scholarly journals Introgression of qDTY1.1 Governing Reproductive Stage Drought Tolerance Into an Elite Rice Variety ‘Pusa Basmati 1’ Through Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Dhawan ◽  
Aruna Kumar ◽  
Priyanka Dwivedi ◽  
Subbaiyan Gopala Krishnan ◽  
Madan Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Backcross Breeding ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding

Drought stress at the reproductive stage in rice is one of the most important cause for yield reduction, affecting both productivity and quality. All Basmati rice varieties, including the popular cultivar ‘Pusa Basmati 1 (PB1)’ is highly sensitive to reproductive stage drought stress (RSDS). We report for the first time, improvement of a Basmati cultivar for RSDS tolerance, with the introgression of a major quantitative trait locus (QTL), ‘qDTY1.1’ into PB1. The QTL donor was sourced from an aus variety, Nagina 22 (N22). A QTL linked microsatellite (SSR) marker ‘RM 431’ was employed for foreground selection for qDTY1.1 in the marker assisted backcross breeding process. A set of 113 SSR markers polymorphic between N22 and PB1 were utilized for background selection to ensure higher genome recovery. After three backcrosses followed by five generations of selfing, eighteen near isogenic lines (NILs) were developed, through combinatory selection for agro-morphological, grain and cooking superiority traits. The NILs were evaluated for three consecutive Kharif seasons, 2017, 2018 and 2019 under well-watered and drought stress conditions. RSDS tolerance and yield stability indicated that NIL3, NIL5, NIL6, NIL7, NIL12, NIL15 and NIL17 were best in terms of overall agronomic and grain quality under RSDS. Additionally, NILs exhibited high yield potential under normal condition as well. The RSDS tolerant Basmati NILs with high resilience to water stress, is a valuable resource for sustaining Basmati rice production under water limiting production environments.

scholarly journals Introgression of qDTY1.1 Governing Reproductive Stage Drought Tolerance into an Elite Basmati Rice Variety “Pusa Basmati 1” through Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 202
Author(s):  
Gaurav Dhawan ◽  
Aruna Kumar ◽  
Priyanka Dwivedi ◽  
Subbaiyan Gopala Krishnan ◽  
Madan Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Backcross Breeding ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding

Drought stress at the reproductive stage in rice is one of the most important cause for yield reduction, affecting both productivity and quality. All Basmati rice varieties, including the popular cultivar “Pusa Basmati 1 (PB1)” is highly sensitive to reproductive stage drought stress (RSDS). We report for the first time, improvement of a Basmati cultivar for RSDS tolerance, with the introgression of a major quantitative trait locus (QTL), “qDTY1.1” into PB1. The QTL was sourced from an aus variety, Nagina 22 (N22). A microsatellite (simple sequence repeat (SSR)) marker “RM 431” located at telomeric end (38.89 mb) of chromosome 1, and located within a 1.04 mb QTL region was employed for foreground selection for qDTY1.1 in the marker assisted backcross breeding process. A set of 113 SSR markers polymorphic between N22 and PB1 were utilized for background selection to ensure higher recurrent parent genome recovery. After three backcrosses followed by five generations of selfing, eighteen near isogenic lines (NILs) were developed, through combinatory selection for agro-morphological, grain and cooking quality traits. The NILs were evaluated for three consecutive Kharif seasons, 2017, 2018 and 2019 under well-watered and drought stress conditions. RSDS tolerance and yield stability indicated that P1882-12-111-3, P1882-12-111-5, P1882-12-111-6, P1882-12-111-7, P1882-12-111-12, P1882-12-111-15 and P1882-12-111-17 were best in terms of overall agronomic and grain quality under RSDS. Additionally, NILs exhibited high yield potential under normal condition as well. The RSDS tolerant Basmati NILs with high resilience to water stress, is a valuable resource for sustaining Basmati rice production under water limiting production environments.

scholarly journals Molecular Breeding for Improving Productivity of Oryza sativa L. cv. Pusa 44 under Reproductive Stage Drought Stress through Introgression of a Major QTL, qDTY12.1

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 967
Author(s):  
Kyaw Swar Oo ◽  
Subbaiyan Gopala Krishnan ◽  
Kunnummal Kurungara Vinod ◽  
Gaurav Dhawan ◽  
Priyanka Dwivedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Successful Recovery

Increasing rice production is quintessential to the task of sustaining global food security, as a majority of the global population is dependent on rice as its staple dietary cereal. Among the various constraints affecting rice production, reproductive stage drought stress (RSDS) is a major challenge, due to its direct impact on grain yield. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring RSDS tolerance have been identified in rice, and qDTY12.1 is one of the major QTLs reported. We report the successful introgression of qDTY12.1 into Pusa 44, a drought sensitive mega rice variety of the northwestern Indian plains. Marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) was adopted to transfer qDTY12.1 into Pusa 44 in three backcrosses followed by four generations of pedigree selection, leading to development of improved near isogenic lines (NILs). Having a recurrent parent genome (RPG) recovery ranging from 94.7–98.7%, the improved NILs performed 6.5 times better than Pusa 44 under RSDS, coupled with high yield under normal irrigated conditions. The MABB program has been modified so as to defer background selection until BC3F4 to accelerate generational advancements. Deploying phenotypic selection alone in the early backcross generations could help in the successful recovery of RPG. In addition, the grain quality could be recovered in the improved NILs, leading to superior selections. Owing to their improved adaptation to drought, the release of improved NILs for regions prone to intermittent drought can help enhance rice productivity and production.

scholarly journals AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS OF DROUGHT-TOLERANT SOYBEANS AT THE REPRODUCTIVE STAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Muchlish Adie ◽  
Ayda Krisnawati
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Soybean Genotypes

In Indonesia, soybeans are typically cultivated during the dry season, thus making it prone to drought stress in the reproductive stage. The objective of the research was to characterize the agronomic characters of several soybean genotypes which were tolerant to drought at the reproductive stage. A total of 19 soybean genotypes were evaluated for its agronomic characters and tolerance to drought stress in Probolinggo (East Java, Indonesia) during the dry season (June – September). The research was arranged in a randomized block design with four replicates. Soybean cultivars were sown at two separate experiments, normal/optimal (plants were irrigated during the growth period) and stress (plants were irrigated up to 40 days after planting) conditions. Drought stress during the reproductive stage did not affect the characters of plant height, the number of branches per plant, the number of nodes per plant, and the number of pods per plant. Meanwhile, the number of empty pod, seed weight per plant, and seed yield were significantly affected. There were two genotypes which were identified as the tolerant genotypes to drought stress at the reproductive stage, i.e. MDT15-6-11 and MDT15-W-3034. The agronomic characters of MDT15-6-11 were showed as having a low percentage of yield reduction, hence it was able to mantain its high yield. The MDT15-W-3034 was identified as drought-tolerant due to the slow wilting, high plant character, a slow vegetative phase, and high yields. The genotypes obtained from this study could be recommended to be released as new soybean drought-tolerant varieties due to its high yield and tolerant to drought stress. Those genotypes could also be used as gene donors for soybean improvement to drought stress at the reproductive stage.  

scholarly journals Early generation selection strategy for yield and yield components in white oat

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovani Benin ◽  
Fernando Irajá Félix de Carvalho ◽  
Antônio Costa de Oliveira ◽  
Claudir Lorencetti ◽  
Igor Pires Valério ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Breeding Method ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Selection For

Several studies have searched for higher efficiency on plant selection in generations bearing high frequency of heterozygotes. This work aims to compare the response of direct selection for grain yield, indirect selection through average grain weight and combined selection for higher yield potential and average grain weight of oat plants (Avena sativa L.), using the honeycomb breeding method. These strategies were applied in the growing seasons of 2001 and 2002 in F3 and F4 populations, respectively, in the crosses UPF 18 CTC 5, OR 2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> UPF 7 and OR 2 <FONT FACE=Symbol>´</FONT> UPF 18. The ten best genetic combinations obtained for each cross and selection strategy were evaluated in greenhouse yield trials. Selection of plants with higher yield and average grain weight might be performed on early generations with high levels of heterozygosis. The direct selection for grain yield and indirect selection for average grain weight enabled to increase the average of characters under selection. However, genotypes obtained through direct selection presented lower average grain weight and those obtained through the indirect selection presented lower yield potential. Selection strategies must be run simultaneously to combine in only one genotype high yield potential and large grain weight, enabling maximum genetic gain for both characters.

scholarly journals Yield component variation in winter wheat grown under drought stress

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Duggan ◽  
D. R. Domitruk ◽  
D. B. Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
High Yield Potential

Crops produced in the semiarid environment of western Canada are subjected to variable and unpredictable periods of drought stress. The objective of this study was to determine the inter-relationships among yield components and grain yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) so that guidelines could be established for the production of cultivars with high yield potential and stability. Five hard red winter wheat genotypes were grown in 15 field trials conducted throughout Saskatchewan from 1989–1991. Although this study included genotypes with widely different yield potential and yield component arrangements, only small differences in grain yield occurred within trials under dryland conditions. High kernel number, through greater tillering, was shown to be an adaptation to low-stress conditions. The ability of winter wheat to produce large numbers of tillers was evident in the spring in all trials; however, this early season potential was not maintained due to extensive tiller die-back. Tiller die-back often meant that high yield potential genotypes became sink limiting with reduced ability to respond to subsequent improvements in growing season weather conditions. As tiller number increased under more favourable crop water conditions genetic limits in kernels spike−1 became more identified with yield potential. It is likely then, that tillering capacity per se is less important in winter wheat than the development of vigorous tillers with numerous large kernels spike−1. For example, the highest yielding genotype under dryland conditions was a breeding line, S86-808, which was able to maintain a greater sink capacity as a result of a higher number of larger kernels spike−1. It appears that without yield component compensation, a cultivar can be unresponsive to improved crop water conditions (stable) or it can have a high mean yield, but it cannot possess both characteristics. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., wheat, drought stress, kernel weight, kernel number, spike density, grain yield

scholarly journals Assessment of Genetic Diversity for Drought, Heat and Combined Drought and Heat Stress Tolerance in Early Maturing Maize Landraces

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelimor ◽  
Badu-Apraku ◽  
Tetteh ◽  
N’guetta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Drought And Heat Stress

Climate change is expected to aggravate the effects of drought, heat and combined drought and heat stresses. An important step in developing ‘climate smart’ maize varieties is to identify germplasm with good levels of tolerance to the abiotic stresses. The primary objective of this study was to identify landraces with combined high yield potential and desirable secondary traits under drought, heat and combined drought and heat stresses. Thirty-three landraces from Burkina Faso (6), Ghana (6) and Togo (21), and three drought-tolerant populations/varieties from the Maize Improvement Program at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture were evaluated under three conditions, namely managed drought stress, heat stress and combined drought and heat stress, with optimal growing conditions as control, for two years. The phenotypic and genetic correlations between grain yield of the different treatments were very weak, suggesting the presence of independent genetic control of yield to these stresses. However, grain yield under heat and combined drought and heat stresses were highly and positively correlated, indicating that heat-tolerant genotypes would most likely tolerate combined drought and stress. Yield reduction averaged 46% under managed drought stress, 55% under heat stress, and 66% under combined drought and heat stress, which reflected hypo-additive effect of drought and heat stress on grain yield of the maize accessions. Accession GH-3505 was highly tolerant to drought, while GH-4859 and TZm-1353 were tolerant to the three stresses. These landrace accessions can be invaluable sources of genes/alleles for breeding for adaptation of maize to climate change.

scholarly journals Introgression of Bacterial Blight Resistance Genes in the Rice Cultivar Ciherang: Response against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in the F6 Generation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2048
Author(s):  
Priya Lal Biswas ◽  
Ujjal Kumar Nath ◽  
Sharmistha Ghosal ◽  
Gayatri Goswami ◽  
Md. Shalim Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance

Bacterial blight (BB) is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and is one of the most important diseases in rice. It results in significantly reduced productivity throughout all rice-growing regions of the world. Four BB resistance genes have been reported; however, introgression of a single gene into rice has not been able to sufficiently protect rice against BB infection. Pyramiding of effective BB resistance genes (i.e., Xa genes) into background varieties is a potential approach to controlling BB infection. In this study, combinations of four BB resistance genes, Xa4, xa5, xa13, and Xa21, were pyramided into populations. The populations were derived from crossing Ciherang (a widespread Indonesian rice variety) with IRBB60 (resistance to BB). Promising recombinants from the F6 generation were identified by scoring the phenotype against three virulent bacterial strains, C5, P6, and V, which cause widespread BB infection in most rice-growing countries. Pyramiding of genes for BB resistance in 265 recombinant introgressed lines (RILs) were confirmed through marker-assisted selection (MAS) of the F5 and F6 generations using gene-specific primers. Of these 265 RILs, 11, 34 and 45 lines had four, three, or two BB resistance genes, respectively. The RILs had pyramiding of two or three resistance genes, with the Xa4 resistance gene showing broad spectrum resistance against Xoo races with higher agronomic performance compared to their donor and recipients parents. The developed BB-resistant RILs have high yield potential to be further developed for cultivation or as sources of BB resistance donor material for varietal improvement in other rice lines.

scholarly journals Responses of Total Biomass, Shoot Dry Weight, Yield and Yield Components of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Varieties under Different Terminal Drought Duration

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Aunchana Chaimala ◽  
Sanun Jogloy ◽  
Nimitr Vorasoot ◽  
Banyong Toomsan ◽  
Nuntawoot Jongrungklang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Drought Duration ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
High Yield Potential

As a secondary crop planting in the double-cropping system, terminal drought is the major constraint of Jerusalem artichoke production in the rainfed area. This study aims to estimate the effects of different durations of terminal drought on total biomass, tuber yields, harvest index, yield components, and to identify high yield potential and low yield reduction genotypes for the varietal improvement program. A split-plot design with four replications was conducted under field experiment for two years. Three drought durations including non-drought stress (SD0), drought from 60 and 45 days after transplanting until harvest (SD1 and SD2, respectively), were assigned in main plots and six genotypes were arranged in subplots. Crop parameters were greater decreased under a long-drought duration than under short-drought duration. The genotypes were identified; HEL256, JA37 and JA125 had high yield potential under SD0 conditions, whereas there was high yield reduction under drought conditions. In contrast, JA60 and HEL253 were identified as low yield potential and low yield reduction genotypes. This information suggested that high yield potential genotypes and low yield reduction genotypes should be selected and generated progeny population for improvement of new varieties with high yield potential and low yield reduction for growing in terminal drought-prone environments.

The yield of durum wheats released in Mexico between 1960 and 1984

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Waddington ◽  
M. Osmanzai ◽  
M. Yoshida ◽  
J. K. Ransom
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Advanced Line ◽  
Selection For

SummaryTwo trials designed to measure progress in the yield of durum wheat cultivars released in Mexico by the Institute Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas over the period 1960–84 were grown in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico, during the 1983–4 and 1984–5 cropping seasons. The trials compared grain yield, above-ground biomass, harvest index (ratio of dry grain yield to dry above-ground biomass), yield components, grain-growth rates and phenological characters for eight key cultivars and the modern advanced line, Carcomun ‘S’, when grown at a high level of agronomic inputs and management.The grain yield of durum wheat was estimated to have risen for 25 years of breeding from 3·70 to 8·40 t/ha. The estimated average annual rates of increase in grain yield for the periods 1960–71 and 1971–85 were 251 and 121 kg/ha respectively. Grain yield improvements were based on a linear increase in the number of grains/m2 over the 25-year period, the result of more grains per spikelet. An improved above-ground biomass at maturity was a feature of the two modern genotypes, Altar 84 and Carcomun ‘S’. Harvest index increased with each new cultivar up to the release of Mexicali 75 in 1975, but thereafter the higher grain yields achieved with the modern genotypes were not associated with a higher harvest index. Thousand-grain weight remained steady for the released cultivars but fell slightly for the advanced line Carcomun ‘S’. Improvements in yield were not associated with a longer cropping cycle.It is concluded that a breeding strategy combining selection for morphological characters thought to confer high yield potential, such as a more erect leaf posture and high number of grains per spikelet, with selection for grain yield per se has been successful in improving the grain yield of durum wheats adapted to north-west Mexico. Improvements have come not only in the size of the grain sink and the efficiency of assimilate partition to grain but also in the biomass produced above ground.

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