scholarly journals Stag Beetle Elytra: Localized Shape-Retaining, Puncture and Wear-Resistant

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshminath Kundanati ◽  
Roberto Guarino ◽  
Nicola M. Pugno
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Modulus Ratio ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Puncture Resistance ◽  
Beetle Elytra

Beetles are by far one of the most successful and diverse insect species. A part of this success is attributed to their elytra which provide various functions such as protection to their bodies from mechanical forces and the harmful environmental factors. In this study, Stag beetle (Lucanus cervus) elytra were first examined for their overall flexural properties and were observed to have a localized shape retaining snap-through mechanism which could play a crucial role in energy absorption, e.g. during battles and falls from heights. The snap-through mechanism was validated using theoretical calculations and also finite element simulations. Elytra were also characterized to examine their puncture and wear resistance. Our results show that elytra resisted puncture up to a force of 1.8±0.4 N and have puncture resistance compared to that of commercially available puncture resistant gloves. The measured values of modulus and hardness of elytra exocuticle were 10.3±0.8 GPa and 0.7±0.1 GPa. Using the hardness to modulus ratio as an indicator of wear resistance, the estimated value was observed to be in the range of wear resistant biological materials. Thus, our study demonstrates different mechanical properties of the stag beetle elytra which can be explored to design shape retaining bio-inspired composites with enhanced puncture and wear resistance.

scholarly journals Stag Beetle Elytra: Localized Shape Retention and Puncture/Wear Resistance

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
Lakshminath Kundanati ◽  
Roberto Guarino ◽  
Nicola M. Pugno
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Modulus Ratio ◽  
Puncture Resistance ◽  
Beetle Elytra ◽  
Shape Retention

Beetles are by far one of the most successful groups of insects, with large diversity in terms of number of species. A part of this success is attributed to their elytra, which provide various functions such as protection to their bodies from mechanical forces. In this study, stag beetle (Lucanus cervus) elytra were first examined for their overall flexural properties and were observed to have a localized shape-retaining snap-through mechanism, which may play a possible role in partly absorbing impact energy, e.g., during battles and falls from heights. The snap-through mechanism was validated using theoretical calculations and also finite element simulations. Elytra were also characterized to examine their puncture and wear resistance. Our results show that elytra have a puncture resistance that is much higher than that of mandible bites. The measured values of modulus and hardness of elytra exocuticle were 10.3 ± 0.8 GPa and 0.7 ± 0.1 GPa, respectively. Using the hardness-to-modulus ratio as an indicator of wear resistance, the estimated value was observed to be in the range of wear-resistant biological material such as blood worms (Glyrcera dibranchiata). Thus, our study demonstrates different mechanical properties of the stag beetle elytra, which can be explored to design shape-retaining bio-inspired composites with enhanced puncture and wear resistance.

Analysis of Wear-Resistant Materials of Mixer - Pneumosuperchargers Blades Operating under Conditions of Abrasive Wear

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 893-898
Author(s):  
Natalya Gabelchenko ◽  
Artem Belov ◽  
Artem Kravchenko ◽  
Oleg Kryuchkov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Abrasive Medium ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Comparative Tests ◽  
Before And After ◽  
110G13l Steel

We conducted comparative tests of the wear resistance of metals operating under abrasive conditions. Samples were cut from the working parts of mixer-pneumosuperchargers. The chemical composition and mechanical properties were determined. To compare samples under abrasive wear conditions, we designed and assembled a carousel installation. The principle of its operation is based on mixing the abrasive medium by the samples being studied with a given speed. Wear resistance was evaluated by weight loss by samples after several test cycles. To determine changes in the structure of the metal during abrasive wear, metallographic studies of the samples were carried out before and after the tests. It is shown that the best complex of service and mechanical properties is possessed by 110G13L steel.

A Comparison of the Tribo-Mechanical Properties of a Wear Resistant Cobalt-Based Alloy Produced by Different Manufacturing Processes

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Yu ◽  
R. Ahmed ◽  
H. de Villiers Lovelock
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Sliding Wear ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
The Impact

This paper aims to compare the tribo-mechanical properties and structure–property relationships of a wear resistant cobalt-based alloy produced via two different manufacturing routes, namely sand casting and powder consolidation by hot isostatic pressing (HIPing). The alloy had a nominal wt % composition of Co–33Cr–17.5W–2.5C, which is similar to the composition of commercially available Stellite 20 alloy. The high tungsten and carbon contents provide resistance to severe abrasive and sliding wear. However, the coarse carbide structure of the cast alloy also gives rise to brittleness. Hence this research was conducted to comprehend if the carbide refinement and corresponding changes in the microstructure, caused by changing the processing route to HIPing, could provide additional merits in the tribo-mechanical performance of this alloy. The HIPed alloy possessed a much finer microstructure than the cast alloy. Both alloys had similar hardness, but the impact resistance of the HIPed alloy was an order of magnitude higher than the cast counterpart. Despite similar abrasive and sliding wear resistance of both alloys, their main wear mechanisms were different due to their different carbide morphologies. Brittle fracture of the carbides and ploughing of the matrix were the main wear mechanisms for the cast alloy, whereas ploughing and carbide pullout were the dominant wear mechanisms for the HIPed alloy. The HIPed alloy showed significant improvement in contact fatigue performance, indicating its superior impact and fatigue resistance without compromising the hardness and sliding∕abrasive wear resistance, which makes it suitable for relatively higher stress applications.

Mechanical Properties of Anti-Infectious, Bio-Active and Wear Resistant Ceramic Implant Surface Coatings

2008 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Fritsche ◽  
Frank Heidenau ◽  
Hans Georg Neumann ◽  
Wolfram Mittelmeier ◽  
Rainer Bader
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Total Wear ◽  
Implant Coatings

Implant failure due to aseptic loosening is a major complication in total hip arthroplasty. Different implant coatings aim to reduce the risk of implant loosening by anti-infectious, bio-active or wear resistant approaches. The mechanical properties, especially bonding strength and wear resistance, of a Cu-TiO2, CaP and TiN coating were investigated in this study. A scratch test and a standard adhesive test were used to determine the bonding strength of the coatings. To analyse the wear resistance a modified special testing machine was used to evaluate wear with PU-foam and PMMA as counterparts. The investigations showed that all coatings have greater bonding strengths than the minimum required 22 N/mm2 for medical implant coatings. Significant differences in total wear were determined during the wear tests. With the exception of the CaP no removal of the coatings was detected.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Performances for Wear-Resistant Steel through the WAAM Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Meng Ying ◽  
Chun Guo ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Tai Yu Kang ◽  
Wu Meng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Resistant Steel ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Wear Resistant ◽  
Metallurgical Bonding ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

This work describes the wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) approach used to fabricate parts from wear-resistant steel. The microstructure, crystal structures, and mechanical properties of the resulting samples were thoroughly analyzed. The wear-resistant steel parts demonstrated good forming, no internal defects, good metallurgical bonding, and excellent wear resistance. The metallographic analysis confirmed that the main phase was ferrite. The microhardness of the sample along its cross section was uniform in both horizontal and vertical directions and equals to 464.7HV0.2 and 482.4 HV0.2, respectively. The average values of tensile strength, elongation ratio, and room temperature Charpy shock were equal to 945.3 MPa, 4.3%, and 5 J, respectively.

Evolving the Banded Radial Tire

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Markow
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Finite Element Modeling ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Radial Tire ◽  
Puncture Resistance ◽  
Element Modeling

Abstract Development of the banded radial tire is discussed. A major contribution of this tire design is a reliable run-flat capability over distances exceeding 160 km (100 mi). Experimental tire designs and materials are considered; a brief theoretical discussion of the mechanics of operation is given based on initial two-dimensional studies and later on more complete finite element modeling. Results of laboratory tests for cornering, rolling resistance, and braking are presented. Low rolling resistance, good cornering and braking properties, and low tread wear rate along with good puncture resistance are among the advantages of the banded radial tire designs.

REYNOLDS 390 and A390

Alloy Digest ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Silicon Alloys ◽  
Aluminum Silicon Alloys ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract REYNOLDS 390 and A390 are hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloys having excellent wear resistance coupled with good mechanical properties, high hardness, and low coefficients of expansion. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fatigue. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as casting, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: Al-203. Producer or source: Reynolds Metals Company.

SWEBOR 400

Alloy Digest ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Strength Steel ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Great Strength ◽  
Wear Resistant

Abstract Swebor 400 (hardness 400 HBW) is a high-strength steel with good wear resistant qualities. This alloy is used to endure conditions of extra-heavy wear and when great strength and good weldability is required. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, tensile properties, and bend strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on wear resistance as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CS-181. Producer or source: Swebor Stål Svenska AB.

RUUKKI RAEX 300

Alloy Digest ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Wear Resistant

Abstract RUUKKI RAEX 300 (typical yield strength 900 MPa) is part of the Raex family of high-strength and wear-resistant steels with favorable hardness and impact toughness to extend life and decrease wear in structural components. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on wear resistance as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-643. Producer or source: Rautaruukki Corporation.

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