scholarly journals Initial Study of the Response of Ultra Early Maturing Rice Genotypes to Drought Stress Conditions in Vegetative and Generative Phase

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Untung Susanto ◽  
M. Y. Samaullah ◽  
R. H. Wening ◽  
M. J. Mejaya
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Generative Phase

<p>Perubahan iklim global menyebabkan meluasnya daerah dengan risiko kekeringan. Cekaman kekeringan pada tanaman padi terutama terjadi di lahan gogo, tadah hujan, dan irigasi terbatas. Perakitan varietas yang cocok untuk daerah-daerah tersebut diharapkan dapat meningkatkan hasil padi secara nyata. Padi umur genjah efektif untuk mengantisipasi cekaman kekeringan fase generatif di akhir musim hujan melalui mekanisme escape. Namun demikian, kekeringan yang tidak dapat diprediksi yang dapat terjadi pada awal, tengah, maupun akhir musim tanam memerlukan varietas yang betul-betul toleran terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Penggabungan sifat umur genjah dan toleran kekeringan diharapkan mampu mengantisipasi kondisi cekaman kekeringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons 23 genotipe padi umur genjah yang terdiri atas 3 varietas unggul, 10 varietas lokal, dan 10 galur introduksi yang diberi perlakuan optimum, tercekam kekeringan pada fase vegetatif (diairi hingga 7 hari setelah tanam dan diairi kembali ketika cek peka mengering), dan generatif (diairi hingga 28 hari setelah tanam dan diairi kembali hanya jika cek peka mengering). Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan BB Padi di Sukamandi pada MK 2009. Genotipe yang diuji diberi perlakuan pengairan tersebut di atas tanpa ulangan untuk mengetahui secara deskriptif kondisi karakter-karakter penting genotipe-genotipe yang diuji pada ketiga kondisi pengairan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan karakter hasil, Indeks Cekaman Kekeringan (IKK; Drought Sensitifity Index, DSS), Nilai Relatif (Relative Values, RV), dan keragaan agronomi, galur OM 1490 teridentifikasi toleran terhadap cekaman kekeringan fase vegetatif dan generatif dengan hasil 28,17 g/tanaman, 24,11 g/tanaman, dan 24,72 g/tanaman pada kondisi optimum, tercekam vegetatif, dan generatif. OM 1490 telah dilepas sebagai varietas Inpari 13 pada tahun 2010 dan varietas ini telah digunakan dalam kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman menghasilkan galur-galur harapan yang baru.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Global climate change has caused the spread of drought prone areas. Drought stress for rice mostly happen in upland, rainfed, and limited irrigation lowland areas. Development of varieties suitable for those areas would significantly increase rice yield. Early maturing genotypes are useful to anticipate predictable early or terminal drought by escape mechanism. Nevertheless, unpredictable drought happening during early, mid season and final planting season results in the need of genuinely droughttolerant genotypes. Combining early maturing and drought tolerant seems to be highly powerful to anticipate drought. This research was aimed to study the response of 23 early maturing rice genotypes consisting of 3 released varieties, 10 local varieties, and 10 introduced lines. The genotypes were exposed to vegetative (watered until 7 days after transplanting and rewater when the susceptible check was drying) and generative phase (watered until 28 days after transplanting and rewatered only if susceptible check was drying), drought stress conditions, and also optimum condition. The experiment was conducted in ICRR Experimental Station in Sukamandi during Dry Season (DS) of 2009. The genotypes were treated with three watering conditions mentioned above without replication to initially see the descriptive statistics of some agronomic traits of the genotypes under the mentioned conditions. The results showed that based on yield, Drought Sensitifity Index (DSS), Relative Values (RV), and agronomic performance, OM 1490 had been identified as tolerant to vegetative and generative drought stresses. It yielded 28.17 g/plant, 24.11 g/plant, and 24.72 g/plant at optimum, vegetative, and generative drought condition, respectively. OM 1490 had been released as Inpari 13 in 2010 and it had beed utilized for further breeding effort resulting new promising lines.</p>

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Selected Rice Genotypes under Water Stress Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Gaballah ◽  
Azza M. Metwally ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohamed M. Hassan ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Drought is the most challenging abiotic stress for rice production in the world. Thus, developing new rice genotype tolerance to water scarcity is one of the best strategies to achieve and maximize high yield potential with water savings. The study aims to characterize 16 rice genotypes for grain and agronomic parameters under normal and drought stress conditions, and genetic differentiation, by determining specific DNA markers related to drought tolerance using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers and grouping cultivars, establishing their genetic relationship for different traits. The experiment was conducted under irrigated (normal) and water stress conditions. Mean squares due to genotype × environment interactions were highly significant for major traits. For the number of panicles/plants, the genotypes Giza179, IET1444, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 showed the maximum mean values. The required sterility percentage values were produced by genotypes IET1444, Giza178, Hybrid2, and Giza179, while, Sakha101, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 achieved the highest values of grain yield/plant. The genotypes Giza178, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2, produced maximum values for water use efficiency. The effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.20 alleles to 3.0 alleles with an average of 1.28 alleles, and the He values for all SSR markers used varied from 0.94 to 1.00 with an average of 0.98. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for the SSR were varied from 0.83 to 0.99, with an average of 0.95 along with a highly significant correlation between PIC values and the number of amplified alleles detected per locus. The highest similarity coefficient between Giza181 and Giza182 (Indica type) was observed and are susceptible to drought stress. High similarity percentage between the genotypes (japonica type; Sakha104 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.45), Sakha101 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.40), Sakha105 with Hybrid1 (0.40), Hybrid1 with Giza178 (0.40) and GZ1368-S-5-4 with Giza181 (0.40)) was also observed, which are also susceptible to drought stress. All genotypes are grouped into two major clusters in the dendrogram at 66% similarity based on Jaccard’s similarity index. The first cluster (A) was divided into two minor groups A1 and A2, in which A1 had two groups A1-1 and A1-2, containing drought-tolerant genotypes like IET1444, GZ1386-S-5-4 and Hybrid1. On the other hand, the A1-2 cluster divided into A1-2-1 containing Hybrid2 genotype and A1-2-2 containing Giza179 and Giza178 at coefficient 0.91, showing moderate tolerance to drought stress. The genotypes GZ1368-S-5-4, IET1444, Giza 178, and Giza179, could be included as appropriate materials for developing a drought-tolerant variety breeding program. Genetic diversity to grow new rice cultivars that combine drought tolerance with high grain yields is essential to maintaining food security.

scholarly journals Phenological, Physiological and yield markers as efficient tools to identify drought tolerant rice genotypes in Eastern India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Goutam Kumar Dash ◽  
Arti Guhey ◽  
Mirza Jaynul Baig ◽  
Madhusmita Barik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Highly Correlated

ABSTRACTRice production is severely threatened by drought stress in Eastern India. To develop drought tolerant varieties, selection of donors for breeding programme is crucial. Twenty one selected rice genotypes including both tolerant and sensitive to drought were grown under well-watered and drought stress conditions in dry seasons of two successive years of 2017 and 2018. Leaf water potential, relative water content displayed significant difference among the genotypes during vegetative screening. At reproductive stage drought screening, days to 50% flowering was delayed in all genotypes except N22 and Anjali (showed early flowering) however grain yield and other yield related traits decreased significantly compared to well watered condition. Correlation analysis of phenological and yield related traits with grain yield revealed that tiller numbers and panicle numbers are highly correlated with grain yield both under well-watered and water stress conditions and contributes maximum towards grain yield. The dendrogram grouped Mahamaya, Sahabhagidhan, Poornima, IBD 1, Hazaridhan, Samleshwari and Danteshwari into one cluster which performed better under water stress conditions and had grain yield more than 1.69 tha−1. Sahabhagidhan, Poornima, Vandana, and N22 displayed tolerance to drought both under vegetative and reproductive conditions which could be a good selection for the breeders to develop drought tolerant rice cultivars for eastern region of India.

Groundnut mutants with end-of-season drought tolerance for the marginal dry lands of North Kordofan State, Sudan.

2021 ◽  
pp. 243-257
Author(s):  
Elgailani Abdalla ◽  
Tarig Ahmed ◽  
Omar Bakhit ◽  
Yasir Gamar ◽  
Salih Elshaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Dry Lands ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress

Abstract Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), produced in the traditional small-scale rainfed sector of Western Sudan, accounts for 80% of the total annual groundnut acreage, producing 70% of the total production. Low productivity of groundnut is a characteristic feature in North Kordofan State, which is characterized as the most vulnerable state to the impact of climate change. Terminal drought stress resulting from reduction in rainfall amount and distribution at the end of the season is the most deleterious drought period, as it coincides with groundnut pod filling and maturation periods. High and stable yields under subsistence farming conditions in North Kordofan State could be realized only by using adapted high-yielding, drought-tolerant genotypes. Mutation induction by gamma-rays of 200 and 300 Gy was utilized to irradiate 500 dry seeds of the Spanish-type groundnut genotypes, Barberton, Sodari, ICGV 89104, ICGV 86743, ICGV 86744 and ICG 221, aiming at increasing the chances of obtaining genotypes with the desired drought-tolerant traits. Mutants were selected from the M3 plants using visual morphological traits. Groundnut mutants at the M4 and M5 generations, advanced by single seed descent, were evaluated for end-of-season drought tolerance. A terminal drought period of 25 days was imposed after 60 days from planting, using a rainout shelter. Mutants that survived 25 days of terminal drought stress were further evaluated for agronomic performance under rainfed field conditions. The groundnut mutant, Barberton-b-30-3-B, produced 1024 kg/ha, a significantly higher mean pod yield over 12 seasons compared with 926 kg/ha for 'Gubeish', the widely grown released check cultivar, showing overall yield advantage of 11%. Under 5 years of participatory research, Barberton-b-30-3-B was ranked the best with yield increment of 21% over 'Gubeish' under the mother trials. The GGE biplot analysis for 12 and five seasons, respectively, showed that Barberton-b-30-3-B was stable and produced a good yield in both high and low rainfall situations. Hence, Barberton-b-30-3-B was found to be a suitable mutant for sustainable profitable yields in the marginal dry lands of North Kordofan State and was officially released as 'Tafra-1' by the National Variety Release Committee during its second meeting of April 2018.

scholarly journals SCREENING RICE (Oryza sativa L.) GENOTYPES FOR RESISTANCE AGAINST DROUGHT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Mohd Syahmi Salleh ◽  
Ris Amirah Malek ◽  
Rozilawati Shahari ◽  
Mohd Shukor Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Drought is regarded as one of the limiting factors in rice production nationally and globally. The present study was conducted to study morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of rice genotypes to drought stress, to identify potential traits for use as a selection criterion in breeding drought-tolerant rice at seedling stage and finally to identify rice genotype resistant to drought stress for use as parents in future breeding. The experimental design used was a split-plot design with three replications, with drought stress as the main plot and rice genotypes as the sub-plot. The main plots consisted of control (normal irrigation) and drought stress. The sub-plots consisted of twelve rice genotypes namely Apami (V1), Boewani (V2), Basmati 370 (V3), Cica- 4 (V4), Dular (V5), Jarom mas (V6), Kalarata (V7), Biris (V8), Haiboq (V9), Moroberekan (V10), MR 297 (V11) and Aerob 1 (V12). Results showed that drought stress led to a decrease in plant height, leaves size, root length, total dry weight, and number of leaves but an increment in proline content. The genotype Apami and Kalarata were found to accumulate higher proline content indicating potential resistant ability towards drought stress. Dular and Aerob1, along with tolerant control genotype, Moroberekan, on the other hand, recorded a lower SES score. Leave size, root length, and plant height could also be used as a selection criterion in breeding drought-tolerant rice due to high values of broad-sense heritability and genetic advance by percentage of mean (GAM). Nevertheless, further study on the genetics and physiological basis of tolerant ability at reproductive growth stages are necessary in order to assess grain yield potential of the potentially tolerant genotype reported in this study.

scholarly journals Drought effects on the mineral composition of the leaves of Actinidia species

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 710-722
Author(s):  
N.V. Tetyannikov ◽  
N.V. Кozak ◽  
D.V. Panischeva ◽  
M.E. Mertvischeva ◽  
М.S. Gins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
High Concentrations

Against the background of global climate change, drought stress has become one of the environmental limiting factors that can significantly influence the growth and development of crop plants. Drought stress conditions also cause changes in plant physiological and metabolic processes. The influence of soil drought on the mineral composition of the leaves of two Actinidia species with С3-type photosynthesis, namely, Actinidia argutа (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq. cultivar ‘Taezhny Dar’ and Actinidia kolomikta (Maxim. & Rupr.) Maxim. cultivar ‘Narodnaya’, was studied through energy dispersive spectrometry. The investigations were carried out during 2020 to 2021 at the Department of Genofonde and Bioresources of Plants, Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Moscow. The present research revealed that actinidia leaves contained the following major elements: K (11.19 mass% to 13.84 mass%), Ca (7.83% to 12.08 mass%), Cl (6.20 mass% to 7.33 mass%), and Mg (2.98 mass% to 3.44 mass%). Low values were recorded for Mo (1.19 mass% to 4.49 mass%) and P (0.83 mass% to 1.25 mass%). In both species, the mineral elements K and Ca were present at high levels. A positive correlation was observed between Mg–P, K–Mn, Mn–Se, Cu-Se, P–Si, Na–Mo, and Si–Mn in the leaves of A. argutа and between Cl–Ca, Mo; P–Si, Mo; and K–Ca in the leaves of A. kolomikta. Under stress conditions, the ratios of K/Ca and K/P declined to 0.9 and 6.3, respectively, whereas those of K/Cl, K/Mg, and K/Mo increased to 3.8, 4.4, and 2.7, respectively. The present studies confirmed that actinidia leaves contained high concentrations of minerals, especially K, Ca, P, and Mg, and that the accumulation of mineral elements in actinidia plant leaves under drought conditions varied depending on the species.

scholarly journals Overexpression of the GmDREB2 gene increases proline accumulation and tolerance to drought stress in soybean plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 495-503
Author(s):  
Thi Thanh Nhan Pham ◽  
Huu Quan Nguyen ◽  
Thi Ngoc Lan Nguyen ◽  
Xuan Tan Dao ◽  
Danh Thuong Sy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Transgenic Soybean ◽  
Transcription Level ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Soybean Plants

The dehydration responsive element binding (DREB) is a plant protein subfamily expressed when soybean plants face abiotic stresses. These DREB proteins are also considered to activate the transcription of drought-resistant genes. In this study, we present the determined results of relationships between overexpression of Glycine max DREB2 (GmDREB2) with the transcription level of Glycine max pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (GmP5CS) gene, proline accumulation and drought tolerant ability transgenic soybean plants as the basis for selection of transgenic lines with high drought tolerance. GmDREB2 was inserted into a plant transgenic vector and the 35S-GmDREB2-cmyc construct was transferred into the soybean plants by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Recombinant GmDREB2 protein with a molecular weight of approximately 20 kDa was expressed in four transgenic soybean lines in the T1 generation. The GmP5CS gene was shown to have significantly (P<0.05) increased expression in the T2 transgenic soybean lines and higher than compared to non-transgenic plants with considering both in well watered condition and stressed conditions were from 1.06 to 1.31-fold and 1.37 to 1.95-fold, respectively. The proline content of four transgenic soybean lines increased 155.81% to 187.42 % after five days in drought-stress conditions and increased from 180.52 % to 233.74 % after nine days under drought-stress conditions (P<0.05). Therefore, the overexpression of GmDREB2 resulted in increasing transcription level of P5CS gene, proline accumulation and drought-stress tolerance of the transgenic soybean plants. The GmDREB2 transformation into soybean plants was confirmed by the results of genetically modified lines in the T2 generation (T2-1, T2-6, T2-7, and T2-8) with higher drought tolerant ability than those of non-transgenic plants.

scholarly journals ABA biosynthesis and degradation contributing to ABA homeostasis during barley seed development under control and terminal drought-stress conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 2615-2632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiane Seiler ◽  
Vokkaliga Thammegowda Harshavardhan ◽  
Kalladan Rajesh ◽  
Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy ◽  
Marc Strickert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Barley Seed ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Terminal Drought Stress ◽  
Aba Biosynthesis
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