Impact of cage culture in reservoir on the livelihood of fishers: A case study in Jharkhand, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Pandit ◽  
B. K. Das ◽  
Ganesh Chandra ◽  
Aparna Roy ◽  
Piyashi Debroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
The State ◽  
Cage Culture ◽  
Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus ◽  
High Feed ◽  
High Initial Cost ◽  
Cage Fish

Cage fish farming in Indian reservoirs has the potential to enhance the reservoir production manifold. The present study estimated that around 14,000 cages have been installed in different reservoirs of the country which are producing around 16% of the current reservoir fish production. Around 7.5 lakh mandays of labour are being generated by cage fish farming in the country. An empirical study in the state of Jharkhand State found that the adoption of cage culture contributed around 30% to the livelihood of fishers. Cage culture not only increased monthly family income but also reduced the occupational migration. The fishermen households who adopted cage farming also accumulated some durable assets due to improvement in household income. However, high initial cost of cage culture operation, high feed cost and low market price of cultured pangas fish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) were some of the major constraints in adopting the technology as reported by the fishers. The study recommends that the state departments need to promote the use of low cost galvanised iron(GI) cages designed by the ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CIFRI) in reservoirs which may play a significant role in fulfilling the vision of blue revolution in the country.

The relative attractiveness of US LNG exports—is the threat to Australian projects real?

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Vivek Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Sales Contracts ◽  
The Us ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
High Feed

The competitiveness of Australian LNG projects against US projects has been a subject of much debate; however, as oil prices have fallen since mid-2014, the debate has shifted from the relative commercial terms of the LNG sales contracts to the relative cost of supply. Falling oil prices have decreased the price of LNG in the traditionally oil-linked price markets of Asia. A lower cost of LNG will increase the demand for gas, especially in the power generation sector. New gas supplies would be required to meet increased demand, but the new supply must be at a competitive cost. The market price will be set by the marginal cost of incremental supply. Legacy projects in Southeast Asia, the Middle East and Australia are unable to increase their volumes. The only other source of incremental supply that can profitably sell at these lower prices are new projects in the US Gulf Coast. Australian greenfield projects will not be able to sell at these prices as they suffer from high capital expenditure (capex), high feed gas prices and high operating costs. In contrast, US Gulf Coast LNG projects are being constructed at significantly lower unit costs, have access to massive low-cost shale gas volumes and will operate at low costs using standard technology. These projects are ideally placed to operate in the lower priced environment, irrespective of the LNG sales contracts’ commercial terms.

Trials of cage fish culture in Ea Soup reservoir, Dak Lak province, central highlands of Vietnam.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Phuong Truong ◽  
Dinh Phuc Phan ◽  
Thuong Huy Phan ◽  
John Sollows
Keyword(s):  
Grass Carp ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Cage Culture ◽  
Central Highlands ◽  
Abundant Supply ◽  
Cage Fish

Abstract Reservoirs in the Central Highlands of Vietnam are numerous and growing in number. Most of these reservoirs were built mainly for irrigation, with flood control and occasionally, hydroelectricity as secondary functions. Ea Soup reservoir covers an estimated 240 ha at the upper storage level, and has a drawdown of only 2.5 m. Probably for this reason, there is an abundant supply of macrophytes in the reservoir. While a number of species have cage culture potential, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is particularly popular in many parts of Vietnam. The species feeds almost entirely on macrophytes, so cash requirements for feed are minimal. This is suitable for most poor farmers in the area. The market price, about VND 15,000 kg-1 (US $1=VND15,000 approximately) is higher than that for many species. In Ea Soup reservoir, cage culture of grass carp commenced in 1993, and rapidly expanded. By 1996, there were 152 cages. Stocks were hit by disease, and were decimated late in the year. These losses were a strong discouragement to continuation of the practice. Many owners suffered heavy financial losses. Pollution, poor circulation in the cages, high stocking density and overcrowding of cages may have contributed to the disease problem. From June 1998, the Project, jointly with three fishers has tested the culture of grass carp combined with small numbers of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in cages with new materials, somewhat larger mesh size, and lower stocking density. The economic viability of this modified technology will depend mainly on the lifetime of the cage. Nevertheless, fishers are continuing to culture at their own expense. This suggests that the technology has some sustainability in the reservoir. The extent to which cage culture can be practiced remains to be seen, but any expansion must be done with caution.

scholarly journals Intelligent conditioning for the intensive production of tilapia in the southern zone of the State of Mexico

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Rosa María De Anda-López ◽  
Rodolfo Aguirre-Aranda ◽  
Agripín Sánches-Salinas ◽  
Horacio Jaramillo-Plata
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Intelligent Control System ◽  
Separate Control ◽  
Small Producers ◽  
Alternative Energies

Fish farming is a fundamental sector of the economy for several communities. Traditionally, the processes inherent to this activity, such as the feeding of the fish, the replacement of water, the control of temperature, the level of ammonium, are carried out manually and empirically; However, in recent years they have begun to incorporate technological tools for their automation. In the present work we seek to integrate intelligent and separate control systems that exist in the market to generate a single intelligent control system, with the ability to control temperature, ammonia, water clarity, food, in such a way that is presented as a flexible and integrated production process, that meets the requirements of aquaculture health, this system should provide, to small producers in the southern area of the State of Mexico, the certainty that your product meets specifications and standards for human consumption. With this study new opportunities for the application of technologies, especially those of low cost, are envisaged, so that they are accessible to the greatest number of fish farmers and their use guarantees the improvement in the processes carried out. It also highlights the importance that the use of alternative energies can have, to make the most of natural resources and minimize the environmental impact.

scholarly journals LIÊN KẾT TRONG NUÔI TRỒNG VÀ TIÊU THỤ CÁ LỒNG TẠI THỊ TRẤN THUẬN AN, HUYỆN PHÚ VANG, TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 2029-2037
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Trần Tiểu Phụng ◽  
Lê Thị Hoa Sen ◽  
Lê Thị Hồng Phương
Keyword(s):  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Cooperative Group ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Cage Culture ◽  
The People ◽  
Cross Linkage ◽  
The Status ◽  
Farming Households ◽  
Cage Fish

Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá thực trạng liên kết trong nuôi trồng và tiêu thụ cá lồng của nông hộ tại thị trấn Thuận An, huyện Phú Vang, tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy có 02 loại hình hợp tác liên kết chính của nông hộ trên địa bàn nghiên cứu là hợp tác (liên kết ngang) giữa các hộ tham gia nuôi cá lồng và liên kết dọc giữa hộ nuôi cá lồng với các tác nhân trung gian thông qua chuỗi đó là: “Liên kết giữa đại lý bán giống và các hộ nuôi - Liên kết giữa các hộ nuôi và đại lý thu mua - Liên kết giữa các đại lý thu mua đến người tiêu dùng cuối cùng”. Có 04 yếu tố thúc đẩy và 05 yếu tố hạn chế sự liên kết của nông hộ trong quá trình tiêu thụ cá lồng. Các mối liên kết chỉ mang tính tự phát và hình thành dựa trên sự tin tưởng của các quan hệ thân quen, chưa có tổ hợp tác liên kết cụ thể trong hoạt động nuôi cá lồng ở địa bàn nghiên cứu. Các giải pháp cần thiết lúc này là sự tham gia của chính quyền địa phương trong việc phát triển các mối liên kết, tập huấn nâng cao năng lực cho nông hộ để góp phần tăng thu nhập cho người dân, tạo thương hiệu và giải quyết được vấn đề thị trường cho sản phẩm cá lồng tại thị trấn Thuận An. ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the status of linkage in cage culture and consumption of households in Thuan An town, Phu Vang district, Thua Thien Hue province. The research results showed that there were two main types of cooperative cooperation among farmers in the study area such as cooperation (cross-linkage) between households participating in cage fish farming and vertical linkage between cage farming households and intermediary agent through that chain was “The linkage between seed dealers and farmers - the linkage between farmers and buying agent -  the linkage between buying agent to the final consumers”. There were 04 motivating factors and 05 factors that limited the households’ linkage during cage fish consumption. The linkage was spontaneous and formed based on trust and familiarity, there was no specific cooperative group in cage fish farming activities in the study area. The necessary solutions were  participation of local authorities in developing linkages, training to improve farmers’ capacity to contribute to increasing households incomes for the people, creating brands and solving commercial issues for fish cage products in Thuan An town.  

The Conversion Conundrum: The State and Federal Response to Hospitals’ Changes in Charitable Status

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 221-250
Author(s):  
Lawrence E. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Joint Venture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Nonprofit Hospitals ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Tax Exempt ◽  
Federal Response ◽  
Profit Status ◽  
Hospital Conversions

The pressures encountered by hospitals in the current era of reimbursement declines and stiffened competition are well known. As the “ultimate” payors—primarily employers and government—aggressively continue to seek low cost care, the response of the hospital industry has been to move toward consolidation and efficiency-enhancing mechanisms.Increasingly, nonprofit, tax-exempt hospitals have come to believe that they are at a significant disadvantage vis-á-vis their for-profit brethren in their ability to attract the capital needed to compete in the market. A growing trend among nonprofit hospitals, therefore, is to sell to or enter into a joint venture with a proprietary organization, or alternatively to convert to for-profit status. In 1995, fifty-eight nonprofit hospitals became for-profit; hospital conversions to for-profit status in 1996 are projected to outstrip the pace established the prior year.The conversion trend has not gone unnoticed at the state level. Recently, several states have proposed or enacted laws regulating sales and conversions of nonprofit hospitals, and many more states are contemplating such legislation.

A low-cost asymmetric carbazole-based hole-transporting material for efficient perovskite solar cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqiao Li ◽  
Na Sun ◽  
Zhanfeng Li ◽  
Jinbo Chen ◽  
Qinjun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
The State ◽  
Hole Transporting ◽  
Hole Transporting Material

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have reached their highest efficiency with the state-of-the-art hole-transporting material (HTM) spiro-OMeTAD.

scholarly journals Effect of production quotas on economic and environmental values of growth rate and feed efficiency in sea cage fish farming

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. e0173131 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Besson ◽  
I. J. M. de Boer ◽  
M. Vandeputte ◽  
J. A. M. van Arendonk ◽  
E. Quillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Environmental Values ◽  
Sea Cage ◽  
Cage Fish

Preparation of Interior Latex Coatings by Recycling Banknote Printing Wastewater

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 1509-1512
Author(s):  
Zu Min Qiu ◽  
Yan Yan Zeng ◽  
Zhong Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
State Standard ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The State ◽  
Acrylic Emulsion ◽  
Latex Coatings ◽  
Silicon Sol

This paper related to the recycling of banknote printing wastewater, using which as raw materials, a low cost interior latex coatings has been developed. This coatings is formulated based on styrene-acrylic emulsion and silicon sol as main film former. It has been shown that the performance of of this product meets the state standard of GB/T 9756-2009.

Abstract NS1: Creating partnerships through the Kansas Initiative for Stroke Survival (KISS)

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Sandt ◽  
Sarah E Brown ◽  
Colleen Lechtenberg ◽  
Cherie Boxberger
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Community Education ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The State ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Feasible Alternative

Background and Purpose: Kansas is a rural state lacking geographically distributed Primary Stroke Centers. Of the 128 hospitals in the state, 88 are designated as Critical Access (< 25 beds). The IV r-tPA treatment rate in the state of Kansas is less than 2%. The pre-transport death rate for patients experiencing stroke is 55.4% .The Kansas Initiative for Stroke Survival (KISS) is a non-government task force with the goal of improving stroke survival among Kansans. The task force encourages hospitals to meet the criteria as Emergent Stroke Ready and based on this status engage with their individual communities, emphasizing the need to seek immediate assistance by EMS and arrive at the closest Emergent Stroke Ready hospital. Methods: The Kansas State Stroke Task force determined requirements for a facility to be considered Emergent Stroke Ready. This information was distributed to all acute care hospitals, asking them to attest to their current Emergent Stroke Ready status. Responding facilities were provided access to a 24 x 7 Stroke Support Line - providing access to stroke specialists for the purpose of guiding evaluation and treatment decisions for r-tPA administration or need to transfer to a higher level of care. Also provided is a community education kit. Data is reported through a monthly online survey or GWTG database. Results: In the first phase of the KISS project - forty-two hospitals attested as Emergent Stroke Ready Hospital or were certified Primary Stroke Centers representing an increase from 7% to 33% of hospitals in the state. The post-KISS implementation IV r-tPA treatment rate for the reporting Emergent Stroke Ready Hospitals was 48% compared with a pre-KISS treatment rate of 6%. The post-KISS implementation transfer rate was 26.7% compared with a pre-KISS transfer rate of 18%. Conclusions: The KISS program resulted in a significant increase in the number of Emergent Stroke Ready facilities, stroke patients reporting to their local hospitals, stroke specialist consultations and use of IV r-tPA. A low-cost, statewide program that provides standardized protocols and direct phone consultation can improve access to stroke specialists and approved stroke treatment while offering a cost effective, feasible alternative to telestroke.

Methods for reducing the cost of production of commercial carp when feeding grain crops

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
G. E. Servetnik ◽  
E. V. Pishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Pond Aquaculture ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Cereal Species ◽  
The Cost

Feeding is one of the main methods of intensification of agricultural fish farming. Based on FAO reports, the share of aquaculture products grown with feed is gradually increasing. In pond farms with medium and high degree of intensification, up to 80% of fish products are produced due to feeding. Moreover, in the structure of the cost of fish production, compound feeds account for up to half of the total costs, and in industrial aquaculture up to 65–70%. It is shown that it is Known that feeding and growing technology account for about 55% of the success rate of increasing fish productivity, while the genetic potential is only about 25%, and the share of veterinary and sanitary well-being of fish accounts for about 20%. In Russia and many other countries, cereals are used to reduce the cost of carp farming products, as a relatively cheap and affordable source of energy compared to granulated feed. The availability and low cost of such feed is of paramount importance in pond aquaculture and currently all cereal species are used for artificial feeding. Information about feeding carp with grain crops, as well as requirements for the quality and safety of feed is provided. It is indicated that feeding carp with whole grains is advisable if the natural food base is well developed. Traditional fish farming experience shows that feeding carp with whole wheat grain is advisable when the planting density of two-year-olds is up to 3.5 thousand / ha and mainly in August-September. Before eating fish, the grain must necessarily swell in water, otherwise it injures the intestines and is excreted from the digestive tract poorly digested.

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