scholarly journals Metaphors and the Degree of Conventionality in Translation of Prose Fiction: A Fraction of the Whole in Focus

Hikma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-176
Author(s):  
Akbar Hesabi ◽  
Mobina Bakhshi ◽  
Pouria Sadrnia
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prose Fiction ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Identification Procedure ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Everyday Language ◽  
Persian Translation

The idea of metaphor classification is regarded as how felicitously they are entrenched in everyday language spoken by ordinary people. Metaphor conventionality can be regarded as a scale whose opposite ends constitute conventional and creative metaphors. Logic indicates that the majority of linguistic metaphors are well-worn and conventional rather than novel, since an excess of novel metaphors may remarkably bring about “communicative surprise” (Rabadán Álvarez, 1991) thus increase cognitive processing time and even hinder perceiving. Metaphorical creativity, as the other extreme of the scale of conventionality, can be looked at as the use of conceptual metaphors and/ or their linguistic manifestations that are creative or novel. This study seeks to scrutinize the scale of conventionality in the Persian translation of A Fraction of the Whole. MIP known as Metaphor Identification Procedure put forward by the Pragglejaz Group (2007) was employed in the study to identify metaphors. The findings reveal that, sometimes, the metaphors used in L1 are novel or creative, but the translator draws upon conventional or entrenched ones in L2, or vice versa. The aim is to show the translator's choice of metaphor in terms of a conventionality scale using some previous cognitive models in this regard.

Metaphor, Cognition, Culture

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kövecses
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Culture And Cognition ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
Cultural Reality ◽  
Metaphor And Metonymy

The chapter reports on work concerned with the issue of how conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) functions as a link between culture and cognition. Three large areas are investigated to this effect. First, work on the interaction between conceptual metaphors, on the one hand, and folk and expert theories of emotion, on the other, is surveyed. Second, the issue of metaphorical universality and variation is addressed, together with that of the function of embodiment in metaphor. Third, a contextualist view of conceptual metaphors is proposed. The discussion of these issues leads to a new and integrated understanding of the role of metaphor and metonymy in creating cultural reality and that of metaphorical variation across and within cultures, as well as individuals.

scholarly journals DV-DVFS: merging data variety and DVFS technique to manage the energy consumption of big data processing

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ahmadvand ◽  
Fouzhan Foroutan ◽  
Mahmood Fathy
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Evaluation Phase ◽  
Dynamic Voltage ◽  
Processing Resources

AbstractData variety is one of the most important features of Big Data. Data variety is the result of aggregating data from multiple sources and uneven distribution of data. This feature of Big Data causes high variation in the consumption of processing resources such as CPU consumption. This issue has been overlooked in previous works. To overcome the mentioned problem, in the present work, we used Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) to reduce the energy consumption of computation. To this goal, we consider two types of deadlines as our constraint. Before applying the DVFS technique to computer nodes, we estimate the processing time and the frequency needed to meet the deadline. In the evaluation phase, we have used a set of data sets and applications. The experimental results show that our proposed approach surpasses the other scenarios in processing real datasets. Based on the experimental results in this paper, DV-DVFS can achieve up to 15% improvement in energy consumption.

Emotion modulates cognitive flexibility in patients with major depression

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1373-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Murphy ◽  
A. Michael ◽  
B. J. Sahakian
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Performance Accuracy ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Emotional Category ◽  
And Control

BackgroundDepression is associated with alterations of emotional and cognitive processing, and executive control in particular. Previous research has shown that depressed patients are impaired in their ability to shift attention from one emotional category to another, but whether this shifting deficit is more evident on emotional relative to non-emotional cognitive control tasks remains unclear.MethodThe performance of patients with major depressive disorder and matched healthy control participants was compared on neutral and emotional variants of a dynamic cognitive control task that requires participants to shift attention and response from one category to another.ResultsRelative to controls, depressed patients were impaired on both tasks, particularly in terms of performance accuracy. In the neutral go/no-go task, the ability of depressed patients to flexibly shift attention and response from one class of neutral stimuli to the other was unimpaired. This contrasted with findings for the emotional go/no-go task, where responding was slower specifically on blocks of trials that required participants to shift attention and response from one emotional category to the other.ConclusionsThe present data indicate that any depression-related difficulties with cognitive flexibility and control may be particularly evident on matched tasks that require processing of relevant emotional, rather than simply neutral, stimuli. The implications of these findings for our developing understanding of cognitive and emotional control processes in depression are discussed.

Once Upon a Time in the Realm of Notions : The Conceptualisation of Novak Djokovic-Inspired Personality Shifts

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Nenad Blaženović ◽  
Emir Muhić
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tennis Player ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Metaphor Theory

An analysis was carried out with two interviews given by the tennis-player Novak Djokovic, one of which was in English and the other in his native Serbian. In both instances, Novak Djokovic used many conceptual metaphors throughout his speech, some of which were analysed in more detail. The main premise of the research was that people’s personalities change in accordance with language they speak at any given time and that they use different conceptual metaphors to describe the same events in different languages. The aim of the paper was to investigate whether personality shift in bilingual speakers can be observed through the speaker’s use of conceptual metaphors in different languages. Through the framework of conceptual metaphor theory, it was shown that Djokovic’s personality does change with the language he speaks. This change was shown through the conceptual metaphors, i.e., source and target domains that Djokovic used during the interviews. He does indeed use different source domains to conceptualise the same target domains in different languages.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Automatic Number Plate Recognition on Android Smartphone Platform

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1973
Author(s):  
Teddy Surya Gunawan ◽  
Abdul Mutholib ◽  
Mira Kartiwi
Keyword(s):  
Character Recognition ◽  
Template Matching ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Additional Processing ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann

<span>Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) is an intelligent system which has the capability to recognize the character on vehicle number plate. Previous researches implemented ANPR system on personal computer (PC) with high resolution camera and high computational capability. On the other hand, not many researches have been conducted on the design and implementation of ANPR in smartphone platforms which has limited camera resolution and processing speed. In this paper, various steps to optimize ANPR, including pre-processing, segmentation, and optical character recognition (OCR) using artificial neural network (ANN) and template matching, were described. The proposed ANPR algorithm was based on Tesseract and Leptonica libraries. For comparison purpose, the template matching based OCR will be compared to ANN based OCR. Performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated on the developed Malaysian number plates’ image database captured by smartphone’s camera. Results showed that the accuracy and processing time of the proposed algorithm using template matching was 97.5% and 1.13 seconds, respectively. On the other hand, the traditional algorithm using template matching only obtained 83.7% recognition rate with 0.98 second processing time. It shows that our proposed ANPR algorithm improved the recognition rate with negligible additional processing time.</span>

scholarly journals Manajemen Pengelolaan Buku di Micro-Library Sembulang, Batam, Kepulauan Riau

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Nurlaily Nurlaily ◽  
Mochamad Nuruz Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
Village Community ◽  
Children’S Learning ◽  
Village People ◽  
The Village ◽  
Children's Learning

In the current era, many of our people do not know much about the importance of reading. Especially for ordinary people who have never read or written at all. Their insight may still be influenced by verbal, not written. This is both caused by there may be a lack of reading books and they don't have a large collection of books. The library in Sembulang village is in the form of a micro-library that can help the community to get to know writing and enjoy reading. The library is a special alternative for rural communities whose communities are still innocent or have not been intervened by city people. Later, the village community will be introduced to what is a micro-library, its functions, and so on. The other benefits of the micro-library in Sembulang are able to improve children's learning quality, introduce the importance of reading to the community, and increase the source of income for local villages. Of all these, it will first be explained to all local village people how to borrow or read in the library. The method used will be made socialization about the introduction of the library and its functions.

The exceptional and the ordinary

2018 ◽  
pp. 73-106
Author(s):  
Thomas Docherty
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normative Belief ◽  
University Education ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Mass Higher Education ◽  
The People ◽  
The University

The contemporary institution fails to understand the real meaning of ‘mass higher education’. A mass higher education should address the concerns of those masses of ‘ordinary people’ who, for whatever reasons, do not attend a university. Instead, the contemporary sector simply admits more individuals from lower social and economic classes. Behind this is a deep suspicion of the intellectual whose knowledge marks them out as intrinsically elitist and not ‘of the people’. An intellectual concerned about everyday life is now seen as suspicious, given the normative belief that a university education is about individual competitive self-advancement. This intellectual is now an enemy of ‘the people’, and incipiently one who might even be regarded as criminal in dissenting from conformity with social norms of neoliberalism. There is a history to this, dating from 1945; and it sets up a contest between two version of the university: one sees it as a centre of humane and liberal values, the other as the site for the production of individuals who conform to and individually benefit from neoliberal greed. The genuine exception is the intellectual who dissents; but dissent itself is now seen as potentially criminal.

Learning Mental Models of Human Cognitive Processing by Creating Cognitive Models

2015 ◽  
pp. 287-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhisa Miwa ◽  
Nana Kanzaki ◽  
Hitoshi Terai ◽  
Kazuaki Kojima ◽  
Ryuichi Nakaike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Models ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Cognitive Models

Two Treatments of a Subject: Proust's “La Regarder Dormir” and Valéry's La Dormeuse

PMLA ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 900-909
Author(s):  
Henry A. Grubbs
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Present Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recent Survey ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Prose Fiction ◽  
Figure Of Speech ◽  
Late Nineteenth

A critical cliché often heard today is that Proust was fundamentally a poet rather than a novelist. The historians of literature and the critics do not put it quite as crudely as that, but their remarks frequently permit such an assumption on the part of the reader. Thus the Castex and Surer manual, in its twentieth-century volume, finds in “toute l'œuvre [de Proust] un climat d'intense Poesie” (p. 82). And Georges Cattaui, in his recent survey of the present status of Proust, though he does not in so many words call Proust a poet or his novel a poem, does say that Proust is above all the heir “de Nerval, de Baudelaire, de Mallarmé,—de ces poètes qui lui ont enseigné l'art de transfigurer les choses, l'art de délivrer la beauté prisonnière … ” Now all this is true if it is merely taken as a vivifying figure of speech, if it merely means that Proust was not a realistic novelist, and that he shows the influence of the great French poets of the late nineteenth century, or that, to use a convenient term, he was a symbolist, like his contemporaries, Claudel, Gide, and Valéry. But it has so often been said in our time that the twentieth century has seen the breaking down of the distinctions between the novel and poetry, that it seems to me useful to demonstrate, by studying two treatments of the same subject, one that of a novelist, Proust, the other that of a poet, Valéry, that there remains a fundamental and profound difference between the intent and the method of prose fiction and of poetry, at least the type that is today called “pure” poetry.

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