Chemical Variation and Implications on Repellecy Activity of Tephrosia vogelii (Hook f.) Essential Oils Against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky

Chemical variability in the components of T. vogelii essential oils from eastern Uganda was identified using principal component analysis (PCA) and Agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). Based on the profiles of the compounds of farnesene family three chemotypes were found: farnesol (chemotype 1), springene (β- Springene and α-Springene) and the β-Farnesene were distinctive in chemotype 2 and a mixed variety of farnesol and the Springene. In the three cases, alkybenzenes; o-xylene, m-xylene and ethylbenzene were significant components in the oil. 1,4-dihydroxy-p-menth-2-ene, 5,9-undecadien-2-one, 6,10-dimethyl, and 3-cyclohexen-1-carboxaldehyde,3,4-dimethyl were other prominent constituents. The yields of the essential oils did not vary significantly however the chemical composition varied with harvesting time during the rainy and dry seasons. In choice repellency tests, chemotype 1 and chemotype 2 were more active against Sitophilus zeamais than mixed chemotype. Farnesol was found to be effective only at a higher concentration as a repellent against S. zeamais. However, further study that aims to optimize and standardize the varieties and harvesting period needed for recommendation to smallhold farmers.

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Chemical Variation and Implications on Repellency Activity of Tephrosia vogelii (Hook f.) Essential Oils Against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10050164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 164

Author(s):

Nasifu Kerebba ◽

Adebola O. Oyedeji ◽

Robert Byamukama ◽

Simon K. Kuria ◽

Opeoluwa O. Oyedeji

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Principal Component ◽

Sitophilus Zeamais ◽

Chemical Variability ◽

Tephrosia Vogelii ◽

Dry Seasons ◽

Alkyl Benzenes ◽

Eastern Uganda ◽

Repellency Activity

The aim of this research is to characterize the variation in the chemical composition of Tephrosia vogelii essential oils from different locations and to investigate the repellency of essential oils against Sitophilus zeamais. Chemical variability in the components of T. vogelii essential oils from eastern Uganda was identified using principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). Based on the profiles of the compounds of the farnesene family, three chemotypes were found: farnesol (chemotype 1), springene (β-springene and α-springene) and β-farnesene were all distinctive in chemotype 2 and a mixed variety of farnesol and springene. In the three cases, alkyl benzenes (o-xylene, m-xylene and ethylbenzene) were significant components in the oil. The compounds 1,4-dihydroxy-p-menth-2-ene, 6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one, and 3,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxaldehyde were other prominent constituents. The yields of the essential oils did not vary significantly, however the chemical composition varied with harvesting time during the rainy and dry seasons. In choice repellency tests, chemotype 1 and chemotype 2 were more active against Sitophilus zeamais than the mixed chemotype. Farnesol was found to be effective only at a higher concentration as a repellent against S. zeamais. We therefore hypothesize that farnesol is a key player in this and we demonstrated the weak repellency of this compound. However, further study that aims to optimize and standardize the varieties and harvesting period is needed for recommendation to smallhold farmers.

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Potentially Effective and Safe Anti-Helicobacter pylori Natural Products: Chemometric Study

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.20.6.8192 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

pp. 267-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Branislava D. Kocic ◽

Dobrila M. Stankovic Dordevic ◽

Marija V. Dimitrijevic ◽

Marija S. Markovic ◽

Dragoljub L. Miladinovic

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Natural Products ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Principal Component ◽

Synergistic Activity ◽

Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

H Pylori

The susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to three essential oils (EOs), 12 naturally occurring monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated and phenolic monoterpenes and three reference antibiotics were studied. Classification and comparison of essential oils and monoterpenes on the basis of their chemical composition and antibacterial activity were made by the utilization of principal component analyses (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). The most abundant compound in the Thymus glabrescens Willd. and Thymus pulegioides L. EOs is geraniol (33.8% and 52.5%), while the main constituent in Satureja kitaibelii Wierzb. ex Heuff. EO is limonene (16,1%). The compound that was the most active against H. pylori was carvacrol. EOs of T. glabrescens and S. kitaibelii exhibit higher antibacterial ability in comparison with all monoterpenes, except carvacrol, probably based on the concept of synergistic activity of essential oil components. PCA separated essential oils based on chemical composition and explain 96.5% of the total variance in the first two principal components. Essential oils, phenolic monoterpenes and two antibiotics were classified in the same sub-cluster within AHC analyses. EOs of T. glabrescens and S. kitaibelii can be used to treat infections caused by H. pylori, as a potentially effective, cheap and safe natural products. Further research of antibacterial activity of selected monoterpenes, essential oils and standard antibiotic combinations, as well as clinical study are required.

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Variability in the Chemical Composition of Eugenia biflora Essential Oils from the Brazilian Amazon

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x19892439 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X1989243

Author(s):

Pablo Luis B. Figueiredo ◽

Henryck A. Fernandes ◽

Alberto Ray C. da Silva ◽

Nayara Sabrina F. Alves ◽

William N. Setzer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Principal Component ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Economic Potential ◽

Caryophyllene Oxide ◽

North Brazil ◽

Chemical Variability ◽

First Time

Eugenia species are well known for their great economic potential as edible fruits. The leaves of 4 Eugenia biflora specimens (Ebi-1 to Ebi-4) were sampled in the Caratateua Island, Pará state, Brazilian Amazon. Then, the essential oils were hydrodistilled, analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC mass spectroscopy, and their volatile compositions submitted to multivariate analysis (principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis). Ebi-1 and Ebi-2 specimens were classified in the caryophyllene group, with significant content for the sesquiterpenes ( E)-caryophyllene (16.8% and 11.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (28.6% and 20.5%). Ebi-3 specimen was grouped into the cadinane group, characterized by the presence of α-cadinol (14.7%), an oxygenated sesquiterpene. EBI-4 specimen was inserted into the aromadendrane group, with the predominance of the sesquiterpenes globulol (9.8%), germacrene B (7.9%), and γ-elemene (3.1%). Based on the results, a remarkable chemical variability was observed in the oils of Eugenia biflora with occurrence in Pará state, North Brazil. This work is presenting for the first time its caryophyllene, cadinane, and aromadendrane profiles.

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Chemical Profiles, Anticancer, and Anti-Aging Activities of Essential Oils of Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC. and Erigeron bonariensis L.

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040667 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 667

Author(s):

Abdelbaset M. Elgamal ◽

Rania F. Ahmed ◽

Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad ◽

Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy ◽

Abdelsamed I. Elshamy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Relative Concentration ◽

Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽

Principal Component ◽

Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering ◽

Chemical Profiles ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽

Total Oil ◽

Asteraceae Family ◽

Mcf 7

Plants belonging to the Asteraceae family are widely used as traditional medicinal herbs around the world for the treatment of numerous diseases. In this work, the chemical profiles of essential oils (EOs) of the above-ground parts of Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC. and Erigeron bonariensis (L.) were studied in addition to their cytotoxic and anti-aging activities. The extracted EOs from the two plants via hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). GC-MS of EO of P. dioscoridis revealed the identification of 29 compounds representing 96.91% of the total oil. While 35 compounds were characterized from EO of E. bonariensis representing 98.21%. The terpenoids were found the main constituents of both plants with a relative concentration of 93.59% and 97.66%, respectively, including mainly sesquiterpenes (93.40% and 81.06%). α-Maaliene (18.84%), berkheyaradulen (13.99%), dehydro-cyclolongifolene oxide (10.35%), aromadendrene oxide-2 (8.81%), β-muurolene (8.09%), and α-eudesmol (6.79%), represented the preponderance compounds of EO of P. dioscoridis. While, trans-α-farnesene (25.03%), O-ocimene (12.58%), isolongifolene-5-ol (5.53%), α-maaliene (6.64%), berkheyaradulen (4.82%), and α-muurolene (3.99%), represented the major compounds EO of E. bonariensis. A comparative study of our results with the previously described data was constructed based upon principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), where the results revealed a substantial variation of the present studied species than other reported ecospecies. EO of P. dioscoridis exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the two cancer cells, MCF-7 and A-549 with IC50 of 37.3 and 22.3 μM, respectively. While the EO of the E. bonariensis showed strong cytotoxicity against HepG2 with IC50 of 25.6 μM. The EOs of P. dioscoridis, E. bonariensis, and their mixture (1:1) exhibited significant inhibitory activity of the collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase comparing with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as a reference. The results of anti-aging showed that the activity of mixture (1:1) > P. dioscoridis > E. bonariensis against the four enzymes.

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Effect of geographical origin on yield and composition of cone essential oils of Cedrus libani A. Rich. growing in Lebanese protected areas and variability assessment in comparison with literature survey

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2019-0172 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (7-8) ◽

pp. 255-264

Author(s):

Raviella Zgheib ◽

Marc El Beyrouthy ◽

Youssef El Rayess ◽

Mira Dahi ◽

Nancy Nehme ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Protected Areas ◽

Geographical Origin ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Principal Component ◽

Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Market Demand ◽

Cedrus Libani ◽

Chemical Variability

AbstractGas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis together with principal component analysis revealed that geographical origin influenced the yield and composition of the essential oils (EOs) extracted by hydrodistillation performed for 3 h using a Clevenger-type apparatus, from the cones of Cedrus libani A. Rich., growing wild at four Lebanese natural reserves and protected areas: Bsharri, Chouf, Ehden, and Tannourine, and from a cultivated cedar growing in Qartaba. Essential oil chemical variability established between the different studied provenances suggested the involvement of abiotic factors such as geographical conditions, cultivation conditions, soil composition, and environmental factors in the chemical polymorphism of C. libani cones EOs. α-Pinene/β-pinene characterized Ehden (β-pinene 35.6%/α-pinene 27.7%), Chouf (α-pinene 37.3%/β-pinene 26.1%), Bsharri (α-pinene 27.7%/β-pinene 21.4%), and Tannourine (α-pinene 25.1%/β-pinene 16.0%) samples, whereas Qartaba EO was distinguished by the dominance of myrcene (30.6%), α-pinene(26%), and limonene (14.1%). Comparison with the existing literature reinforced the chemical variability of C. libani EOs. This current study helped the estimation of a best harvest location for a good EO quality production, resource optimization, and pharmacological properties evaluation, according to the market demand.

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Chemical variability and antioxidant activities of the essential oils of the aerial parts of Ammoides verticillata and the roots of Carthamus caeruleus and their synergistic effect in combination

Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening ◽

10.2174/1386207323666200606213057 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 ◽

Author(s):

Imane Rihab Mami ◽

Noria Merad-Boussalah ◽

Mohammed El Amine Dib ◽

Boufeldja Tabti ◽

Jean Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Natural Food ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Chemical Variability ◽

Ammoides Verticillata

Aim and Objective: Oxidative stress is implicated in the development and progression of many disease. Some of appropriate actions that could be initiated to taken to resolve the problem of these diseases are search for new antioxidant substances isolated from plants. The aims of this study were to study the intraspecies variations of A. verticillata and C. caeruleus essential oils from 8 locations using statistical analysis, the in vitro antioxidant properties of collective essential oils and in combinations. Materials and Methods: The essential oils were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The intraspecies variations of the essential oil compositions were discussed using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). The antioxidant properties were evaluated DPPH-radical scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching test. Results: The main components of Ammoides verticillata collective essential oil (Coll EO) were thymol (30.5%), carvacrol (23.2%), p-cymene (13.1%), limonene (12.5%) and terpinene-4-ol (12.3%). While roots of Carthamus caeruleus essential oil were dominated by carline oxide (86.2%). The chemical variability allowed the discrimination of two main Groups for both Coll EOs. A direct correlation between the altitudes, climate and the chemical compositions was evidenced. Ammoides verticulata and Carthamus caeruleus Coll Eos showed good antioxidant activity. In binary mixture, the interaction both Coll Eos and between oils rich of thymol and/or carvacrol with carlina oxide produced the best synergistic effects, compared to individual essential oils and the synthetic antioxidant (BHT). Conclusion: Ammoides verticillata and Carthamus caeruleus essential oil blends can be used as a natural food preservative and alternative to chemical antioxidants.

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Chemical Variability of Peel and Leaf Essential Oils in the Citrus Subgenus Papeda (Swingle) and Few Relatives

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1117

Author(s):

Clémentine Baccati ◽

Marc Gibernau ◽

Mathieu Paoli ◽

Patrick Ollitrault ◽

Félix Tomi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

13C Nmr ◽

Chemical Diversity ◽

Field Crop ◽

High Chemical ◽

Crop Species ◽

Nmr Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Variability ◽

Almost All ◽

Experimental Crosses

The Papeda Citrus subgenus includes several species belonging to two genetically distinct groups, containing mostly little-exploited wild forms of citrus. However, little is known about the potentially large and novel aromatic diversity contained in these wild citruses. In this study, we characterized and compared the essential oils obtained from peels and leaves from representatives of both Papeda groups, and three related hybrids. Using a combination of GC, GC-MS, and 13C-NMR spectrometry, we identified a total of 60 compounds in peel oils (PO), and 76 compounds in leaf oils (LO). Limonene was the major component in almost all citrus PO, except for C. micrantha and C. hystrix, where β-pinene dominated (around 35%). LO composition was more variable, with different major compounds among almost all samples, except for two citrus pairs: C. micrantha/C. hystrix and two accessions of C. ichangensis. In hybrid relatives, the profiles were largely consistent with their Citrus/Papeda parental lineage. This high chemical diversity, not only among the sections of the subgenus Papeda, but also between species and even at the intraspecific level, suggests that Papeda may be an important source of aroma diversity for future experimental crosses with field crop species.

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Comparative Study on the Essential Oils from Five Wild Egyptian Centaurea Species: Effective Extraction Techniques, Antimicrobial Activity and In-Silico Analyses

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10030252 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 252

Author(s):

Eman H. Reda ◽

Zienab T. Abdel Shakour ◽

Ali M. El-Halawany ◽

El-Sayeda A. El-Kashoury ◽

Khaled A. Shams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

In Silico ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Principal Component ◽

Binding Pocket ◽

Green Technologies ◽

Sample Classification ◽

Docking Approach

The genus Centaurea is recognized in folk medicine for anti-inflammatory, anti-itch, antitussive, purgative, astringent, and tonic activities. To study the chemical determinant for antimicrobial activity essential oils (EOs), five Centaurea species were analyzed including: C. scoparia, C. calcitrapa, C. glomerata, C. lipii and C. alexandrina. Conventional hydro-distillation (HD) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), as new green technologies, were compared for the extraction of essential oils. GC/MS analysis identified 120 EOs including mostly terpenoid except from C. lipii and C. alexandrina in which nonterpenoids were the major constituents. Major terpenoids included spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide and alloaromadendrene oxide-2. To probe antibacterial activity, potential EO inhibitors of a bacterial type II DNA topoisomerase, DNA gyrase B were screened via an in silico molecular docking approach. Spathulenol and alloaromadendrene oxide-2 possessed the best binding affinity in the ATP- binding pocket of Gyrase B enzyme. Principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering were used for sample classification and revealed that sesquiterpenes contributed the most for accessions classification. In vitro antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger for all EOs were also evaluated. EOs from C. lipii, C. glomerata and C. calcitrapa exhibited significant MIC against S. aureus with an MIC value of 31.25 µg/mL.

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Effects of Essential Oils from 24 Plant Species on Sitophilus zeamais Motsch (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12060532 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 532

Author(s):

William R. Patiño-Bayona ◽

Leidy J. Nagles Galeano ◽

Jenifer J. Bustos Cortes ◽

Wilman A. Delgado Ávila ◽

Eddy Herrera Daza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Sitophilus Zeamais ◽

Contact Toxicity ◽

Stored Products ◽

Collateral Damage ◽

Maize Weevil ◽

Active Constituents ◽

Insect Mortality ◽

Sitophilus Zeamais Motsch

Chemical control of the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) has been ineffective and presents serious collateral damage. Among plant-derived insecticides, essential oils (EOs) are suitable candidates to control this stored products pest. In this work, the insecticidal activities of 45 natural EOs against S. zeamais adults were screened, and the most promising ones (24 EOs) were characterized by GC–MS. The repellent and toxic effects (contact and fumigant) of these 24 EOs were determined, and by a cluster analysis they were classified into two groups considering its fumigant activity and contact toxicity. For the EOs with the highest fumigant potential (14 oils) and their main active constituents (17 compounds), lethal concentrations were determined. The most active EOs were those obtained from L. stoechas and L. alba, with LC50 values of 303.4 and 254.1 µL/L air and characterized by a high content of monoterpenes. Regarding the major compounds, the oxygenated monoterpenes R-(+)-pulegone (LC50 = 0.580 mg/L air), S-(-)-pulegone (LC50 = 0.971 mg/L air) and R-(-)-carvone (LC50 = 1.423 mg/L air) were the most active, as few variations in their concentrations significantly increased insect mortality.

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