In-Utero Exposure to Cigarette Smoking on Child Long-Term Risk of Obesity: Concordance of Self-Report, Maternal and Cord Blood Biomarkers

Most studies on the association of in utero exposure to cigarette smoking and childhood overweight or obesity (OWO) were based on maternal self-reported smoking data and few were based on objective biomarkers. In this study, we evaluated the associations between self-reported and biomarkers of in utero exposure to cigarette smoking with risk of childhood OWO. We analyzed data from 2351 mother-child pairs in the Boston Birth Cohort, a US low-income minority cohort that enrolled children at birth and followed prospectively up to age 18 years. In utero smoking exposure was measured by maternal self-report and by maternal and cord plasma cotinine and hydroxycotinine metabolites. We assessed the individual and joint associations of each smoking exposure measure and maternal OWO with childhood OWO using multinomial logistic regressions. We used nested logistic regressions to investigate the childhood OWO prediction performance when adding maternal and cord plasma biomarkers as input covariates on top of self-reported data. Our results demonstrated that in utero cigarette smoking exposure defined by self-report and by maternal or cord metabolites were consistently associated with increased risk of long-term child OWO. Adding maternal and cord plasma biomarker information to self-reported data improved the prediction accuracy of long-term child OWO risk.

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Association between confirmed congenital Zika infection at birth and outcomes up to 3 years of life

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-23468-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Najeh Hcini ◽

Yaovi Kugbe ◽

Zo Hasina Linah Rafalimanana ◽

Véronique Lambert ◽

Meredith Mathieu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neurological Impairment ◽

In Utero ◽

In Utero Exposure ◽

Zikv Infection ◽

Neurodevelopmental Delay ◽

Systematic Testing ◽

Brain Anomalies ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Structural Brain

AbstractLittle is known about the long-term neurological development of children diagnosed with congenital Zika infection at birth. Here, we report the imaging and clinical outcomes up to three years of life of a cohort of 129 children exposed to Zika virus in utero. Eighteen of them (14%) had a laboratory confirmed congenital Zika infection at birth. Infected neonates have a higher risk of adverse neonatal and early infantile outcomes (death, structural brain anomalies or neurologic symptoms) than those who tested negative: 8/18 (44%) vs 4/111 (4%), aRR 10.1 [3.5–29.0]. Neurological impairment, neurosensory alterations or delays in motor acquisition are more common in infants with a congenital Zika infection at birth: 6/15 (40%) vs 5/96 (5%), aRR 6.7 [2.2–20.0]. Finally, infected children also have an increased risk of subspecialty referral for suspected neurodevelopmental delay by three years of life: 7/11 (64%) vs 7/51 (14%), aRR 4.4 [1.9–10.1]. Infected infants without structural brain anomalies also appear to have an increased risk, although to a lesser extent, of neurological abnormalities. It seems paramount to offer systematic testing for congenital ZIKV infection in cases of in utero exposure and adapt counseling based on these results.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Acute and long-term effects of in utero exposure of rats to di(n-butyl) phthalate on testicular germ cell development and proliferation.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1047475.497430 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Paul Foster

Keyword(s):

Germ Cell ◽

In Utero ◽

Cell Development ◽

In Utero Exposure ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Testicular Germ Cell ◽

Germ Cell Development ◽

Butyl Phthalate

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AB0423 NEUROPSYCHIATRIC OUTCOME OF CHILDREN BORN TO WOMEN WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) WOMEN AND EXPOSED IN UTERO TO AZATHIOPRINE: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY.

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4912 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1511.2-1511

Author(s):

M. G. Lazzaroni ◽

F. Crisafulli ◽

I. Debeni ◽

C. Nalli ◽

L. Andreoli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Renal Involvement ◽

In Utero ◽

Learning Disorders ◽

Control Group ◽

In Utero Exposure ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Similar Frequency ◽

Long Term Outcome

Background:A possible increase in neurodevelopmental (ND) and learning disorders (LD) in the offspring of mothers affected by SLE have been suggested in some studies, along with the identification of different possible risk factors. Azathioprine (AZA) is commonly used during pregnancy, based on its non-teratogenicity and extended experience in women with different diseases. However, a few small studies suggested an association between in utero exposure to AZA and possible increased frequency of ND/LD in children, indirectly derived from increased request of supportive educational services.Objectives:To evaluate the medium-long term outcome in terms of ND/LD in children of school age (≥6 years) born to SLE women treated with AZA during pregnancy, as compared to that of children born to SLE mothers not treated with AZA during pregnancy.Methods:Data from our Pregnancy Clinic registry were collected for prospectively followed pregnancies of SLE women treated with AZA (cases) and compared to pregnancies of SLE women not treated with AZA (controls), that were matched for age at pregnancy, presence of renal involvement and aPL positivity. SLE patients (cases and controls) were interviewed by phone to collect data about their children, focusing on the presence of ND/LD certified by Neuropsychiatrists.Results:Data were collected for 14 SLE mothers in the AZA group and 31 in the control group, with similar age at pregnancy (30.3±5.21 vs 31.4±4.70 years, p:0.45) and frequency of renal involvement (50.0% vs 44.1%, p:0.77), aPL positivity (33.3% vs 29.4%, p:0.76) and anti-Ro/SSA positivity (27.8% vs. 26.5%, p:0.55). A SLE flare during pregnancy was more frequently recorded in the AZA group (27.8% vs. 2.94%, p:0.02). Other medications included HCQ (55.6% vs. 70.6%, p:0.36) and corticosteroids (100% vs 79.4%, p:0.08).We collected data for 18 children in the AZA group and 34 children in the control group, that had a similar mean age at the time of the interview (12.7±4.80 vs. 12.9±5.61 years, p:0.91). The two groups had also similar gestational age (37.4±2.20 weeks vs. 38.0±1.29 weeks, p:0.23), birth weight (3003±433 g vs 3011±453 g, p:0.95) and rate of male sex (61.1% vs 44.1%, p:0.38).We recorded similar frequency of ND/LD in the two groups. In particular, a ND was present in 2/18 (11.1%) of children exposed to AZA vs. 2/34 (5.88%) in the control group (p:0.60). A LD was present in 1/18 cases (5.56%) and 6/34 controls (17.6%) (p:0.40).Conclusion:The medium-long term outcome of children born to SLE mothers in the whole cohort was characterized by the presence of ND in 4/54 (7.69%) and LD in 7/52 (13.5%). ND/LD do not seem to be related to in utero exposure to AZA.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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The mediation effect of serum metabolites on the relationship between long-term smoking exposure and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-021-08151-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mengke Wei ◽

Lihong Zhao ◽

Jiali Lv ◽

Xia Li ◽

Guangshuai Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cholic Acid ◽

Mediation Analysis ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

High Dimensional ◽

Smoking Exposure ◽

Smoking Index

Abstract Background Long-term smoking exposure will increase the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), whereas the mechanism is still unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional study to explore whether serum metabolites mediate the occurrence of ESCC caused by cigarette smoking. Methods Serum metabolic profiles and lifestyle information of 464 participants were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of smoking exposure to ESCC risk. High-dimensional mediation analysis and univariate mediation analysis were performed to screen potential intermediate metabolites of smoking exposure for ESCC. Results Ever smoking was associated with a 3.11-fold increase of ESCC risk (OR = 3.11, 95% CI 1.63–6.05), and for each cigarette-years increase in smoking index, ESCC risk increased by 56% (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.18–2.13). A total of 5 metabolites were screened as mediators by high-dimensional mediation analysis. In addition, glutamine, histidine, and cholic acid were further proved existing mediation effects according to univariate mediation analysis. And the proportions of mediation of histidine and glutamine were 40.47 and 30.00%, respectively. The mediation effect of cholic acid was 8.98% according to the analysis of smoking index. Conclusions Our findings suggest that cigarette smoking contributed to incident ESCC, which may be mediated by glutamine, histidine and cholic acid.

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In utero exposure to ritodrine during pregnancy and risk of autism in their offspring until 8 years of age

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-80904-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jungsoo Chae ◽

Geum Joon Cho ◽

Min-Jeong Oh ◽

KeonVin Park ◽

Sung Won Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Health ◽

Screening Program ◽

Hazard Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

In Utero ◽

National Database ◽

Rank Test ◽

In Utero Exposure ◽

Exposure Group ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractBeta-2 adrenergic receptor (B2AR) agonists, used as asthma treatments and tocolytics during pregnancy, have recently been reported to be associated with autism in their offspring. However, the particular link between autism and ritodrine, a common type of B2AR agonist used solely as tocolytics, has never been substantiated with any nationwide database. Thus, we aimed to examine the association between in utero exposure of ritodrine and the risk of autism in their offspring using a national database. This population-based cohort study was conducted by merging the Korea National Health Insurance claims database and National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children database. These databases included all women who had delivered singleton between January 2007 and December 2008 in Korea. Out of the total 770,016 mothers, 30,959 (4.02%) were exposed to ritodrine during pregnancy, and 5583 (0.73%) of their children were identified as having autism, defined until 8 years of age. According to our analysis, the overall cumulative incidence of autism up to 8 years was 1.37% in ritodrine exposure group and 0.70% in ritodrine non-exposure group (p < 0.05, log-rank test). By Cox proportional hazard analysis, use of ritodrine in preterm birth was associated with significantly higher hazard of autism [adjusted hazard ratio: 1.23, 95% CI 1.04–1.47], after adjusting for confounding variables including maternal age, parity, cesarean section, preterm labor, steroid use, birth weight, gender, and preeclampsia. Thus, in utero exposure to ritodrine was associated with an increased risk of autism in their offspring.

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Genotoxicity in Patients on Long-term Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy in Korea: A Nested Case-control, Prospective, Pilot Study

The Korean Journal of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research ◽

10.7704/kjhugr.2019.0027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 47-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Youn I Choi ◽

Jun-Won Chung ◽

Dong Kyun Park ◽

Kyoung Oh Kim ◽

Kwang An Kwon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Medical History ◽

Proton Pump ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Self Report ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Healthy Control

Background/Aims: Although proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) remain a mainstay for the suppression of gastric acid secretion, long-term PPI use is associated with side effects. However, the genotoxicity associated with long-term PPI use is unclear.Materials and Methods: This prospective observational pilot study enrolled patients who had been on PPIs for >1 year and healthy controls from July 2015 to August 2016. The subjects completed self-report questionnaires pertaining to their drug and medical history, and only those with no medical history and a ≥2-year wash-out period (for drugs other than PPIs) were included. We collected peripheral-blood lymphocytes from long-term PPI users and healthy controls and analyzed the genotoxicity by using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay; we also determined the fasting serum levels of pyridoxine, folate, cobalamin, and homocysteine.Results: Ten long-term PPI users and 40 healthy control subjects were enrolled. The median serum pyridoxine, folate, cobalamin, and homocysteine levels were not significantly different between the groups. The median frequencies of micronuclei (MNi), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs), and nuclear buds (Nbuds) per 1,000 binucleated cells, in long-term PPI users and healthy controls, were 30.3 and 16.3 (P<0.005), 2.5 and 1.8 (P<0.005), and 9.3 and 5.0 (P<0.005), respectively. Even after adjustment for confounding factors, the OR of the MNi, NPBs, and Nbuds for long-term PPI users compared with healthy control subjects were 14.1 (P<0.001), 2.0 (P=0.001), and 1.3 (P=0.3), respectively.Conclusions: Long-term PPI use was significantly associated with an increased risk of genotoxicity after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, medical history, drug history, and the serum levels of vitamins.

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Vaping and subsequent comorbidities potentially associated with increased mortality and more severe illness in COVID-19: a narrative review

10.22514/sv.2021.113 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Health Risks ◽

Older Patients ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Self Report ◽

Severe Illness ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Cigarette Use

Introduction: COVID-19 (or COVID) is a highly virulent viral disease which more frequently presents severe infection in specific populations, such as the elderly, patients with hypertension, patients with respiratory disease, and patients who smoke. The effects vaping (i.e., an electronic cigarette or JUUL device) has on COVID progression remains unclear, because there is an information paucity correlating e-cigarette use and COVID. This review sought to identify links between vape use and COVID severity via literature review. Additionally, because there is more widespread information about cigarette smoking than about vaping, this review sought to illustrate commonalities between smoking and vaping. If smoking and vaping are deemed near-identical practices, then it is possible the effects of smoking on human health and on COVID disease could be comparable in vaping. Methods: Several searches were performed on PubMed with MeSH headings and JSTOR between 17 December 2020 and 22 December 2020. Search results were excluded if they were not trials or controlled clinical trials, if the articles were not about COVID, if the articles were about smoking behaviors or habits, or if the articles were not related to vaping or smoking. Key findings were summarized and tabled based on relevance, substantiability, and applicability to COVID. Results: Multiple sources viewed smoking and vaping as equal risk factors for COVID disease, whereas other sources viewed the two as unique risk factors. Because of this controversy, it is challenging to view the two practices as similar enough to pose equivalent risks for COVID. Both practices pose significant health risks to its users, but these health risks are unique to each practice. Discussion: There are several limitations which exacerbate ambiguity—(1) it is unclear how harmful smoking is for COVID patients, because several publications found smoking may have protective effects; (2) few older patients vape, but yet most severe COVID cases occur in older populations; (3) older patients and impoverished patients show a statistically significant risk for severe COVID disease independent of other factors; (4) vaping is a relatively new practice, and there are few patients who self-report long-term e-cigarette use or long-term adverse effects as a result thereof. Conclusion: Although vaping may present serious health risks, clinically, it is uncertain how significantly vaping affects COVID disease, especially when compared against cigarette smoking. More research is needed on both the effects of vaping on COVID and the likeness of vaping versus smoking.

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