Preparation of Interior Latex Coatings by Recycling Banknote Printing Wastewater

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 1509-1512
Author(s):  
Zu Min Qiu ◽  
Yan Yan Zeng ◽  
Zhong Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
State Standard ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The State ◽  
Acrylic Emulsion ◽  
Latex Coatings ◽  
Silicon Sol

This paper related to the recycling of banknote printing wastewater, using which as raw materials, a low cost interior latex coatings has been developed. This coatings is formulated based on styrene-acrylic emulsion and silicon sol as main film former. It has been shown that the performance of of this product meets the state standard of GB/T 9756-2009.

scholarly journals Roller Dryer for Drying Milk in Low-Tonnage Conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 563-570
Author(s):  
Marina Beleckaya ◽  
Alexander Vladimirov ◽  
Oksana Kozlova ◽  
Irina Milenteva
Keyword(s):  
State Standard ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Dry Powders ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Power Part ◽  
Pilot Sample

Introduction. Milk has a high nutritional value and is a vital component of human diet. Today, the dairy market is one of the largest and actively developing food markets. However, this industry is characterized by such problems as seasonality and poor transportability of raw materials. These problems particularly affect small farms. Deep processing of dairy raw materials to obtain dry powders is the most effective way to solve these problems. The research objective was to develop a low-tonnage dryer for producing milk powder on small farms and to select the optimal drying temperature. Study objects and methods. The research featured whole milk of the ‘Svoya Ferma’ brand, mass fraction of fat = 3.4–4.5%. The research was performed on the premises of Kemerovo State University (Kemerovo, Russia). The milk was dried on a pilot sample of the roller dryer developed by the research team. The dryer consisted of a vessel, heating drums, and a microcontroller, which was connected to the temperature sensor and the control circuit of the power part, which had a powerful rectifier and pulse regulator. Results and discussion. When the drying temperature exceeded 98°C, the characteristics of the milk powder deteriorated, and the milk failed to meet the State Standard. The optimal drying temperature was 92–95°C, since at this temperature all the characteristics, except for the solubility index, corresponded to the State Standard. The sensory and physical properties of the milk powder were improved by reducing the drying time and the distance between the knife and the drum. Conclusion. Further experiments have to be performed to determine the optimal rotation speed of the drums and the distance between the knife and the drum.

scholarly journals Optimize Production Based on Goods Using Supply Chain Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murti Retnowo ◽  
Anita Fira Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Marketplace ◽  
Chain Management

Competitive competition and the advent of the global marketplace becomes its own challenges, these challenges are associated with getting products and services are timely and low cost. Resolution to face both these things one of which with the application of Supply Chain Management (SCM). SCM is very effective for use in addressing the supply chain and securing competitive advantage and improve organizational performance not only within the Organization but the Organization among the supply chain. SCM will be used to provide the information the State of the stocks of raw materials and will be enabled as a reminder (reminder) and the order of the raw materials to the supplier by using Massage Passing or SMS Gateway. Model SCM is expected to control the inventory of goods, either over stock or stocks that are already able to save stock with time quickly and efficiently. 

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR OIL EXTRACTION FROM FAT-CONTAINING WASTES OF FISH PROCESSING IN THE VOLGA-CASPIAN BASIN

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 211-222
Author(s):  
M. D. Mukatova ◽  
N. A. Kirichko ◽  
M. S. Moiseenko ◽  
S. A. Skolkov
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
State Standard ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
The State ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Thermal Method ◽  
Caspian Basin ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Commercial Catch

Complete utilization of all wastes of fish processing becomes actual in modern conditions of depletion of the fish raw materials because of the commercial catch decreasing in the Volga-Caspian Basin. Abilities of fish oil extraction from fins of catfish are considered. Several technologies of the oil extraction from this waste are tested: thermal, carbamide-thermal, combined carbamide-thermal, and hydromechanical. Organoleptic parameters of the raw materials and produced fatty products are determined in accordance with the state standard № 7631-2008. Water, protein, fat, and mineral substances content in the raw material and physical and chemical properties of the produced fish oil are measured by standard methods given in the state standard № 7636-85, using the thin-layer chromatography. The fat content in the raw material is evaluated as 33.8 %. The fish oil output from the fat-containing raw materials is determined. The carbamide-thermal method is defined as the optimal one for oil extraction from fins of catfish. At the first stage, the raw material is heated to 70 о C during 60 minutes, then it is mixed with 1.5 % of carbamide in 30 % solution and the liquid and dense fractions of the mixture are separated under 3000 rpm in 30 minutes; at the second stage, the dense fraction is heated to 70°C, mixed with 20 % of water, and the mixture is heated to 75 о C during 60 min, then the liquid and dense fractions of the mixture are separated again; finally, the liquid fractions from both stages of treatment are subjected to sedimentation during 10 minutes under ambient temperature and the semi-finished fatty products are separated by 15 min. centrifuging at 4000 rpm. Phospholipids, monoglycerides, sterols, hydrocarbons, sterol esters, and the main fractions of triglycerides and carotenoids are presented in the fish oil produced with this technology, so it could be used in veterinary. This method for fish oil extraction from the fins of catfish is applied to the enterprises Parshikov and Fabrika Vesna and showed its efficiency in industrial conditions. 

Safety assessment of biological raw materials in the system of medicines quality assurance

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Yu. Olefir ◽  
E. Sakanyan ◽  
I. Osipova ◽  
V. Dobrynin ◽  
M. Smirnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
First Time ◽  
Medicines Quality

The entry of a wide range of biotechnological products into the pharmaceutical market calls for rein-forcement of the quality, efficacy and safety standards at the state level. The following general monographs have been elaborated for the first time to be included into the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, XIV edition: "Viral safety" and "Reduction of the risk of transmitting animal spongiform encephalopathy via medicinal products". These general monographs were elaborated taking into account the requirements of foreign pharmacopoeias and the WHO recommendations. The present paper summarises the key aspects of the monographs.

Bamboo Waste-based Bio-composite Substance: An application for Low-cost Construction Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Teodoro Astorga Amatosa ◽  
Michael E. Loretero
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Experimental Medium ◽  
Natural Treatment

Bamboo is a lightweight and high-strength raw materials that encouraged researchers to investigate and explore, especially in the field of biocomposite and declared as one of the green-technology on the environment as fully accountable as eco-products. This research was to assess the technical feasibility of making single-layer experimental Medium-Density Particleboard panels from the bamboo waste of a three-year-old (Dendrocalamus asper). Waste materials were performed to produce composite materials using epoxy resin (C21H25C105) from a natural treatment by soaking with an average of pH 7.6 level of sea-water. Three different types of MDP produced, i.e., bamboo waste strip MDP (SMDP), bamboo waste chips MDP (CMDP) and bamboo waste mixed strip-chips MDP (MMDP) by following the same process. The experimental panels tested for their physical-mechanical properties according to the procedures defined by ASTM D1037-12. Conclusively, even the present study shows properties of MDP with higher and comparable to other composite materials; further research must be given better attention as potential substitute to be used as hardwood materials, especially in the production, design, and construction usage.

Low-Cost Raw Materials Synthesized Na 2.9375PS 3.9375Cl 0.0625 Solid Electrolyte

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Nachuan Yang ◽  
Yi Shuai ◽  
Yunpeng Zhang ◽  
Kanghua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost

Material costs in productural productivity structure: world trends and impact on development of the domestic economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-205
Author(s):  
N. V. Firov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The State ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Material Costs

A comparative analysis of the prices of raw materials, fuel, electricity in Russia and Western countries, the dynamics of their growth and impact on the national economy. It is shown that in the interests of the country's economic development and improving the welfare of the population, it is necessary to use its natural resources more effectively, to pursue a more stringent and at the same time balanced policy to curb the growth of prices, taking into account the interests of the state and business.

The Conversion Conundrum: The State and Federal Response to Hospitals’ Changes in Charitable Status

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 221-250
Author(s):  
Lawrence E. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Joint Venture ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Nonprofit Hospitals ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Tax Exempt ◽  
Federal Response ◽  
Profit Status ◽  
Hospital Conversions

The pressures encountered by hospitals in the current era of reimbursement declines and stiffened competition are well known. As the “ultimate” payors—primarily employers and government—aggressively continue to seek low cost care, the response of the hospital industry has been to move toward consolidation and efficiency-enhancing mechanisms.Increasingly, nonprofit, tax-exempt hospitals have come to believe that they are at a significant disadvantage vis-á-vis their for-profit brethren in their ability to attract the capital needed to compete in the market. A growing trend among nonprofit hospitals, therefore, is to sell to or enter into a joint venture with a proprietary organization, or alternatively to convert to for-profit status. In 1995, fifty-eight nonprofit hospitals became for-profit; hospital conversions to for-profit status in 1996 are projected to outstrip the pace established the prior year.The conversion trend has not gone unnoticed at the state level. Recently, several states have proposed or enacted laws regulating sales and conversions of nonprofit hospitals, and many more states are contemplating such legislation.

scholarly journals Design of Low-Cost and High-Strength Titanium Alloys Using Pseudo-Spinodal Mechanism through Diffusion Couple Technology and CALPHAD

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2910
Author(s):  
Chaoyi Ding ◽  
Chun Liu ◽  
Ligang Zhang ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Libin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Couple ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Cr System

The high cost of development and raw materials have been obstacles to the widespread use of titanium alloys. In the present study, the high-throughput experimental method of diffusion couple combined with CALPHAD calculation was used to design and prepare the low-cost and high-strength Ti-Al-Cr system titanium alloy. The results showed that ultra-fine α phase was obtained in Ti-6Al-10.9Cr alloy designed through the pseudo-spinodal mechanism, and it has a high yield strength of 1437 ± 7 MPa. Furthermore, application of the 3D strength model of Ti-6Al-xCr alloy showed that the strength of the alloy depended on the volume fraction and thickness of the α phase. The large number of α/β interfaces produced by ultra-fine α phase greatly improved the strength of the alloy but limited its ductility. Thus, we have demonstrated that the pseudo-spinodal mechanism combined with high-throughput diffusion couple technology and CALPHAD was an efficient method to design low-cost and high-strength titanium alloys.

scholarly journals Molecular design revitalizes the low-cost PTV-polymer for highly efficient organic solar cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junzhen Ren ◽  
Pengqing Bi ◽  
Jianqi Zhang ◽  
Jiao Liu ◽  
Jingwen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Stable Conformation ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Aggregation Effect ◽  
Industrialization Process

Abstract Developing photovoltaic materials with simple chemical structures and easy synthesis still remains a major challenge in the industrialization process of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, an ester substituted poly(thiophene vinylene) derivative, PTVT-T, was designed and synthesized in very few steps by adopting commercially available raw materials. The ester groups on the thiophene units enable PTVT-T to have a planar and stable conformation. Moreover, PTVT-T presents a wide absorption band and strong aggregation effect in solution, which are the key characteristics needed to realize high performance in non-fullerene-acceptor (NFA)-based OSCs. We then prepared OSCs by blending PTVT-T with three representative fullerene- and NF-based acceptors, PC71BM, IT-4F and BTP-eC9. It was found that PTVT-T can work well with all the acceptors, showing great potential to match new emerging NFAs. Particularly, a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 16.20% is achieved in a PTVT-T:BTP-eC9-based device, which is the highest value among the counterparts based on PTV derivatives. This work demonstrates that PTVT-T shows great potential for the future commercialization of OSCs.

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