽  
R. Ramírez ◽  
Carlos Bueno ◽  
Salvador Alcántara-Iniesta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Polyol Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Precursor Synthesis ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Composition Properties ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

In this work, we report on the processing of PVP-capped ZnO nanoparticles employing a simple-polyol method, varying only the molar concentration (0.01 and 0.1 M) of Zn(CH3COO)2•2H2O used as zinc precursor. Synthesis is performed using ethylene glycol (EG) as solvent and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as capping agent. Physico-chemical characteristics of the as-synthesized particles were studied by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). SEM micrographs revealed formation of quasi-spherical secondary particles formed by aggregation of primary nanosized subunits crystallized from 0.01 M precursor. When precursor with a higher concentration is used, no aggregation occurs and only tiny primary particles in the nanosized range are obtained. XRD confirmed that ZnO nanoparticles have the hexagonal wurtzite-type structure. SEM, EDS and FT-IR showed that applied route produced ZnO nanoparticles with functionalized surface. Presented results imply clear dependence of the particles morphology and size from precursor concentration which could be used for rapid, continuous, single-step preparation of PVP-capped ZnO nanoparticles tailored in accordance to application demands.

scholarly journals EXTRACTION AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETER ANALYSIS OF DESERT DATE (Balanite aegyptiaca) OIL FROM DUTSIN-MA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-413
Author(s):  
Kamaluddeen Suleiman Kabo ◽  
Tijjani Ali ◽  
Abiodun B. Ogbesejana
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Value ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Saponification Value ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Parameters Analysis

Desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca) is perennial plant with a variety of application in vegetable oil, food preparation, condiment and medicine. This work covers extraction and physico-chemical parameters analysis: acid value, iodine value and saponification value of Balanite aegyptiaca seed oil samples obtainable at Dutsin-Ma Area, Katsina State. Soxhlet extraction method was used in order to extract oil from the samples followed by its analysis according to standard protocols. The result shows that the seeds have high oil content, percent yield of 39.58% with the density of 0.91 g/cm3, acid value 2.66, iodine value 98.74 g/100g, saponification value of 186.5 mgKOH/g and low moisture content of 2.6% was obtained. This shows that the seeds of Balanite aegyptiaca oil of Dutsin-Ma local area have high oil yield and good qualities making it suitable for use in a variety of applications to improve its value chain

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