scholarly journals PENGARUH EKSTRAK METANOL KULIT BUAH JENGKOL TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH MENCIT

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Irma Ratna Kartika ◽  
Muktiningsih Muktiningsih ◽  
Fera Kurniadewi
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Eating Habit ◽  
Lower Glucose ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
Phytochemical Profile

The  study  aim  is  to  investigate  the  phytochemical  profile  and  the  effect  of  methanol  extract  of  Jengkol [Pithecellobium jiringa (Jack) Prain ex King] (Leguminoceae) on reduction of glucose blood sugar level of mice (Mus musculus L.) strain DDY. A 870 g of dried Jengkol from Cipayung was macerated with methanol in order to get dried methanol  extract  (12,75  g).  Meanwhile,  phytochemical  screening  of  the  extract  gave  the  information  that  the extract  contained  phenolic,  flavanoid,  steroid  and  saponine  compounds.  A  TLC  chromatogram  indicated  that methanol extract contained five phenolic compounds, seven flavonoid compounds and six mixtures of steroid and saponine compounds. The results showed that the extract of 450 mg/kg BW was able to lower glucose blood level as much as 66,67% more effective than other extract dosages (300 mg/kg BW, 600 mg/kg BW and 750 mg/kg BW) and the control drugs (Amaryl® 0,02 mg/kg BW, Glucobay® 1 mg/kg BW and Glucophage® 10 mg/kg BW). The maximum decrease of glucose level had been reach at day 14 of observation after administration of extracts or drugs. Hyperglycemic mice by glucose induced can be identified as animal model of type 2 diabetes due to unhealthy and unbalanced eating habit. Hence based on experiment outcome above, it can be concluded that extract dosage of 450 mg/kg BW has function as oral anti diabetic drug of type 2 diabetes. Keywords: hyperglycemia, Amaryl, Glucobay, Glucophage, diabetes, methanol extract Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil fitokimia dan pengaruh dosis ekstrak metanol kulit buah Jengkol [Pithecellobium jiringa (Jack) Prain ex King] (Leguminoceae) terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah mencit (Mus Musculus L.)  strain  DDY  dengan  waktu  pengamatan  yang  berbeda.Sebanyak  870  g  jengkol  dari  Cipayung  yang sudah  dikeringkan,  dimaserasi  dengan  pelarut  metanol  sehingga  diperoleh  ekstrak  metanol  kering  (12,75  g). Sementara,  hasil  uji  fitokimia  memberikan  informasi  bahwa kulit  buah jengkol  mengandung  senyawa  kimia golongan  fenolik,  flavonoid,  steroid,  dan  saponin. Hasil  kromatogram  dari  KLT  menunjukkan  bahwa  ekstrak metanol  kulit  buah  jengkol  mengandung  5  noda  yang  teridentifikasi  sebagai  senyawa  fenolik,  7  noda  yang teridentifikasi sebagai senyawa flavonoid, dan 6 noda yang teridentifikasi sebagai senyawa steroid dan saponin. Hasil  penelitian  menyimpulkan  bahwa  ekstrak  jengkol  dosis  450  mg/kg  BB  mampu  menurunkan  kadar  glukosa darah sebesar 66,67% lebih efektif dibanding ekstrak dosis lain (300 mg/kg BB, 600 mg/kg BB dan 750 mg/kg BB) dan kontrol obat (Amaryl® 0,02 mg/kg BB, Glucobay® 1 mg/kg BB dan Glucophage® 10 mg/kg BB). Penurunan kadar  glukosa  secara  maksimum  terjadi  pada  waktu  pengamatan  hari  ke-14  setelah  pemberian  ekstrak  atau obat. Mencit  yang  dibuat  hiperglikemia  dengan  cara  diberi  glukosa  berlebih  setiap  hari,  dapat  dijadikan  sebagai model hewan yang mengalami diabetes tipe 2 karena pola makanan yang tidak sehat dan seimbang. Oleh karena itu berdasarkan hasil percobaan di atas dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa dosis 450 mg/kg BB dapat berfungsi sebagai obat antidiabetes oral tipe 2. Kata Kunci:  hiperglikemia, Amaryl®, Glucobay®, Glucophage®, diabetes, ekstrak metanol  

scholarly journals THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING HEXANE AND METHANOL EXTRACT OF SINYO NAKAL (DURANTA REPENS)

2020 ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
PURWANTININGSIH SUGITA ◽  
RIZKI AMILIA ◽  
BUDI ARIFIN ◽  
DYAH UTAMI CAHYANING RAHAYU ◽  
HANHAN DIANHAR
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Unsaponifiable Fraction ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Based Medicine

Objective: Phytochemicals are naturally present in every part of plants range from leaves, stem bark, and fruits to roots. The use of plant-based medicine is popular among individuals and communities in developing countries. This study evaluated that the phytochemical profile of Duranta repens fruits was collected from Jombang, East Java, Indonesia. Methods: Air-dried D. repens fruits were macerated by n-hexane and methanol, a separate flask. n-Hexane extract, then underwent saponification to remove fat. Then, the unsaponifiable of n-hexane and methanol extract was tested through phytochemical screening, respectively. Results: The methanol extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids, but the unsaponifiable fraction only contained steroids. The unsaponifiable fraction was found to be a mixture of hydrocarbons ranging from C13-C20, fatty acids (palmitic and linoleic acid), squalene, and Vitamin E. Conclusion: The phytochemical screening of the plant plays an important role for pharmaceutical studies especially discovering new potential drugs for the treatment of various diseases.

scholarly journals Effective Response to DPP-4 Inhibitors in Patients of COVID – 19 Triggered Uncontrolled Type 2 DM – A Case Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Akshay Dahiwele ◽  
Shailesh Patil ◽  
Sarju Zilate ◽  
Harsh Salankar ◽  
Sonali Rode
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Glargine Insulin ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
To Come

Introduction: A bidirectional relationship exist between the COVID -19 diagnosed & recovered patient and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. As per the various article available in public domain it has been proved that entry of COVID – 19 virus can lead to a series of pathological changes into a patient’s body which may lead to the development of insulin resistance and damage to the pancreas. The patient in our case was a COVID – 19 survivor which was diagnosed with type 2 DM during the treatment. The patient was started with the Glargine insulin when she was undergoing her treatment in the hospital for COVID – 19 Symptoms. Her fasting and postprandial blood sugar level was controlled with the insulin. After her discharged she was started with the Metformin 500 mg twice a day but her blood sugar was not controlled with the Metformin monotherapy, so we started with the triple drug combination Metformin + Glimepiride + Pioglitazone. After 1 month of follow-up, it was seen that the blood sugar level was not controlled, so the Pioglitazone was replaced with the DPP-4 inhibitor drug Vildagliptin and again the patient was asked to come for follow-up after 15 days, it was seen in this follow-up that the patients’ blood sugar was dramatically controlled. Conclusion: COVID – 19 triggered Type 2 DM is the result of cytokine storm develop during the disease. Metformin and DPP – 4 inhibitors reduce the insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes patients and helps to achieve the euglycemic goal of the patient.

scholarly journals Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: updated evidence on their efficacy and safety in patients with type-2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
Vipul Gupta ◽  
Girish Khurana
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Initial Therapy ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Lower Glucose ◽  
Glucose Reabsorption ◽  
Metabolic Aspect ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Renal Tubular

Management of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is challenging. The scope of existing therapies toward T2DM has transformed remarkably. These large assortments of therapies have produced evidence-based data. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT-2i) is the most recent class of oral anti-hyperglycemic agents. They are approved by Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. SGLT-2i has a unique mechanism of action and that lower glucose independent of insulin. They reduce renal tubular glucose reabsorption, thereby lowering blood glucose without stimulating the release of insulin. Additional advantages involve suitable effects on blood pressure and weight. According to guidelines of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/ the American College of Endocrinology 2016, SGLT-2i (in the form of canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin) is one of the acceptable alternatives to metformin as initial therapy towards T2DM. Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and empagliflozin reduce the cardiovascular risk in comparison to placebo as the part of standard care. This review article focuses on the clinical trials published over the past year and specifically the metabolic aspect of SGLT-2i and the adverse effects related to SGLT-2 inhibitors. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among People Attending Medical Camp in a Community Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (225) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Kushwaha ◽  
Anuj Raj Kadel
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Community Hospital ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Random Blood Sugar

Introduction: Diabetes is a health problem on the rise in developing countries like Nepal. Oftenin the suburban and rural areas, patients are diagnosed in the late stages with complications. Theaim of this study is to find out the prevalence of diabetes type 2 in a community hospital of Nepal. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study done in a community hospital from January toMarch of 2019 after ethical clearance (Registration number: 150320192) from the institutional reviewcommittee of Kathmandu Medical College. Convenient sampling technique was used. Glucometerusing glucose sticks is used to measure random blood sugar level and relevant questions were askedin a short interview. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20version. Results: Out of a total of 114 people, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was 5 (4.38%). Amongthose 5 (4.385%) people with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 2 (1.75%) were female and 3 (2.63%) were male.The minimum age of the patient was 17 years and the maximum age was 92 years. Five out of 95patients with mild physical activity had random blood sugar more than 200 mg/dl and five out of46 alcoholic patients had random blood sugar levels more than 200 mg/dl. Only 1 out of 26 smokershad a random blood sugar level of more than 200 mg/dl. Conclusions: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 in our study population is quite high. Earlydetection of diabetes mellitus type 2 can be a good screening tool for early treatment and preventionof complications.  

scholarly journals Hubungan Asupan Zink, Magnesium, dan Serat dengan Kadar Gula Darah Puasa Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Temanggung

Jurnal Gizi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Efina Amanda ◽  
Salsa Bening
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Sugar ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Magnesium Intake ◽  
Sugar Levels

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 occurs because of insulin resistance, on of the contributing factors is the lack of intake of micronutrients (zinc and magnesium) and macro (fiber). The prevalence of DM in Temanggung is 1,6%. There are 45 patients suffering from type 2 diabetes at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Temanggung which have zinc, magnesium, and fiber intake below normal (deficit). The study aims to analyze the relationship of zinc, magnesium, and fiber intake with fasting blood sugar levels at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital in Temanggung. The research is a cross sectional design with 45 responden taken with purposive sampling technique. Statistical analysis using kolmogorov smirnov normality test was tested using the spearman correlation test. Data collection of zinc, magnesium, and fiber intake using the 2x24 hour recall and FFQ form while the blood sugar level data is obtained from the patient’s medical record book. The result showed that there was a relationship between zinc intake to fasting sugar levels of patients (p=0,000), there was a correlation between magnesium intake to fasting blood sugar levels in patients (p=0,000). There is a relationship between zinc, magnesium, and fiber intake to fasting blood sugar levels. Keywords: Zink Intake, Magnesium Intake, Fiber Intake, Fasting Blood Sugar Level, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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