Association of dietary patterns, number of daily meals and anthropometric measures in women in age of menopause

Abstract. Background: The association between dietary patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is not well established. Objective: We sought to investigate association between a posteriori dietary pattern and CRF in middle-aged adults. Design: Adults (n = 276), aged 20–74 years, who were residents of Tehran, Iran were recruited. Diet was assessed by using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. Socio-economic status, anthropometric measures, body composition, and blood pressure were recorded. CRF was assessed by using a graded exercise treadmill test. Analysis of variance and linear regression models were used to discern the association between dietary patterns and CRF. Results: Higher scores of the healthy dietary pattern had no association with VO2max (p = 0.13 ). After controlling for potential confounders, VO2max was positively associated across tertiles of healthy dietary patterns (p < 0.001). Higher adherence to the “mixed” dietary pattern was inversely related to VO2max (p < 0.01). After adjusting for confounders, the significant association disappeared (p = 0.14). Higher scores of the “Western” dietary pattern was not associated with VO2max (p = 0.06). However, after controlling for potential confounders, VO2max was positively associated with the “Western” dietary pattern (p = 0.01). A positive linear association between the “healthy” dietary pattern and CRF for the total sample (R2 = 0.02; p < 0.01) were presented. Conclusions: Overall, our findings suggest that higher adherence to a “healthy” and “Western” dietary pattern was positively associated with CRF. However, further studies are required to examine and clarify the causal relationship between dietary patterns and CRF.

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Dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors among adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114518000533 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 119 (8) ◽

pp. 859-879 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Carla de Magalhães Cunha ◽

Priscila R. F. Costa ◽

Lucivalda P. M. de Oliveira ◽

Valterlinda A. de O. Queiroz ◽

Jacqueline C. D. Pitangueira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Healthy Foods ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Mean Values ◽

Available Information

AbstractThis study systematised and synthesised the results of observational studies that were aimed at supporting the association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors among adolescents. Relevant scientific articles were searched in PUBMED, EMBASE, SCIENCE DIRECT, LILACS, WEB OF SCIENCE and SCOPUS. Observational studies that included the measurement of any CMR factor in healthy adolescents and dietary patterns were included. The search strategy retained nineteen articles for qualitative analysis. Among retained articles, the effects of dietary pattern on the means of BMI (n 18), waist circumference (WC) (n 9), systolic blood pressure (n 7), diastolic blood pressure (n 6), blood glucose (n 5) and lipid profile (n 5) were examined. Systematised evidence showed that an unhealthy dietary pattern appears to be associated with poor mean values of CMR factors among adolescents. However, evidence of a protective effect of healthier dietary patterns in this group remains unclear. Considering the number of studies with available information, a meta-analysis of anthropometric measures showed that dietary patterns characterised by the highest intake of unhealthy foods resulted in a higher mean BMI (0·57 kg/m²; 95 % CI 0·51, 0·63) and WC (0·57 cm; 95 % CI 0·47, 0·67) compared with low intake of unhealthy foods. Controversially, patterns characterised by a low intake of healthy foods were associated with a lower mean BMI (−0·41 kg/m²; 95 % CI −0·46,−0·36) and WC (−0·43 cm; 95 % CI −0·52,−0·33). An unhealthy dietary pattern may influence markers of CMR among adolescents, but considering the small number and limitations of the studies included, further studies are warranted to strengthen the evidence of this relation.

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The Impact of Rainfall Variability on Diets and Undernutrition of Young Children in Rural Burkina Faso

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.693281 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Isabel Mank ◽

Kristine Belesova ◽

Jan Bliefernicht ◽

Issouf Traoré ◽

Paul Wilkinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Rainfall Variability ◽

Principal Component ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Reduced Rank Regression ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Child Undernutrition ◽

The Impact

Background: Climate change and consequent increases in rainfall variability may have negative consequences for the food production of subsistence farmers in West Africa with adverse impacts on nutrition and health. We explored the pathway from rainfall through diet up to child undernutrition for rural Burkina Faso.Methods: The study used data of a dynamic cohort with 1,439 children aged 7–60 months from the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS) for 2017 to 2019. We assessed data on diets, height, weight, household characteristics, and daily precipitation (from 1981 to 2019). Principal component analysis was used to identify distinct child dietary patterns (Dietary Pattern Scores, DPS). These were related to 15 rainfall indicators by area to obtain a precipitation variability score (PVS) through reduced rank regression (RRR). Associations between the PVS and anthropometric measures, height-for-age (HAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ), were examined using multi-level regression analysis.Results: Stunting (HAZ < −2) and wasting (WHZ < −2) were seen in 24 and 6% of the children. Three main dietary patterns were identified (market-based, vegetable-based, and legume-based diets) and showed mixed evidence for associations with child undernutrition. The RRR-derived PVS explained 14% of the total variance in these DPS. The PVS was characterized by more consecutive dry days during the rainy season, higher cumulative rainfall in July and more extremely wet days. A 1-point increase in the PVS was associated with a reduction of 0.029 (95% CI: −0.06, 0.00, p < 0.05) in HAZ in the unadjusted, and an increase by 0.032 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.06, p < 0.05) in WHZ in the fully adjusted model.Conclusion: Rainfall variability was associated with dietary patterns in young children of a rural population of Burkina Faso. Increased rainfall variability was associated with an increase in chronic undernutrition, but not in acute undernutrition among young children.

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Associations between empirically derived dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors among older adult men

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000725 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hadis Mozaffari ◽

Yahya Jalilpiran ◽

Katherine Suitor ◽

Nick Bellissimo ◽

Leila Azadbakht

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Older Adults ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

High Serum ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Public Health Burden ◽

Unhealthy Diet

Abstract. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death globally, and epidemiological studies have suggested a link between diet and cardiometabolic risk. Currently, the prevalence of CVD is rapidly increasing with an aging population and continues to contribute to the growing economic and public health burden. However, there is limited evidence available regarding dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in older adults. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in males ≥60 years. Factor analysis identified a “healthy” diet and an “unhealthy” diet as the two primary dietary patterns. Multivariable logistic regression was used for estimating the associations of identified dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors including anthropometric measures, blood pressure, glycemic biomarkers, lipid profile, and inflammatory biomarkers. A healthy dietary pattern was significantly associated with decreased odds of high serum fasting blood sugar (FBS) (OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.15–0.67; Ptrend=0.002), but increased odds of high serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.02–3.24; Ptrend=0.04). In comparison, an unhealthy diet was associated with increased odds of obesity (OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 1.31–4.15; Ptrend=0.004) and high LDL-C (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.10–2.61; Ptrend=0.02). Thus, in older adults, adherence to an unhealthy dietary pattern has a significant impact on clinically relevant risk factors for cardiometabolic risk.

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Prenatal Dietary Exposures and Offspring Body Size from 6 Months to 18 Years: A Systematic Review (P11-019-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz048.p11-019-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jacqueline Litvak ◽

Niyati Parekh ◽

Andrea Deierlein

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Size ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Future Research ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Sweetened Beverages ◽

English Articles ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Objectives In utero dietary exposures may influence childhood obesity. Current research on the relationship between prenatal food and beverage intakes and offspring obesity has yielded mixed results. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the relationship between prenatal dietary exposures and offspring body size from 6 months to 18 years. Methods A systematic review of English articles using PubMed and Web of Science (January 2010- March 2018) was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. Additional studies were identified through a reference review of articles that met the inclusion criteria and related review articles. Longitudinal observational studies that assessed dietary patterns, food(s) and/or macronutrients(s), or beverage(s) consumption during healthy pregnancy and evaluated offspring body size between the ages of 6 months and 18 years were included in the review. Results Twenty studies evaluating dietary patterns (n = 6), macronutrient(s) and/or food(s) (n = 11), and beverages (n = 3) met inclusion criteria. Consumption of a Mediterranean dietary pattern during pregnancy was associated with lower anthropometric measures in offspring, while sugars and refined carbohydrates were associated with offspring obesity. Mixed results were observed for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, protein, sugar-sweetened beverages, and artificially sweetened beverages. Conclusions These findings suggest that following a Mediterranean diet and limiting sugar intake during pregnancy may make small but significant contributions to preventing childhood overweight and obesity. Future research should focus on prenatal diet quality to better communicate the information to health practitioners. Funding Sources None.

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Association of a Priori-Defined Dietary Patterns with Anthropometric Measurements: A Cross-Sectional Study in Mexican Women

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11030603 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 603 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mohammad Sahrai ◽

Inge Huybrechts ◽

Carine Biessy ◽

Marc Gunter ◽

Isabelle Romieu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

A Priori ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Cáncer De Mama ◽

Mexican Women ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Cross Sectional

This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate associations between a priori defined dietary patterns and anthropometric measures in Mexican women. A total of 1062 women aged 35 to 69 years old from the control participants of the CAMA (Cancer de Mama) study, a multi-center population-based case-control study on breast cancer conducted in Mexico, were interviewed and dietary intakes were assessed using questionnaires. The following indices were derived from these data: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, the Healthy Eating Index (HEI), the Mediterranean Diet Score (aMED), the Diet Quality Index (DQI), glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL). Adjusting for age, center, educational level, physical activity and energy intake, a high GI was positively associated with a higher body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Higher adherence to aMED was associated with lower WC and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) but no significant association was observed with other a priori dietary patterns. In this population of Mexican women, higher adherence to Mediterranean diet was associated with lower WC but other a priori dietary scores appeared to be of limited value in exploring the association between diet and anthropometric measures.

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Dietary Patterns and Anthropometric Measures of Indian Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders ◽

10.1007/s10803-018-3850-0 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 1586-1598 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Seema Siddiqi ◽

Asna Urooj ◽

Melwin James D’Souza

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Indian Children ◽

Anthropometric Measures

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Meal patterns associated with energy intake in people with obesity

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521002580 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-48

Author(s):

Cathrine Horn ◽

Johnny Laupsa-Borge ◽

Amanda I. O. Andersen ◽

Laurence Dyer ◽

Ingrid Revheim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Fast Food ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Activity Level ◽

Eating Patterns ◽

Food Groups ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Meal Patterns

Abstract It is widely assumed that people with obesity have several common eating patterns, including breakfast-skipping (1), eating during the night (2) and high fast-food consumption (3). However, differences in individual meal and dietary patterns may be crucial to optimizing obesity treatment. Therefore, we investigated the inter-individual variation in eating patterns, hypothesizing that individuals with obesity show different dietary and meal patterns, and that these associate with self-reported energy intake (rEI) and/or anthropometric measures. Cross-sectional data from 192 participants (aged 20–55 years) with obesity, including 6 days of weighed food records, were analyzed. Meal patterns and dietary patterns were derived using exploratory hierarchical cluster analysis and k-means cluster analysis, respectively. Five clear meal patterns were found based on the time-of-day with the highest mean rEI. The daily rEI (mean ± SD kcal) was highest among “midnight-eaters” (2550 ± 550), and significantly (p < 0.05) higher than “dinner-eaters” (2060 ± 550), “lunch-eaters” (2080 ± 520), and “supper-eaters” (2100 ± 460), but not “regular-eaters” (2330 ± 650). Despite differences of up to 490 kcal between meal patterns, there were no significant differences in anthropometric measures or physical activity level (PAL). Four dietary patterns were also found with significant differences in intake of specific food groups, but without significant differences in anthropometry, PAL, or rEI. Our data highlight meal timing as a determinant of individual energy intake in people with obesity. The study supports the importance of considering a person’s specific meal pattern, with possible implications for more person-focused guidelines and targeted advice.

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Associations between mother–child dyad dietary patterns and child anthropometric measures among 6-year-old children

European Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1007/s00431-021-04180-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maedeh Moradi ◽

Yahya Jalilpiran ◽

Mohammadreza Askari ◽

Pamela J. Surkan ◽

Leila Azadbakht

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Anthropometric Measures

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An Eight-Week Time-Restricted Feeding Study Reduces Body Weight in College Students: A Pilot Study

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab039_007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 471-471

Author(s):

Selicia Mayra ◽

Carol Johnston

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Body Weight ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Life Time ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Intermittent Fasting ◽

Restricted Feeding ◽

Anthropometric Measures

Abstract Objectives College students’ dietary patterns may predispose them to weight gain and risk for cardiometabolic conditions later in life. Time-restricted feeding (TRF), a type of intermittent fasting, may confer health benefits, including reductions in body weight. Currently, it is unknown if TRF might impact diet quality. The objective of this randomized controlled study was to assess the feasibility of a TRF protocol versus a control (CON) protocol for eight weeks on dietary patterns, anthropometric measures, and cardiometabolic indices in college students. We hypothesized that dietary patterns, anthropometric measures, and cardiometabolic indices would improve for participants in the TRF group. Methods Healthy college students were randomly assigned to a TRF intervention group (six-hour daily eating window) or a CON (16-hour daily eating window) for eight weeks. One ‘cheat’ day was permitted each week, and outcomes were measured at weeks zero, four, and eight. Due to COVID-19 restrictions, data collection at week eight was incomplete and these data were not viable; hence, only change data at week four are reported. The Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants [shortened version] questionnaire was used to assess shifts in dietary patterns. Results Of the 25 initial participants, 17 completed the study (TRF group; n = 7; CON group; n = 10; age, 23 ± 4 years; BMI, 23.2 ± 2.3 kg/m2). Six TRF participants withdrew from the trial (43%) due to study-related side effects, including excess hunger and poor energy; additionally, in each group, a single participant was lost to follow-up. Change in body weight at week four was significantly different between the TRF group (−1.1 ± 1.6 kg) and the CON group (0.7 ± 1.3 kg); (P = 0.016). There were no between-group differences for change in dietary patterns and cardiometabolic indices (P > 0.05). Conclusions Although dietary patterns and cardiometabolic indices were not altered between groups over the course of the trial, body weight was reduced in the TRF participants compared to the CON participants. These preliminary data suggest that an 18-hour TRF protocol may be useful for weight reduction; however, this protocol is difficult to follow. Future studies should identify modifications to make TRF more acceptable to users and focus on diet quality. Funding Sources Arizona State University.

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