scholarly journals Jet-Niche Technology Influence Potential on the Economic and Operating Parameters of the Fire-Engineering Equipment

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Kateryna Horban ◽  
Oleksandr Siryi ◽  
Myhailo Abdulin
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Fire Engineering ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Reduction Of Nox ◽  
European Standards ◽  
High Level

The Power engineering is an inseparable part of the contemporary world that has a negative influence on the ecology; in particular it provokes the pollution of atmosphere with such harmful emissions as nitrogen and carbon oxides. Different methods are used to reduce the emission of harmful substances. The efficiency of such methods is increased when these are used in combination and not separately. The recirculation of flue gases and the use of contemporary technologies for municipal boilers, in particular jet-niche technology (JNT) enabled the reduction of NOx and СО emissions to the levels that meet the requirements of European standards simultaneously improving the efficiency of the operation of the fire-engineering facility. The principle of operation of the JNT is based on the formation of the compact stable self-controlled vortex structure and on the interaction system of flammable and oncoming oxidizer flows. This technology enables the operation at minimum recirculation values and it means that all boiler parameters can be retained, in particular starting characteristic, combustion stability and unavailability of vibration modes including a high level of fuel burnout. The obtained research data showed that NОх values were in the range of 80 to 140 mg/m3 when the oxygen content at the furnace inlet was 20% and lower for different boiler systems (DKBR-10, KVGM-6.5, PTVM-50) at CO values close to 50 mg/m2. Hence, the use of the burners of a JNT type enables the reduction of NОхemissions and retains the combustion process efficiency.

Extraction and Determination of Physico-chemical Properties of Oil from Watermelon Seeds (Citrullus lanatus L) to Use in Internal Combustion Engines

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2676-2681
Author(s):  
Mihaela Gabriela Dumitru ◽  
Dragos Tutunea
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Geometrical Mean ◽  
Reduction Of Nox

The purpose of this work was to investigate the physicochemical properties of watermelon seeds and oil and to find out if this oil is suitable and compatible with diesel engines. The results showed that the watermelon seeds had the maximum length (9.08 mm), width (5.71mm), thickness (2.0 mm), arithmetic mean diameter (5.59 mm), geometrical mean diameter (4.69 mm), sphericity (51.6%), surface area (69.07), volume 0.17 cm3 and moisture content 5.4%. The oil was liquid at room temperature, with a density and refractive index of 0.945 and 1.4731 respectively acidity value (1.9 mgNaOH/g), free fatty acid (0.95 mgNaOH), iodine value (120 mgI2/100g), saponification value (180 mgKOH/g), antiradical activity (46%), peroxide value (7.5 mEqO2/Kg), induction period (6.2 h), fatty acid: palmitic acid (13.1%), stearic acid (9.5 %), oleic acid (15.2 %) and linoleic acid (61.3%). Straight non food vegetable oils can offer a solution to fossil fuels by a cleaner burning with minimal adaptation of the engine. A single cylinder air cooled diesel engine Ruggerini RY 50 was used to measure emissions of various blends of watermelon oil (WO) and diesel fuel (WO10D90, WO20D80, WO30D70 and WO75D25). The physic-chemical properties of the oil influence the combustion process and emissions leading to the reduction of NOX and the increase in CO, CO2 and HC.

scholarly journals The Effect of RME-1-Butanol Blends on Combustion, Performance and Emission of a Direct Injection Diesel Engine

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2941
Author(s):  
Wojciech Tutak ◽  
Arkadiusz Jamrozik ◽  
Karol Grab-Rogaliński
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Constant Load ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Energy Share ◽  
The Stability

The main objective of this study was assessment of the performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine using RME–1-butanol blends. In assessing the combustion process, great importance was placed on evaluating the stability of this process. Not only were the typical COVIMEP indicators assessed, but also the non-burnability of the characteristic combustion stages: ignition delay, time of 50% heat release and the end of combustion. The evaluation of the combustion process based on the analysis of heat release. The tests carried out on a 1-cylinder diesel engine operating at a constant load. Research and evaluation of the combustion process of a mixture of RME and 1-butanol carried out for the entire range of shares of both fuels up to 90% of 1-butanol energetic fraction. The participation of butanol in combustion process with RME increased the in-cylinder peak pressure and the heat release rate. With the increase in the share of butanol there was noted a decrease in specific energy consumption and an increase in engine efficiency. The share of butanol improved the combustion stability. There was also an increase in NOx emissions and decrease in CO and soot emissions. The engine can be power by blend up to 80% energy share of butanol.

scholarly journals Effects of Catalysts on Emissions of Pollutants from Combustion Processes of Liquid Fuels

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bok ◽  
Joanna Guziałowska-Tic ◽  
Wilhelm Jan Tic
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Organometallic Complexes ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Motor Fuels ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Fuel Oils ◽  
Sulphur Oxides ◽  
Dynamic Growth ◽  
Combustion Processes

Abstract The dynamic growth of the use of non-renewable fuels for energy purposes results in demand for catalysts to improve their combustion process. The paper describes catalysts used mainly in the processes of combustion of motor fuels and fuel oils. These catalysts make it possible to raise the efficiency of oxidation processes simultanously reducing the emission of pollutants. The key to success is the selection of catalyst compounds that will reduce harmful emissions of combustion products into the atmosphere. Catalysts are introduced into the combustion zone in form of solutions miscible with fuel or with air supplied to the combustion process. The following compounds soluble in fuel are inclused in the composition of the described catalysts: organometallic complexes, manganese compounds, salts originated from organic acids, ferrocen and its derivatives and sodium chloride and magnesium chloride responsible for burning the soot (chlorides). The priority is to minimize emissions of volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, and carbon monoxide, as well as particulate matter.

A Study of the NOx Emission in a Regenerative Industrial Furnace

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Jiang ◽  
Chao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mixture Fraction ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Moment Closure ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Industrial Furnace ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Reduction Of Nox ◽  
Closure Method ◽  
Probability Density Function Pdf

Abstract A study of the nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission and combustion process in a gas-fired regenerative, high temperature, low emission industrial furnace has been carried out numerically. The effect of two additives, methanol (CH3OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), to fuel on the NOx emission has been studied. A moment closure method with the assumed β probability density function (PDF) for mixture fraction is used in the present work to model the turbulent non-premixed combustion process in the furnace. The combustion model is based on the assumption of instantaneous full chemical equilibrium. The results showed that CH3OH is effective in the reduction of NOx in a regenerative industrial furnace. However, H2O2 has no significant effect on the NOx emission.

Comparison of Numerical Combustion Models for Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Rich Syngas Applied for Dry-Low-NOx-Micromix-Combustion

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H.-W. Funke ◽  
N. Beckmann ◽  
J. Keinz ◽  
S. Abanteriba
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Computational Effort ◽  
Hydrogen Combustion ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Combustion Models

The Dry-Low-NOx (DLN) Micromix combustion technology has been developed as low emission combustion principle for industrial gas turbines fueled with hydrogen or syngas. The combustion process is based on the phenomenon of jet-in-crossflow-mixing. Fuel is injected perpendicular into the air-cross-flow and burned in a multitude of miniaturized, diffusion-like flames. The miniaturization of the flames leads to a significant reduction of NOx emissions due to the very short residence time of reactants in the flame. In the Micromix research approach, CFD analyses are validated towards experimental results. The combination of numerical and experimental methods allows an efficient design and optimization of DLN Micromix combustors concerning combustion stability and low NOx emissions. The paper presents a comparison of several numerical combustion models for hydrogen and hydrogen-rich syngas. They differ in the complexity of the underlying reaction mechanism and the associated computational effort. For pure hydrogen combustion a one-step global reaction is applied using a hybrid Eddy-Break-up model that incorporates finite rate kinetics. The model is evaluated and compared to a detailed hydrogen combustion mechanism derived by Li et al. including 9 species and 19 reversible elementary reactions. Based on this mechanism, reduction of the computational effort is achieved by applying the Flamelet Generated Manifolds (FGM) method while the accuracy of the detailed reaction scheme is maintained. For hydrogen-rich syngas combustion (H2-CO) numerical analyses based on a skeletal H2/CO reaction mechanism derived by Hawkes et al. and a detailed reaction mechanism provided by Ranzi et al. are performed. The comparison between combustion models and the validation of numerical results is based on exhaust gas compositions available from experimental investigation on DLN Micromix combustors. The conducted evaluation confirms that the applied detailed combustion mechanisms are able to predict the general physics of the DLN-Micromix combustion process accurately. The Flamelet Generated Manifolds method proved to be generally suitable to reduce the computational effort while maintaining the accuracy of detailed chemistry. Especially for reaction mechanisms with a high number of species accuracy and computational effort can be balanced using the FGM model.

Establishment of a Competitive Additive Manufacturing Workshop

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Ryan ◽  
Jan Schwerdtfeger ◽  
Markus Rodermann
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
High Level ◽  
Design And Manufacture

Compared to conventional manufacturing processes, additive manufacturing offers a degree of freedom that has the potential to revolutionize the turbine components supply chain. Additive manufacturing facilitates the design and manufacture of highly complex components in high performance materials with features that cannot currently be realized with other processes. In addition, shorter development and manufacturing lead-times are possible due to the flexibility of 3D based processing and the absence of expensive, complicated molds or dies. Having been confined for many years to rapid prototyping or R&D applications, additive manufacturing is now making the move to the factory floor. However, a dearth of manufacturing experience makes the development effort and risk of costly mistakes a deterrent for many organizations that would otherwise be interested in exploring the benefits of additive manufacturing. A former manufacturer of industrial gas turbines recently established an additive manufacturing workshop designed to deliver highly complex engine-ready components that can contribute to increased performance of the gas turbine. A strong emphasis on process validation and implementation of the organization’s best practice Lean and Quality methodologies has laid solid foundations for a highly capable manufacturing environment. This paper describes the approach taken to ensure that the workshop achieves a high level of operational excellence. Process development topics explored in the paper include the following: • Planning of process flow and cell layout to permit the maximum lean performance • Strategy used to determine machine specification and selection method. • Assessment of process capability • Influence of design for manufacture on process efficiency and product quality • Experience gained during actual production of first commercial components

scholarly journals Quantitative analysis of combustion process of marine dual fuel engine under the framework of iconology

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4B) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongliang Yu ◽  
◽  
Weiwei Wang ◽  
Shulin Duan ◽  
Peiting Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Image Feature ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Flame Velocity ◽  
Combustion Duration ◽  
Engine Cylinder ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
Feature Values ◽  
Logical Mapping

The methane (CH4) burning interruption factor and the characteristic values characterizing the flame combustion state in the engine cylinder were defined. The logical mapping relationship between image feature values and combustion conditions in the framework of iconology was proposed. Results show that there are two periods of combustion instability and combustion stability during the combustion of dual fuel. The high temperature region with a cylinder temperature greater than 1800K is the largest at 17°CA after top dead center (TDC), accounting for 73.25% of the combustion chamber area. During the flame propagation, the radial flame velocity and the axial flame velocity are “unimodal” and “wavy,” respectively. During the combustion process, the CH4 burning interruption factor first increased and then decreased. The combustion duration in dual fuel mode is 21.25°CA, which is 15.5°CA shorter than the combustion duration in pure diesel mode.

scholarly journals Urbanization, Work and Community: The Logic of City Life in the Contemporary World

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Urban Society ◽  
Spatial Integration ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Composite Pattern ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> I initiate the discussion with a statement about cognitive-cultural capitalism and its concentration in large global cities. This is followed by an argument to the effect that the specificity of the city resides in the manner in which the diverse social phenomena that it contains are brought into a composite pattern of spatial integration. With these preliminaries in mind, I examine the economic structure of the city in cognitive-cultural capitalism, with special reference to the emergence of a new division of labor and the changing configuration of intra-urban production space. This account leads directly to consideration of the restratification of urban society and its effects on neighborhood development and social life. The final section of the paper picks up on the notion of the Common in cognitive-cultural capitalism and offers some speculative remarks regarding the implications of this phenomenon for the economic and social order of cities.</p><p><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> Historical and geographical narrative combined with appeals to the theory of political economy.</p><p><strong>Findings:</strong> Cognitive-cultural capitalism is emerging as a dominant force of social and economic change in the twenty-first century. This trend is also evident in new patterns of urbanization that are emerging on all five continents. These patterns reflect dramatic shifts in the structure of urban production systems and the significant restratification of urban society that has been occurring as a consequence.</p><p><strong>Research Limitation/implication:</strong> The paper is pitched at a high level of conceptual abstraction. Detailed empirical investigation/testing of the main theoretical points outlined in the paper is urgently called for.</p><p><strong>Originality/Value of paper:</strong> The paper offers an overall theoretical synthesis of the interrelationships between cognitive-cultural capitalism and processes of urbanization.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of the MHS locus on growth, carcass and meat quality traits in F<sub>2</sub> crosses between Mangalitza and Piétrain breeds

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Thaller ◽  
L. Dempfle ◽  
A. Schlecht ◽  
S. Wiedemann ◽  
H. Eichinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Dna Test ◽  
Whole Genome Scan ◽  
Group Sex ◽  
High Level

Abstract. A total of 345 F2 animals from a crossbred design Mangalitza (homozygous NN) x Piétrain (homozygous nn) were fed ad libitum at the institute's Thalhausen Research Station and slaughtered at a live weight of approximately 100 kg. MHS genotypes (67 nn, 192 Nn and 86 NN) were determined directly in a DNA test targeting the ryanodine reeeptor locus. Models for analysis of variance included sire, dam, pen, slaughter group, sex and MHS effects. Growth Performance was generally lower and carcass composition minor compared to other breeds and crosses. No significant differences were found between MHS genotypes for growth traits but NN animals tended to be less eflicient with respect to food conversion. However, nearly all measurements of the carcass showed significant differences between nn and NN which were especially pronounced for sidefat thickness (−7 1mm) fat over the musculus longissimus dorsi (−8.8 mm) and loin eye area (+8.7 cm2) as well as fat area (−5.1 cm2) We found Nn animals performing similar to NN animals due to incomplete dominance of the N allele. As expected nn had a substantial negative influence on meat quality compared to NN and Nn (e.g. −0.61 and −0.15 for pH 45 min, respectively). Intramuscular fat content was at a high level and nn had significantly lower values with differences of −0.40% and −0.25% relative to NN and Nn, respectively. A whole genome scan is currently underway with emphasis on fat measurements which showed promising Variation in this study.

scholarly journals Judicial protection service and its analogues: a comparative legal research

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (47) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Oleg Reznik ◽  
Maryna Utkina ◽  
Mykola Starinskyi ◽  
Nataliia Isaieva ◽  
Liudmyla Kysil
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Organizational Issues ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
European Standards ◽  
High Level ◽  
Judicial Protection

The article's relevance is because the Judicial Protection Service is a relatively new institution, the creation of which was completed last year. However, analogs of such a service operate successfully in different countries (in particular, the United States, Canada). Effective maintenance of law and order during the court hearing is one of the main elements of the reform processes of the judicial system of Ukraine, which must directly meet European standards. Because of this, the issue of research of this institution in Ukraine and the possibility of implementing best practices in the functioning of its counterparts in foreign countries is relevant. The purpose of the study was to determine the characteristics of the judicial protection service and its analogs in different countries. The object of the study is the public relations that arise in the field of security and independence of the judiciary. The subject of the study is the principles of functioning of the judicial protection service and its analogs. The methodological basis of the study is a set of general and unique methods of cognition, in particular: dialectical, historical, descriptive, methodology of scientific analysis, and generalization—comparative law, structural-functional and analytical. Analyzing the experience of foreign countries in organizing the activities of similar institutions of the Judicial Protection Service, it was emphasized the high level of trust of judges in such judicial protection services and the close cooperation of the latter with law enforcement agencies. The authors of the article also emphasize that the formation and operation of institutions as the Judicial Protection Service directly depend on financial support, organizational issues, and personnel policy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document