scholarly journals Commissioned educational and scientific works as a freelance activity: socio-economic aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 186 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 152-160
Author(s):  
Oleg Grimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
General Context ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Large Segment ◽  
Commissioned Works

Nowadays, a large segment of shadow economy is related to educational and scientific works to order. It is characterized by significant demand. Special types of social and economic entities, their practices and interactions are formed in the structure of this market. However, meaningful characteristics of such employment are virtually unexplored. It can be noted that the place of this employment in the general context of freelance is not sufficiently studied. Its professional structure, its specifics and financial and economic characteristics, as well as social values and attitudes of performers of commissioned works, are not sufficiently studied. This paper is aimed at filling these gaps. The purpose of the paper is a socio-economic analysis of employment in preparing commissioned educational and scientific works. The results of the author’s sociological study (an expert survey of work performers, N = 48), as well as statistical and secondary sociological data are given. Social and economic parameters of preparing commissioned educational and scientific works are considered. An analysis of economic characteristics of commissioned educational and scientific works was carried out; a typology of motivations of this employment is given. The author concludes that preparation of commissioned works has social and economic attractiveness for performers in the general context of informal employment. Mechanisms for professionalization and continuation of this activity are being formed, which has an impact on market and educational institutions.

scholarly journals The Attitude of Student Youth to Manifestations of Various Types of Extremism (the Case of the Saratov Region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
I. N. Konovalov ◽  
◽  
A. S. Azarova ◽  
D. N. Markin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Radical Ideas

The article is concerned with the phenomenon of extremism among youth. Analyzing the features of modern youth extremism the authors substantiated their conditioning by social, age, historical, and cultural factors. Young people tend to protest and reject the existing system, all-or-nothing thinking. While the phenomena identified as extremism today, repeatedly arose in the process of historical social development. A distinctive feature of the majority of extremist organizations at the present time is their focus on the issues of national identity or the political structure of the Russian society and state, using the principles of a totalitarian sect. In their activities destructive religious organizations themselves are also, as a rule, based on radical ideas, which is why they are recognized as extremist. The article presents the findings of the sociological study conducted in Saratov’s higher educational institutions. Based on the analysis of the study results the authors came to the conclusion that extremist sentiments among student youth are growing towards representatives of various nationalities and religions. The authors assumed that in order to successfully counter youth extremism, first and foremost it is necessary to clearly distinguish its causes, rooted in the society itself and shortcomings of state youth policy, from the forms of its manifestation that have social and group specific features.

DO WE NEED PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES?

2020 ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
Irina Podoynitsyna
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pros And Cons

The theses of the report are devoted to the problem of functioning of private universities in society, deter-mining their place in the educational process. A parallel is drawn with the work of private educational institutions in the United States, which have a glorious history of development dating back to the XVII century. The author of the theses relies on the analysis of special literature on this issue, formulates the success factors of American universities and the «failure factors» of Yakut private universities, and also refers to a large-scale sociological study of graduates of the Yakut Institute of Economics conducted under her leadership (Yakutsk, 469 respondents, 2016, 2017, 2018). The Author of the theses of the report con-cludes that in Russia the history of private universities began in the 90s of the twentieth century, it is quite dramatic. Branches of the capital's private universities operating in the province are at the greatest disad-vantage today. At the same time, sociologists should work on mistakes, study in detail the pros and cons of non-state universities and suggest ways to correct the situation.

The shadow economy and economic security of the state

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Dadalko ◽  
Vladimir Avdiyskiy ◽  
Nikolay Sinyavskiy
Keyword(s):  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Educational Standard ◽  
State Educational ◽  
Complex Methods ◽  
Methods Of Control

The manual is prepared according to the program of the same name. The origins and conditions of formation of the shadow economy structures, the reasons for their widespread prevalence in the current economic conditions are considered. Methods for assessing the scale of this phenomenon are given, Complex methods of control over the shadow economy and its control. The appendices contain data on the state of crime in recent years, a number of normative documents, as well as materials for practical exercises. It meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions, studying in the direction of "Economics". It is of interest to specialists in the field of economic security of the state.

scholarly journals Pendidikan Islam dan Peranannya Dalam Membangun dan Mengembangkan Kearifan Sosial

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abu Saad
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Formal Curriculum ◽  
Islamic Faith ◽  
Islamic Society

Islamic education is an education that aims to form a complete individual Muslim, develop the entire human potential both in the form of physical and spiritual, foster a harmonious relationship with God every person, man and the universe. Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia consists of institutions of formal and non-formal education. Formal Islamic education institutions have levels ranging from Elementary School, MTs, Madrasah Aliyah, Until universities like IAIN. Non- formal education institutions Islam has no hierarchy and formal curriculum, such as Majlis study groups, educational gardens Koran and so on. In a sociological study Islamic education as an institu- tion that has always experienced interaction with other social institutions. Islamic education has always had a role creating an Islamic society which has dimensions of Islamic faith and encourage life toward renewal, growth and development, human respect as individuals who have the freedom and human rights and dignity, open to all civilization. Keywords: Islamic Education, Role, Development, Local Wisdom.

scholarly journals Comparative economic analysis of superintensive and intensive apple orchards

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Capital Requirement ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Professional Expertise ◽  
Long Run

The objective of thsi study was to compare economic aspects of superintensive and intensive apple production.According to our results, conclusions and recommendations regarding the establishment of superintensive orchards are the followings: A yield of 60 tons per hectare in the average of the mature years provide a quite late payback, in this way yield losses should be avoided in the plantation of such a huge capital requirement. When yield losses happen, which cannot be avoided or may be avoided only in a limited way, up to 65 to 70 tons per hectare yield should be reached even in good years, in order to yield the average 60 tons per hectare in the long run. In this case yield losses from production technological mistakes must not be arisen. Inputs and professional expertise should be used in a maximum way in order to reach yields ensuring profitable production. Investment subsidies may ensure safer return. The return of a superintensive orchard from totally own sources may be risky under the domestic marketing conditions and selling prices, it is strongly uncertain.

scholarly journals Tax burden and shadow economy growth in Russian regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-301
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Fedotov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Sectors

The study is devoted to verification the hypothesis that a higher tax burden does not necessarily lead to the growth in the shadow economy in Russian regions. The cross-regional comparative analysis was undertaken to measure the influence of the tax burden on the shadow economy. The analysis used Rosstat workforce surveys data about the number of informal workers nationwide and by sector from 2007 to 2019. Stochastic factor analysis was used to examine the relationship between the share of informal workers and such factors as the tax burden, GRP per capita, advanced production technologies, innovation activities of organizations, industrial sectors’ and social sectors’ contribution to GRP. To determine the strength of the relationship between the factors and the resultant indicator, a correlation and cluster analysis were conducted. It has shown that there is an inverse correlation between the tax burden and informal employment. Regions with a lower tax burden tend to have higher rates of informal employment (in 2019, the correlation coefficient was –0.4274). A similar inverse correlation is observed for the level of informal employment and the macro-economic indicators – GRP per capita, innovation, and the contribution of industrial sectors to GRP. There is a direct correlation between informal employment and the contribution of social sectors to GRP. These findings shed light on the key factors conducive to the growth in the shadow economy: what matters most is the economic and innovation lag in the development of certain regions. The results of this research can be useful for policy-makers seeking to address the problem of the shadow economy in regions.

THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF DEACTIVATION OF THE RUSSIAN SHADOW ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Olga M. Lizina ◽  
◽  
Dinara A. Bistyakina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Homogeneous Groups ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Specific Factors

The shadow economy has become one of the main threats to the national security of many states. Its negative impact on economic, political, social and cultural processes requires the development of an effective mechanism for deactivating shadow economic relations. In this regard, it is very important to take into account the peculiarities and specifics of the manifestation of the shadow economy, the causes and con-sequences of its functioning. To identify the factors contributing to the growth of shadow economic activity and its consequences in the national economy, a sociological study was conducted. To compare the results of the study of the influence of factors on the level of the shadow economy, economic modeling was also carried out using the method of typological regression, implying the construction of multiple regression models in homogeneous groups iden-tified by multidimensional classification based on cluster or discriminant analysis. Based on the results of the study, general and specific factors contributing to the growth of shadow economic activity were identified. They are significant when choosing a strategy and forming a system of measures aimed at deactivating the shadow economy. Summarizing the data obtained in the course of the study on the factors, causes and consequences of the shadow economy in Russia, a number of recommendations are formulated aimed at countering shadow economic activity in two directions: tougher penalties and the actual legalization of certain forms of shadow economic activity.

Economic analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Глафира Савицкая ◽  
Glafira Savitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Financial Activity ◽  
Financial Cycles

The methods of complex in-house analysis of the results of production and financial activity of the enterprise taking into account domestic, foreign experience and own developments of the author are stated. This publication provides a fuller analysis of methods of production costs, investment activities of the organization,financial results, efficiency and intensity of use of capital, cash flow, justification of management decisions,financial risk assessment. The methods of determining the effect of financial leverage, operating and financial cycles are revised. At the end of each Chapter are the control questions and tasks to consolidate knowledge. For students of higher educational institutions of economic specialties.

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