Productivity of Different Local Sheep Breeds Fed by Water Spinach Straw

The decline in forage production during the dry season has an impact on the growth performance of livestock at the level of smallholder. The development of agricultural system by utilizing dried agricultural by-product is an alternative solution to the problem of limited feed during the dry season. Production of water spinach reaches 12,697 tons of dry matter/year and has potential to be used as a fiber sources for livestock. Studies on the use of water spinach straw (WSS) as feed for local sheep have not been widely carried out. This study was aimed to determine the productivity of Garut sheep (GS) and thin tailed sheep (TTS) fed water spinach straw. The results of this study were expected to provide information on the use of dry WSS as a substitute for forage for local sheep for fattening purposes. GS (n = 26) and TTS (n = 27) with an age of 8-12 months and body weight ranging from 10-20 kg were feedlots for 42 days. Sheep are kept intensively in colony pens (4-5 head/pen) with an approaching of body size and body weight. Feeding is done every morning and evening. Drinking water is always available. WSS is given ad libitum and the concentrate is given increasing periodically according to the treatment phase, Starter (1-14 days), Grower (15-28 days), and Finisher (29-42 days). Data were analyzed using One way ANOVA, operated by SPSS 20.0 program. The results showed that GS and TTS had no significant differences in productivity (gain, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, feed cost, and feed cost per gain) (P>0.05). GS and TTS had the highest gain in the starter phase (2.04±1.08kg and 1.99±1.02kg, respectively) then decreased in the grower phase (1.46±0.83 kg and 1, respectively. 55±0.77 kg) and the finisher (1.61±0.77 kg and 1.59±0.74 kg, respectively). Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the GS and TTS had good productivity when fed by WSS as basal feed.

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Effects in bacon pigs of differing levels of nutrition to 20 kg. body weight

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100022091 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 301-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Henning E. Nielsen

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Live Weight ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Eye Muscle ◽

Group 4 ◽

Second Period ◽

Daily Gain

Sixteen blocks of eight littermate pigs were weaned at 3 weeks of age and each divided into four groups. Various levels of nutrition were applied to the pigs so that the four groups reached 20 kg. at 59, 68, 80 and 91 days of age, respectively.Only small differences were observed between groups in feed conversion ratio to 20 kg.; however, Group 4 required more feed per kg. gain than the three other groups.During the second period (20–90 kg.) the pigs in each group were divided into two sub-groups, which were on a high and a low plane of nutrition respectively. In both sub-groups the type of feeding before 20 kg. influenced the average daily gain and feed conversion ratio. The older the pigs were at 20 kg. the higher the daily gain and the lower the feed conversion ratio in the following period. There was an increase in daily feed intake with increased age at 20 kg. for pigs fed ad lib. during the second period.An increase in age at 20 kg. caused a significant decrease in thickness of backfat, a greater area of eye muscle and a smaller area of fat overlying muscle. For pigs fed ad lib. the area of eye muscle was significantly increased by a higher age at 20 kg. live-weight.

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Effect of Yeast Type and Dose on Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Rabbits Fed Maize or Barley

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-1331 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amr M.A. Elmasry ◽

Luis A. Miranda ◽

Germán Mendoza ◽

Fernando X. Plata

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Body Weight ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Control Diet ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Yeast Concentration

Background: The effects of the probiotics vary with the doses and strains used for this reason, a study was conducted over 35 days to determine the effect of live yeast supplementation in the diet of growing rabbits on growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility.Methods: A total of 60 New Zealand and California rabbits (5 weeks old, average body weight 0.881±0.015 kg) were housed in 30 cages. They were fed with a control diet based on alfalfa and maize or barley grains and supplemented with Procreatin®7 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I 1077) or Biosaf® SC47 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC Sc47) at three doses, namely 0, 6.4, or 12.8 ×109 CFU per kg basal diet.Result: The higher yeast concentration had a positive effect (P less than 0.01) on final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG) and carcass weight (CW). However, there were no significant differences in dry matter intake. As a result of this, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased (P less than 0.01). Significant increases (P less than 0.05) in nutrient digestibility (DM, OM, NDF and ADF) were observed with both grains. The use of yeast in maize and barley-based diets of rabbits has positive effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility.

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Comparative performance of Landrace, Yorkshire and Duroc breeds of swine

Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture ◽

10.14710/jitaa.42.3.147-152 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 147

Author(s):

C. K. N. Zebua ◽

M. Muladno ◽

P. H. Siagian

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Selection Index ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Least Square ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Economic Traits ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Comparative Performance ◽

Feeding Management ◽

Randomized Design

The objectives of this study was to analyze the comparative ability of animal genetic, using evaluation of production that has important economic traits including Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc breeds of swine. A total of 49 swine consist 15 boars and 34 gilts, with average body weight of 18.50-21.50kg were used in this research. All of samples were raised in the same pen and feeding management. This research used the experimental method of Completely Randomized Design involving three treatments of animal breeds including Landrace, Yorkshire, and Duroc breeds. The data were analyzed by using analysis of covariance procedur General Linier Model and Least Square Means test. Boars and gilts were analyzed in separated data. The result showed that the effect of breed was significantly associated for all traits, but not for boars feed intake. The overall, Yorkshire and Landrace performed better than Duroc for average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, selection index, and age at 90 kg body weight. However, Duroc boars and gilts had the thinnest backfat followed by Yorkshire and Landrace.

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Residual feed intake and relationships with performance of Nellore cattle selected for post weaning weight

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982011000400030 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 929-937 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

T. Lucila Sobrinho ◽

R.H. Branco ◽

S.F.M. Bonilha ◽

A.M. Castilhos ◽

L.A. Figueiredo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Residual Feed Intake ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Kleiber Ratio ◽

Nellore Cattle ◽

Daily Gain

The objective of this work was to evaluate performance, efficiency parameters and phenotypic correlations among measurements of energy efficiency of Nellore cattle selected for post weaning weight and classified according to residual feed intake, calculated by the difference between observed and predicted intake, based on average metabolic body weight and average daily gain. Thus, animals were classified within three groups: high (> mean + 0.5 standard deviation, less efficient); medium (±0.5 standard deviation of the mean); and low (< mean - 0.5 standard deviation, more efficient) residual feed intake. No differences were observed at initial and final body weights, average daily gain and dry matter intake among groups. Animals with low residual feed intake also had greater feed efficiency, feed conversion and partial efficiency of growth and did not differ from the other animals regarding to relative growth rate and Kleiber ratio. Residual feed intake was significantly correlated to feed efficiency (-0.25), feed conversion (0.25), partial efficiency of growth (-0.37) and dry matter intake (0.16) but it did not present significant correlation with body weight (0.04), average daily gain (-0.02), relative growth rate (-0.03) and Kleiber ratio (-0.05). Significant correlations were found between feed conversion and initial body weight (0.34) and average daily gain (-0.46). Partial efficiency of growth presented significant correlation with all other efficiency parameters analyzed. Residual feed intake has high potential in productive efficiency, when compared to the other energy efficiency measurements, being independent of growth and size of the animals.

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PENGARUH BUNGKIL INTI SAWIT FERMENTASI DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN IKAN MAS ( Cyprinus carpio L.)

Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia ◽

10.31186/jipi.9.1.71-76 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 71-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Amri

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Cyprinus Carpio ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Good Level ◽

Feed Cost ◽

Fermentation Technology

The study effect of Fermented Palm Kernel Cage (FPKC) in feed on growth of Cyprinus carpio L. was done to evaluate the utilization of palm kernel cage increasing the quality by fermentation technology as a feed in ration to Cyprinus carpio L. performance and get a good level in ration. This experiment was set in a Randomized Completely Design with four treatments and four replicates. Treatments were diets with : A (12% PKC), B (15% FPKC), C (18% FPKC), and D (21% FPKC). Results of experiment indicated that the feed consumption body weight gain, feed conversion and income over feed cost was in proved by 18% FPKC in the diet.

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The use of phytobiotics in growth stimulation of weaned pigs

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl1502063r ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 69 (1-2) ◽

pp. 63-74

Author(s):

Stamen Radulovic ◽

Radmila Markovic ◽

Dobrila Jakic-Dimic ◽

Dragan Sefer

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Growth Stimulation ◽

Animal Nutrition ◽

Control Group ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Stimulation Of

Phytogene feed additives (phytobiotics) are plant origin compounds used in animal nutrition in order to improve their productivity by improving the production performance of animals, feed properties and the quality of food of animal origin. These additives stimulate animal growth by using their natural and physiological potentials and mechanisms providing conditions for the realization of the genetically projected production volumes. Data on the use of phytobiotics as growth stimulators are incomplete and often very contradictory, especially those related to their impact on the health and performance of weaned pigs. Given the relevance and importance of these issues the feeding trial was organized by the group-control system. The experiment lasted for 40 days and it was divided into two phases of 20 days each. Trial was conducted on 24 piglets, F1 generation of Swedish Landrace and Pietrain, weaned from sows at the age of 35 days. Tests were carried out on piglets, with an average body weight of 8.61?1.59 kg, which were subjected to one of the two feeding treatments immediately after weaning. The control group was fed with a mixture without growth promoters, while the experimental group received a diet containing preparation of phytobiotic (Enviva EO 101, Danisco Animal Nutrition) in the amount recommended by the manufacturer (0.1 kg/t). The mixtures for piglets nutrition were formulated in accordance with the recommendations of the NRC (1998), and AEC (1993) and they met the nutritional requirements completely. During the experiment, there was no disturbance of health and/or the manifestation of clinical signs of disease. The control group, fed with the diet without added growth stimulators, achieved body weight (25.32?6.31 kg), average daily gain (0.42?0.12 kg), consumption (0.89 kg) and feed conversion (2.119 ) normal for a given race, age and housing conditions. The use of preparation of phytobiotics as growth promoters, led to better production results in regard to the control group, which was based on higher body weight (27.19?4.77 kg), higher average daily gain (0.46?0.09 kg) and better feed conversion (2.043). The use of phytobiotic, as an alternative option in growth stimulation of weaned pigs, has its nutritive, medical and economic justification.

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The Influence of Microclimatic Ammonia Changes in Closed House on Broiler’s Performance in Dry Season

ANIMAL PRODUCTION ◽

10.20884/1.jap.2018.20.2.695 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 125

Author(s):

Ica Putri Angkeke ◽

Teysar Adi Sarjana ◽

Edjeng Suprijatna

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Dry Season ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Stress Index ◽

Initial Weight ◽

Feed Cost ◽

Heat Stress Index ◽

The Impact

This research aims at investigating the impact of microclimatic ammonia change on Broiler’s performance in closed house during dry season. Seven hundred and twenty broiler’s with their initial weight of 49.29 ± 1.13 grams are kept in a 60 x 12 m2 cage.The research consists of 4 treatments and 6 experiment units. The microclimatic ammonia change is measured at a distance of 0, ¼, ½, and ¾ of closed house’s length from the inlet. The parameters observed are feed consumption, body weight gain (BWG), feed convertion ratio (FCR), performance index (PI) and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC). The obtained data are subjected to analysis of variance and several data related to microclimatic ammonia and heat stress index (HSI) are also calculted for their correlation to find out their correlation with the broiler’s’s performance. The research results indicate that the microclimatic ammonia change significantly reduces Broiler’s performance. This is shown by the significant increase of FCR value, decrease of feed consumption, BWG, PI and IOFC (P≤0.05) starting from a distance of ¼ of cage length from the inlet. The correlation analysis result shows a negative, significant correlation between performance with ammonia, while HSI does not show any correlation with the observed parameters. The conclusion of this research is that the increase in microclimatic ammonia at increasingly further distance from the inlet decreases Broiler’s performance in dry season.

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Pengaruh Suplementasi Ampas Tahu, Ampas Tempe dan Ampas Kecap dalam Ransum Terhadap Performan Domba Lokal Jantan

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.5.1.1-9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Eka Handayanta

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Feed Conversion Ratio ◽

Soy Sauce ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Daily Gain

The aim of this research to determine the effect of supplementation of tofu. tempe, and soy sauce waste in ration on male local sheep performance. This research was carried out during three month, take place on July until October 200E in Minifarm Dept. of Animal Science, Agriculture Faculty of Sebelas Maret University, located in Jatikuwung. Gondangrejo, Karanganyar. It used 12 male local sheeps with average body weight of 15.86 ±0.93 kg, divided into four treatments and three replications, each replication consist of one sheep. The ration consisted of king grass only as basal diet, as many as four percent base on body weight. The treatment given is in the form of feed supplement, that namely without supplement (RO), 250 gram tofu waste (R1), 250 gram tempe waste (R2), and 250 gram soy sauce waste (R3). The data variables collected were feed consumption, dry and organic matter digestibility, crude protein consumption, energy consumption, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio. All of data except average daily gain was analyzed by completely randomized design one way classification. While average daily gain was analyzed by covariance analyze. The result were significant followed by Duncan new multiple range test. The result showed that average of R0, RI, R2 and R3 for feed consumption 430.52; 720.44; 704.44; 549.08 gram/day, dry matter digestibility (%) 61,07; 72,46; 69,68: 63,60, organic matter digestibility (%) 64,41: 74,94; 72.41; 64,7 1, crude protein consumption 47.66; 106.77; 85.83; 73.70 gram/day, energy consumption 281.82; 482.65; 432.67; 330.83 gram/day, average daily gain 50.00.1X00: 116.19; 38.10 gram/day and feed conversion ratio 8.74; 5.61; 6.06; 15.2. The result of variance analyze showed that feed supplementation have highly significant effect (P<0.01) on all of the data variable colected. Conclusion of this research was supplementation of tofu waste and tempe waste could improved performance, while soy sauce waste could not improved the performance of male local sheep. Key words : sheep, tofu waste, tempe waste, soy sauce waste, performance

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PSXIV-34 Encapsulated nitrate on performance of growing Nellore bulls under grazing system during the dry season

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.855 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 431-432

Author(s):

Cibelle B Figueiredo ◽

Mauricia B Silva ◽

Juliano Fernandes ◽

Alana M Calaça ◽

Higor Rocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Dry Season ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Daily Gain

Abstract The aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate as a partial substitute for soybean meals in the concentrate dry matter intake, average daily gain and feed efficiency of Nellore young bulls under grazing conditions, during the dry season. Sixty-four weaned Nellore (initial BW = 177.46±3.77 kg and 9 mo old) were used in a completely randomized assay. The study lasted 84 days on the dry season. Animals were allotted into 16 paddocks of 1.0 ha each of Urochloa brizantha, randomly assigned into one of two treatments: (CTL) supplement with 25% CP, without nitrate inclusion and; (ENP): supplement with 25% CP, with a inclusion of 50 g of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate to each 100 kg of body weight. Animals were fed with concentrate at 1.0% of body weight. Concentrate offered was monitored daily as well as his refusals were collected and weighed to determine daily concentrate dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficiency (F:G). Animals were weighed every 28 d for calculating average daily gain (ADG). Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design, using ANOVA (α = 0.05). No effects of treatments (P > 0.3487) were observed for final BW (246.69 kg). The same for concentrate dry matter intake (P > 0.0550). Animals consumed 2.34 kg of supplement per day. The average daily gain (0.832 kg, P > 0.2649) and feed efficiency (0.356 kg, P > 0.7315) were not affected by the inclusion of nitrate. The inclusion of encapsulated calcium ammonium nitrate in supplement to Nellore young bulls under grazing conditions during the growing phase did not affect the performance.

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Metabolizable energy levels in diets with high lysine for growing and finishing pigs

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n1p365 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 365 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Soraia Viana Ferreira ◽

Lívia Maria dos Reis Barbosa ◽

Camila Schultz Marcolla ◽

Marcos Henrique Soares ◽

Dante Teixeira Valente Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Meat Quality ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Water Losses ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Metabolizable Energy Intake ◽

Daily Gain

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of metabolizable energy (ME) levels in diets with high digestible lysine concentration on performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of barrows from 95 to 158 days of age. Eighty commercial hybrid barrows (50 ± 1.82 kg) selected for lean meat deposition, were assigned to four dietary treatments (3,150, 3,235, 3,320, and 3,400 kcal EM kg-1) in a randomized design with 10 replicate pens per treatment and two pigs per pen. From 95 to 116 days of age, we observed no effects of ME on final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), metabolizable energy intake (MEI), and feed conversion (F: G). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased linearly with increasing ME levels (? = 5.79961 - 0.00096790X - r2 = 0.89). From 95 to 137 days of age, no effects of ME were observed on final body weight (FBW), average daily gain (ADG), metabolizable energy intake (MEI), and feed conversion (F: G). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased linearly with increasing ME (?= 6.1176 - 0.001X - r2= 0.97). From 95 to 158 days, of age no effects of ME were observed on FBW and ADG. Dietary ME influenced the ADFI and F: G, which decreased linearly with increasing ME concentrations (?= 8.12951 - 0.00149X - r2= 0.99; ?= 6.0914 - 0.001X - r² = 0.75, respectively). There was a linear increase in loin eye area (LEA) with increasing ME (? = - 29.851 + 0.0207 X - r² = 0.87). Backfat thickness, pH, and temperature, measured at different times after slaughter (0 min, 45 min, 3 h, and 24 h), were not affected by dietary ME. The level of ME also did not affect the meat quality parameters Color L*, Color a*, Color b*, Warner-Bratzler shear force, thaw water losses, cooking water losses, sum of water losses, intramuscular fat content, and TBARS. Diets with 3,400 kcal kg-1 ME, corresponding to 2.75, 2.57, and 2.31 g digestible lysine/Mcal of ME for pigs from 95 to 116, 116 to 137, and 95 to 158 days of age, respectively, resulted in best performance and carcass traits, without negative effects on meat quality.

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