Implications of Engaging in Regular Exercise and Reducing Sedentary Behavior During a Global Pandemic: An Immuno-metabolic Perspective in Patients with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jabeur Methnani ◽  
Dorra Amor ◽  
Narimen Yousfi ◽  
Ali Bouslama ◽  
Asma Omezzine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Adaptive Mechanism ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Light Activity

Many reports showed a dramatic decrease in the levels of physical activity during the current pandemic of SARS-COV-2. This has substantial immunometabolic implications, especially in those at risk or with metabolic diseases including individuals with obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Here we discuss the route from physical inactivity to immnometabolic aberrancies; focusing on how insulin resistance could represent an adaptive mechanism to the low physical activity levels and/or high energy intake and on how such an adaptive mechanism could derail to be a pathognomonic feature of metabolic diseases creating a vicious circle of immune and metabolic aberrancies. We provide a theoretical framework to the severe immunopathology of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic diseases. We finally discuss the idea of exercise as a potential adjuvant against COVID-19 and emphasize how even interrupting prolonged periods of sitting with short time breaks of very light activity could be a feasible strategy to limit the deleterious effects of sedentary behavior.

scholarly journals Population-Based Estimates of Physical Activity for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cautionary Tale of Potential Confounding by Weight Status

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald C. Plotnikoff ◽  
Steven T. Johnson ◽  
Constantinos A. Loucaides ◽  
Adrian E. Bauman ◽  
Nandini D. Karunamuni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

At a population level, the method used to determine those meeting physical activity guidelines has important implications, as estimating “sufficient” physical activity might be confounded by weight status. The objective of this study was to test the difference between three methods in estimating the prevalence of “sufficient activity” among Canadian adults with type 2 diabetes in a large population sample (N=1614) while considering the role of weight status as a potential confounder. Our results revealed that estimates of physical activity levels vary by BMI categories, depending on the methods examined. Although physical activity levels were lower in the obese, their energy expenditure estimates were not different from those who were overweight or of a healthy weight. The implications of these findings are that biased estimates of physical activity at a population level may result in inappropriate classification of adults with type 2 diabetes as “sufficiently active” and that the inclusion of body weight in estimating physical activity prevalence should be approached with caution.

scholarly journals Self-reported and objectively measured physical activity levels among Hispanic/Latino adults with type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000893
Author(s):  
Wendy Bevier ◽  
Namino Glantz ◽  
Charis Hoppe ◽  
Jessikah Morales Glass ◽  
Arianna Larez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
English Language ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Latino Adults ◽  
Objectively Measured

ObjectiveIn the USA, minority populations face a disproportionate burden from type 2 diabetes (T2D), in whom physical activity (PA) is recommended. The aim of this study was to determine levels of PA among a community of free-living Hispanic/Latino adults with T2D using a research accelerometer, a consumer device and a pictogram self-assessment questionnaire.Research design and methodsThis was a cross-sectional, observational study. Participants (57 women and 31 men, body mass index (kg/m2) 32.2±7.9 and 29.9±4.5, waist circumference 97.1±30.1 and 93.7±33.0 cm and hemoglobin A1c 8.0±2.0 and 8.1%±1.8%, respectively) wore an ActiGraph (AG) on the hip and a Fitbit (FB) on the wrist for 1 week to estimate daily steps and energy expenditure (EE). Participants reported type and intensity of PA using English-language or Spanish-language pictograms and a 10-point Likert scale (1=‘not active’ to 10=‘very, very active’).ResultsSteps per day were not normally distributed; AG median steps/weekday (Monday–Friday) was 6990 (range 1091–25 884) compared with 9329 (288–31 669) using FB (p≤0.01). Both devices recorded significantly more steps on weekdays versus weekends (p≤0.05). EE was also higher during the week. AG and FB were highly correlated to each other (p<0.01). Men were more active than women and maintained their PA throughout the week, whereas women decreased theirs on weekends. Spanish-language pictograms were preferred and self-reported PA matched objective assessments by both devices. Participants perceived themselves to be active (7.1±2.0) due to work.ConclusionsBoth objectively measured and self-reported levels of PA in Hispanic/Latino adults with T2D challenge the assumption that lack of PA may be commonplace for this group. AG and FB are different in their measurement of PA but are significantly correlated. New strategies, including use of pictograms, for interventions need to be considered if further increases or changes in PA are to be used as T2D therapy.Trial registration numberNCT03736486

scholarly journals Perceived Sufficiency of Physical Activity Levels Among Adults at High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The FIN-D2D Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kati Vähäsarja ◽  
Sanna Salmela ◽  
Jari Villberg ◽  
Pauli Rintala ◽  
Mauno Vanhala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

scholarly journals Four-Year Physical Activity Levels among Intervention Participants with Type 2 Diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 2437-2445 ◽  
Author(s):  
JESSICA L. UNICK ◽  
SARAH A. GAUSSOIN ◽  
JAMES O. HILL ◽  
JOHN M. JAKICIC ◽  
DALE S. BOND ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

scholarly journals Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity in Youth With Recent Onset of Type 2 Diabetes

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. e850-e856 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kriska ◽  
L. Delahanty ◽  
S. Edelstein ◽  
N. Amodei ◽  
J. Chadwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Recent Onset

The effects of a pedometer-based behavioral modification program with telephone support on physical activity and sedentary behavior in type 2 diabetes patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karlijn P. De Greef ◽  
Benedicte I. Deforche ◽  
Johannes B. Ruige ◽  
Jacques J. Bouckaert ◽  
Catrine E. Tudor-Locke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Modification ◽  
Telephone Support ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Association of UCP1 polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their interaction with physical activity and sedentary behavior

Gene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 739 ◽  
pp. 144497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunting Dong ◽  
Yingnan Lv ◽  
Lianguang Xie ◽  
Rongqing Yang ◽  
Lulin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Sedentary Behavior

Effect of 10 days of bedrest on metabolic and vascular insulin action: a study in individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 830-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette P. Sonne ◽  
Amra C. Alibegovic ◽  
Lise Højbjerre ◽  
Allan Vaag ◽  
Bente Stallknecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Increased Risk

Physical inactivity is a known risk factor for type 2 diabetes. We studied whole body and forearm insulin sensitivity in subjects at increased risk for type 2 diabetes [persons with low birth weight (LBW group; n = 20) and first-degree relatives to type 2 diabetic patients (FDR group; n = 13)] as well as a control (CON) group ( n = 20) matched for body mass index, age, and physical activity levels before and after 10 days of bedrest. Subjects were studied by hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic clamp combined with arterial and deep venous catheterization of the forearm. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. All groups responded with a decrease in whole body insulin sensitivity in response to bedrest [CON group: 6.8 ± 0.5 to 4.3 ± 0.3 mg·min−1·kg−1( P < 0.0001), LBW group: 6.2 ± 0.5 to 4.3 ± 0.3 mg·min−1·kg−1( P < 0.0001), and FDR group: 4.3 ± 0.7 to 3.1 ± 0.3 mg·min−1·kg−1( P = 0.068)]. The percent decrease was significantly greater in the CON group compared with the FDR group (CON group: 34 ± 4%, LBW group: 27 ± 4%, and FDR group: 10 ± 13%). Forearm insulin-stimulated glucose clearance decreased significantly in the CON and LBW groups in response to bedrest; in the FDR group, clearance was very low before bedrest and no change was observed. Before bedrest, the CON and LBW groups demonstrated a significant increase in FBF during hyperinsulinemia; after bedrest, an increase in FBF was observed only in the CON group. In conclusion, bedrest induced a pronounced reduction in whole body, skeletal muscle, and vascular insulin sensitivity in the CON and LBW groups. The changes were most pronounced in the CON group. In the FDR group, insulin resistance was already present before bedrest, but even this group displayed a high sensitivity to changes in daily physical activity.

scholarly journals Association of physical activity and sedentary behavior with type 2 diabetes and glycemic traits: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001896
Author(s):  
Christa Meisinger ◽  
Jakob Linseisen ◽  
Michael Leitzmann ◽  
Hansjoerg Baurecht ◽  
Sebastian Edgar Baumeister
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
A Genome

IntroductionObservational studies suggest that physical activity lowers and sedentary behavior increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. Despite of some supportive trial data for physical activity, it is largely unresolved whether these relations are causal or due to bias.ObjectiveWe investigated the associations between accelerometer-based physical activity and sedentary behavior with type 2 diabetes and several glycemic traits using two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.Research design and methodsSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated at p<5×10−8 with accelerometer-based physical activity average accelerations, vigorous physical activity (fraction of accelerations >425 milligravities), and sedentary behavior (metabolic equivalent task ≤1.5) in a genome-wide analysis of the UK Biobank served as instrumental variables.OutcomesType 2 diabetes, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting glucose, homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-B), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).ResultsPhysical activity and sedentary behavior were unrelated to type 2 diabetes, HbA1c, fasting glucose, HOMA-B, and HOMA-IR. The inverse variance weighted ORs per SD increment for the association between average accelerations and vigorous physical activity with type 2 diabetes were 1.00 (95% CI 0.94 to 1.07, p=0.948) and 0.83 (95% CI 0.56 to 1.23, p=0.357), respectively. These results were confirmed by sensitivity analyses using alternative MR-methods to test the robustness of our findings.ConclusionsBased on these results, genetically predicted objectively measured average or vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior is not associated with type 2 diabetes risk or with glycemic traits in the general population. Further research is required to deepen the understanding of the biological pathways of physical activity.

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