scholarly journals A STUDY OF FEAR PROVOKING ENVIRONMENTAL CUES AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS ON UNIVERSITY CAMPUS’ THRESHOLD AREA

Arsitektura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Enira Arvanda
Keyword(s):  
Women Students ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Potential Site ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

<p class="Abstract">University campus is widely perceived as a safe and controlled environment for students. However, its perimeter area that serves as a threshold between the campus and its surrounding neighborhood, is mostly less developed. Hence, it might become a potential site for unlikely events such as a crime. This paper will investigate women students’ perceived risk on the campus threshold area and identify environmental cues that provoke fear of potential risk. Moreover, it also questions how the students relate their sense of safety to a setting. To confirm the hypothesis, we distributed a structured questionnaire using an online survey platform. As a result, several environmental cues have been identified as fear-provoking and the findings confirm female students’ tendency to assess potential risk from available environmental cues.</p>

scholarly journals RASA TAKUT AKAN TINDAK KEJAHATAN PADA RUANG PUBLIK TRANSIT BAWAH TANAH STASIUN MANGGARAI

Vitruvian ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Nevine Rafa Kusuma ◽  
Enira Arvanda
Keyword(s):  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Train Station ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
National University ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRAKKeberadaan fasilitas publik di bawah tanah saat ini semakin banyak berkembang di kota Jakarta. Dalam prosesnya, pengadaan infrastruktur tersebut, lebih fokus pada aspek fisik secara fungsi. Seiring berjalannya waktu, muncul berbagai isu mengenai perasaan takut terhadap tindak kejahatan terkait keamanan dan kenyamanan bagi pengguna wanita.  Salah satu penyebabnya, fasilitas yang ada secara fisik masih belum banyak mempertimbangkan kebutuhan kaum wanita, terutama dalam hal keamanan dan kenyamanan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi relasi rasa takut pengguna perempuan terhadap lingkungan jalur underpass atau Tempat Penyeberangan Orang (TPO) bawah tanah dan juga mengetahui faktor lingkungan yang mendominasi rasa takut tersebut. Metode yang digunakan untuk penelitian adalah dengan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur yang didistrubusikan melalui media survei online, kepada para mahasiswi di sebuah kampus negeri di Depok dan juga survey langsung di lokasi penelitian. Hasil yang didapatkan melalui riset ini menguatkan beberapa riset terdahulu bahwa adanya relasi yang kuat antara aspek fisik lingkungan TPO dengan perasaan takut akan tindak kejahatan pada pengguna wanita.Kata Kunci:   Perasaan takut akan tindak kejahatan (fear of crime), Tempat Penyeberangan Orang, bawah tanah (underground), pengguna wanita  ABSTRACTThe train station as one of the public facilities supporting activities intended for the entire community. Underground public in Jakarta has been increasingly developed. In this infrastructure, the focus is more on functional physical aspects. Over time, various issues has been emerged regarding fear of crime related to security and comfort for female users. One of the reasons, the physical facilities has not been considered for the needs of female users, especially in terms of security and comfort. The aim of this study is to identify the relation between female users’ fear of crime and the environment of underpasses and also to understand the environmental factors that dominate it. To confirm the hypothesis, we distributed structured questionnairse using an online survey platform to female students in one of national university in Depok and also direct survey in research location. As a result, several environmental cues have been identified as fear-provoking and the findings confirm the relation between female users’ fear of crime and physical aspect in underpass.Keywords: Fear of crime, Underpass, Underground, women user

scholarly journals Perceptions and Experiences of the University of Nottingham Pilot Asymptomatic Testing Service: A Mixed-Methods Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Blake ◽  
Jessica Corner ◽  
Cecilia Cirelli ◽  
Juliet Hassard ◽  
Lydia Briggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
First Year ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Testing Service ◽  
University Life ◽  
Testing Uptake

We aimed to explore student and staff perceptions and experiences of a pilot COVID-19 asymptomatic testing service (P-ATS) in a UK university campus setting. This was a mixed-method study comprised of an online survey, and thematic analysis of qualitative data from interviews and focus groups conducted at the end of the 12-week P-ATS programme. Ninety-nine students (84.8% female, 70% first year; 93.9% P-ATS participants) completed an online survey, 41 individuals attended interviews or focus groups, including 31 students (21 first year; 10 final year) and 10 staff. All types of testing and logistics were highly acceptable (virus: swab, saliva; antibody: finger prick) and 94.9% would participate again. Reported adherence to weekly virus testing was high (92.4% completed &ge;6 tests; 70.8% submitted all 10 swabs; 89.2% completed &ge;1 saliva sample) and 76.9% submitted &ge;3 blood samples. Students tested to &lsquo;keep campus safe&rsquo;, &lsquo;contribute to national efforts to control COVID-19&rsquo;, and &lsquo;protect others&rsquo;. 31.3% had high anxiety as measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) (27.1% of first year). Students with lower levels of anxiety and greater satisfaction with university communications around P-ATS were more likely to adhere to virus and antibody tests. Increased adherence to testing was associated with higher perceived risk of COVID-19 to self (virus) and others (antibody). Qualitative findings revealed 5 themes and 13 sub-themes: &lsquo;emotional responses to COVID-19&rsquo;, &lsquo;university life during COVID-19&rsquo;, &lsquo;influences on testing participation&rsquo;, &lsquo;testing physical and logistical factors&rsquo; and &lsquo;testing effects on mental wellbeing&rsquo;. Asymptomatic COVID-19 testing (virus/antibodies) is highly acceptable to students and staff in a university campus setting. Clear communications and support for mental wellbeing is likely to be important for testing uptake and adherence. Strategies are needed to facilitate social connections and mitigate the mental health impacts of COVID-19 and self-isolation.

scholarly journals Perceptions and Experiences of the University of Nottingham Pilot SARS-CoV-2 Asymptomatic Testing Service: A Mixed-Methods Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Holly Blake ◽  
Jessica Corner ◽  
Cecilia Cirelli ◽  
Juliet Hassard ◽  
Lydia Briggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
First Year ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Testing Service ◽  
University Life ◽  
Testing Uptake

We aimed to explore student and staff perceptions and experiences of a pilot SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic testing service (P-ATS) in a UK university campus setting. This was a mixed-method study comprised of an online survey, and thematic analysis of qualitative data from interviews and focus groups conducted at the mid-point and end of the 12-week P-ATS programme. Ninety-nine students (84.8% female, 70% first year; 93.9% P-ATS participants) completed an online survey, 41 individuals attended interviews or focus groups, including 31 students (21 first year; 10 final year) and 10 staff. All types of testing and logistics were highly acceptable (virus: swab, saliva; antibody: finger prick) and 94.9% would participate again. Reported adherence to weekly virus testing was high (92.4% completed ≥6 tests; 70.8% submitted all 10 swabs; 89.2% completed ≥1 saliva sample) and 76.9% submitted ≥3 blood samples. Students tested to “keep campus safe”, “contribute to national efforts to control COVID-19”, and “protect others”. In total, 31.3% had high anxiety as measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) (27.1% of first year). Students with lower levels of anxiety and greater satisfaction with university communications around P-ATS were more likely to adhere to virus and antibody tests. Increased adherence to testing was associated with higher perceived risk of COVID-19 to self and others. Qualitative findings revealed 5 themes and 13 sub-themes: “emotional responses to COVID-19”, “university life during COVID-19”, “influences on testing participation”, “testing physical and logistical factors” and “testing effects on mental wellbeing”. Asymptomatic COVID-19 testing (SARS-CoV-2 virus/antibodies) is highly acceptable to students and staff in a university campus setting. Clear communications and strategies to reduce anxiety are likely to be important for testing uptake and adherence. Strategies are needed to facilitate social connections and mitigate the mental health impacts of COVID-19 and self-isolation.

scholarly journals Willingness to Receive the COVID-19 and Seasonal Influenza Vaccines among the Saudi Population and Vaccine Uptake During the Initial Stage of the National Vaccination Campaign: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 765
Author(s):  
Amel Ahmed Fayed ◽  
Abeer Salem Al Shahrani ◽  
Leenah Tawfiq Almanea ◽  
Nardeen Ibrahim Alsweed ◽  
Layla Mohammed Almarzoug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
To Receive

This study aimed to assess the willingness to receive the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and seasonal influenza vaccines and vaccine uptake during the early stage of the national vaccination campaign in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among adult Saudis between 20 January and 20 March 2021. The questionnaire addressed vaccine hesitancy, perceived risk, willingness, and vaccine uptake. Approximately 39% of the participants expressed vaccine hesitancy, and 29.8% and 24% felt highly vulnerable to contracting COVID-19 and seasonal influenza, respectively. The majority (59.5%) were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, although only 31.7% were willing to receive the flu vaccine. Adjusted analysis showed that vaccine hesitancy (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.27–0.43) and the perception of being at high risk (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.68–4.60) independently affected the intention to be vaccinated. Vaccine hesitancy was similar among those who were willing to be vaccinated (29.8%) and those who had already been vaccinated (33.1%). The perceived risk was significantly higher among those who had been vaccinated (48.1%) than among those who were willing to be vaccinated but had not yet been vaccinated (29.1%). In conclusion, the acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine in Saudi Arabia is high. Saudis who received the vaccine had a similar level of vaccine hesitancy and a higher level of perceived risk.

scholarly journals Polarized nature of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan: associations with population age structure and behaviours

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junko Okumura
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Population Age Structure ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Drinking Places

Abstract Background Although the scale of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic was relatively small in Japan compared with the rest of the world, the polarisation of areas into high- and low-COVID-19-incidence areas was observed among the 47 prefectures. The aims of this study were not only identifying the factors associated with the polarised COVID-19 pandemic in Japan but also discussing effective preventive measures. Methods This was an ecological study using online survey data which was cross-sectionally conducted by the author. A total of 6000 respondents who resided in 10 low- and 10 high-COVID-19 incidence prefectures, with a wide gap in terms of COVID-19 incidence, in Japan were recruited. Data on COVID-19 cases and geodemographic information were obtained from official government sites. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare variables between the two areas and age groups. Results This study revealed that that age influenced people’s behaviours and perceptions, except one behaviour of ‘wearing facemasks’. The major factors significantly associated with the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases per 100,000 people were ‘commuting by private automobile’ (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.444; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.394–0.501), ‘commuting by public transportation’ (AOR, 6.813; 95% CI, 5.567–8.336), ‘washing hands’ (AOR, 1.233; 95% CI, 1.005–1.511), ‘opening windows regularly’ (AOR, 1.248; 95% CI, 1.104–1.412), ‘avoiding crowded places (AOR, 0.757; 95% CI, 0.641–0.893), ‘non-scheduled visits to drinking places’ (AOR, 1.212; 95% CI, 1.054–1.392) and ‘perceived risk of contracting COVID-19’ (AOR, 1.380; 95% CI, 1.180–1.612). These factors were strongly associated with age groups. Conclusions Effective preventive measures for COVID-19 transmission can be developed by understanding the characteristics of populated areas, such as public transportation infrastructure and younger people’s movements and behaviours in relation to the population age structure to contain the current epidemic and protect the most vulnerable elderly people.

scholarly journals Social Distance during the COVID-19 Pandemic Reflects Perceived Rather Than Actual Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5504
Author(s):  
Tina Iachini ◽  
Francesca Frassinetti ◽  
Francesco Ruotolo ◽  
Filomena Leonela Sbordone ◽  
Antonella Ferrara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Interpersonal Distance ◽  
Actual Risk ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Environmental Events ◽  
Related Level

Interpersonal space (IPS) is the area surrounding our own bodies in which we interact comfortably with other individuals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, keeping larger IPS than usual, along with wearing a face mask, is one of the most effective measures to slow down the COVID-19 outbreak. Here, we explore the contribution of actual and perceived risk of contagion and anxiety levels in regulating our preferred social distance from other people during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. In this study, 1293 individuals from six Italian regions with different levels of actual risk of infection participated in an online survey assessing their perceived risk to be infected, level of anxiety and IPS. Two tasks were adopted as measures of interpersonal distance: the Interpersonal Visual Analogue Scale and a questionnaire evaluating interpersonal distance with and without face mask. The results showed that the IPS regulation was affected by how people subjectively perceived COVID-19 risk and the related level of anxiety, not by actual objective risk. This clarifies that the role of threat in prompting avoidant behaviors expressed in increased IPS does not merely reflect environmental events but rather how they are subjectively experienced and represented.

Applying Expanded Servicescape to the Hotel Industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 109634802110115
Author(s):  
Seonjeong (Ally) Lee ◽  
Ning-Kuang Chuang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Practical Implications

The physical environment plays an essential role in customers’ hotel stay experiences. Hotels offer a differentiated atmosphere that creates favorable customers’ evaluations. Based on the significant role of environmental cues, this study investigates the effects of an expanded servicescape on customers’ evaluations, including customer satisfaction, quality of life, and customer loyalty, in the context of the hotel industry. To test the proposed research framework, this study collects data from previous hotel customers and conducts a self-administered, online survey. Findings identified ambience, interactions with employees, authenticity, and fascination positively influenced customers’ satisfaction, which further influenced customer loyalty. Only ambience and fascination positively influenced quality of life, which in turn influenced customer loyalty. Results contributed to the application of expanded servicescape in the hotel context. Results also suggested practical implications of the holistic approach of servicescape in the hotel industry.

scholarly journals The antecedents of Muslim customers’ intention to invest in an Islamic bank’s term deposits: evidence from a Muslim majority country

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Rahayu Hijrah Hati ◽  
Sigit Sulistiyo Wibowo ◽  
Anya Safira
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Product Knowledge ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Islamic Bank

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of product knowledge, perceived quality, perceived risk and perceived value on customers’ intention to invest in Islamic Banks. This study specifically examines an Islamic bank’s term deposits. Design/methodology/approach Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data collected from 217 customers of an Islamic bank in Indonesia using an online survey. Findings This study highlights the central and dual roles of perceived risk as both the independent and the intervening variable that mediates the relationship between product knowledge and Muslim customer intention to invest in an Islamic bank’s term deposits. Research limitations/implications This study only investigates term deposits as one type of investment in Islamic banks. This study contributes to the literature by examining the role of product knowledge, perceived quality, perceived risk and perceived value on Muslim customer intention to invest in Islamic term deposits. Practical implications The results of this study highlight the requirement for Islamic banks to educate customers to improve the depositors’ product knowledge because Muslim customers’ risk and value perception and intention are strongly influenced by product knowledge. Originality/value The investigation of perceived risk is particularly relevant for Islamic financial products because of the inherent nature of risk sharing in Islamic finance. This study investigates the role of product knowledge in influencing the Muslim customers’ perception of risk, quality, value and their intention to invest in Islamic bank term deposits. Ideally, the profit loss sharing concept (PLS) should be applied; however, in this context, revenue sharing is applied because of Indonesia’s central bank regulation.

scholarly journals Exposure of Petrol Station Attendants and Auto Mechanics to Premium Motor Sprit Fumes in Calabar, Nigeria

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Udonwa ◽  
E. K. Uko ◽  
B. M. Ikpeme ◽  
I. A. Ibanga ◽  
B. O. Okon
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Petrol Station ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

A population-based-cross-sectional survey was carried out to investigate the potential risk of exposure to premium motor spirit (PMS) fumes in Calabar, Nigeria, among Automobile Mechanics (AM), Petrol Station Attendants (PSA) and the general population. Structured questionnaire was administered on the randomly chosen subjects to elicit information on their exposure to PMS. Duration of exposure was taken as the length of work in their various occupations. Venous blood was taken for methaemoglobin (MetHb) and packed cells volume (PCV). Mean MetHb value was higher in AM (7.3%) and PSA (5.8%) than in the subjects from the general population (2.7%). PCV was lower in PSA (30.8%), than AM (33.3%) and the subjects from the general population (40.8%). MetHb level was directly proportional, and PCV inversely related, to the duration of exposure. The study suggested increased exposure to petrol fumes among AM, PSA, and MetHb as a useful biomarker in determining the level of exposure to benzene in petrol vapour.

scholarly journals Birth desires and intentions of women diagnosed with a meningioma

2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 1151-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Owens ◽  
Benjamin M. Craig ◽  
Kathleen M. Egan ◽  
Damon R. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Reproductive Decisions ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factors For Recurrence ◽  
The Impact

OBJECT To the authors' knowledge, no previous study has examined the impact of meningioma diagnosis on women's birth desires and intentions. In an exploratory study, the authors surveyed women affected by meningioma to determine their attitudes toward childbearing and the influences, including physician recommendations, on this major life decision and compared their responses to those of women in the general population. METHODS Meningioma survivors from the Meningioma Mommas online support group participated in an online survey that included questions on their birth desires and intentions, whether the risk of disease recurrence influenced their reproductive decisions, and risks communicated to them by their physicians. Using chi-square and rank-sum tests, the authors compared the survey participants' responses with those of the general population as assessed by the 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth. Logistic regression was used to adjust for differences in age, race, ethnicity, education, parity, pregnancy status, and infertility status in these populations. RESULTS Respondents with meningioma were more likely than those in the general population to report wanting a baby (70% vs 54%, respectively), intending to have a baby (27% vs 12%, respectively), and being very sure about this intention (10% vs 2%, respectively). More than half (32 of 61) of the women of childbearing age reported being advised by a physician about potential risk factors for recurrence of the meningioma, and pregnancy was the most commonly cited risk factor (26 of 61). The most common factor influencing birth desires and intentions was risk of the meningioma returning and requiring more treatment, which was reported by nearly two-thirds of the women in their childbearing years. CONCLUSIONS A majority of the meningioma survivors of childbearing age who completed the survey reported a desire for children, although concern about the risk of meningioma recurrence was an important factor for these women when making reproductive decisions. Physicians are in a position to educate their patients on potential risk factors for recurrence and to provide contact information for services such as counseling and family planning.

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