scholarly journals POPULATION FLUCTUATION OF ADULT MALES OF THE FRUIT FLY, Bactrocera tau Walker (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) IN PASSION FRUIT ORCHARDS IN RELATION TO ABIOTIC FACTORS AND SANITATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hasyim ◽  
Muryati Muryati ◽  
W.J. De Kogel
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Cotton Wick

Fruit fly (Bactrocera tau) is the most destructive pest on some fruits in Indonesia. Monitoring of the pest population is essential as one of the procedures in the IPM concept. The study aimed to investigate the seasonal fluctuation of adult males of B. tau and their damage on passion fruits in relation to abiotic factors. The research was done by a survey method on three plots of passion fruit orchards in Alahan Panjang, West Sumatra, Indonesia from March to December 2005. In plot 1 the farmer practiced sanitation by removing damaged fruits and weeds from the orchard. In the plots 2 and 3 no sanitation was practiced. Each plot was 1 ha in size. The parameters observed were density of adult male B. tau and climatic factors (rainfall per day, number of rainy days, and average day temperature). Empty mineral water bottle traps were used to catch adult males of B. tau. Each plot had 16 traps set up with cue lure as fruit fly attractant. Each trap was baited with 3 ml cue lure on a cotton wick (1 cm diameter). The cotton wick was rebaited at 2-week intervals. The traps were placed on host plants about 1.5 m above the ground. Trapped flies were collected every two weeks and counted. The data were analyzed by correlation analysis. The results revealed that the number of male B. tau<br />in three orchards showed a similar fluctuation during the study period with a major peak in July. The lower numbers of flies captured in plot 1 (with sanitation) compared to the two other plots (without sanitation) were consistent with a lower percentage of damaged fruits in the plot 1 compared to the other two. The percentage of damaged fruits gradually decreased over time to about 20% in plot 1 which is lower than that in the other two<br />plots (30-40%). The number of fruit flies captured with cue lure baited traps correlated positively with all three abiotic factors studied. The seasonal fluctuation of the fruit fly population and the damage to the fruits are necessary to be studied as a procedure<br />in IPM for controlling B. tau.

scholarly journals POPULATION FLUCTUATION OF ADULT MALES OF THE FRUIT FLY, Bactrocera tau Walker (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) IN PASSION FRUIT ORCHARDS IN RELATION TO ABIOTIC FACTORS AND SANITATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hasyim ◽  
Muryati Muryati ◽  
W.J. De Kogel
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Cotton Wick

Fruit fly (Bactrocera tau) is the most destructive pest on some fruits in Indonesia. Monitoring of the pest population is essential as one of the procedures in the IPM concept. The study aimed to investigate the seasonal fluctuation of adult males of B. tau and their damage on passion fruits in relation to abiotic factors. The research was done by a survey method on three plots of passion fruit orchards in Alahan Panjang, West Sumatra, Indonesia from March to December 2005. In plot 1 the farmer practiced sanitation by removing damaged fruits and weeds from the orchard. In the plots 2 and 3 no sanitation was practiced. Each plot was 1 ha in size. The parameters observed were density of adult male B. tau and climatic factors (rainfall per day, number of rainy days, and average day temperature). Empty mineral water bottle traps were used to catch adult males of B. tau. Each plot had 16 traps set up with cue lure as fruit fly attractant. Each trap was baited with 3 ml cue lure on a cotton wick (1 cm diameter). The cotton wick was rebaited at 2-week intervals. The traps were placed on host plants about 1.5 m above the ground. Trapped flies were collected every two weeks and counted. The data were analyzed by correlation analysis. The results revealed that the number of male B. tau<br />in three orchards showed a similar fluctuation during the study period with a major peak in July. The lower numbers of flies captured in plot 1 (with sanitation) compared to the two other plots (without sanitation) were consistent with a lower percentage of damaged fruits in the plot 1 compared to the other two. The percentage of damaged fruits gradually decreased over time to about 20% in plot 1 which is lower than that in the other two<br />plots (30-40%). The number of fruit flies captured with cue lure baited traps correlated positively with all three abiotic factors studied. The seasonal fluctuation of the fruit fly population and the damage to the fruits are necessary to be studied as a procedure<br />in IPM for controlling B. tau.

scholarly journals Fluktuasi Populasi Lalat Buah Bactrocera spp. (Diptera : Tephritidae) pada Pertanaman Cabai Merah (Capsicum Annuum) di Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat

Agrikultura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Susanto ◽  
Yadi Supriyadi ◽  
Tohidin Tohidin ◽  
Nenet Susniahti ◽  
Vickri Hafizh
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Rainy Days

ABSTRACTFluctuation population of fruit flies Batrocera spp. (Dipthera: Tephritidae) on chilli (Capsicum annuum) plantation areas in Bandung Regency, West JavaFruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) are destructive pest that cause damages to horticulture commodities such as fruits and vegetables. The purpose of this study was to investigate fluctuation population of fruit flies in relation to abiotic factors, such as temperature, rainfall, number of rainy days, and biotic factors, such as host phenology and natural enemies. The field experiment was conducted in Pulosari Village, Pangalengan, Bandung. This research used survey method by placing 20 fruit flies traps on host plants, in which 10 traps were being placed in the outside and the others were being placed in the inside within 10 meters distance per trap. Trapped flies were collected and their population was counted in every week. The results revealed that abiotitic factors (temperature, rainfall, number of rainy days) have non significant influence indicated by the regression analysis of each temperature (Y=-101.2+2298.7x; R2=0.253; P>0.05), rainfall (Y= 0.143+154.4x; R2 = 0.004; P> 0.05), and the number of rainy days (Y= 6.607+140.51x; R2 = 0.015; P>0.05). Meanwhile, fruit fly with the dominant population was Bactocera dorsalis which was included into sibling species of Bactrocera dorsalis Complex with number of population was 93% from specimen sample.Keywords: Fluctuation population, fruit flies, Batrocera dorsalis Complex, ChilliABSTRAKLalat buah (Bactrocera spp.) merupakan hama penting yang menyerang tanaman hortikultura baik buah-buahan ataupun sayuran buah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi fluktuasi populasi lalat buah pada pertanaman cabai merah terhadap faktor abiotik berupa suhu, curah hujan, jumlah hari hujan dan faktor biotik berupa fenologi tanaman inang dan musuh alami. Percobaan ini dilaksanakan di Desa Pulosari, Kecamatan Pangalengan Kabupaten Bandung. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan metode survei dengan memasang perangkap lalat buah pada lahan pertanaman cabai merah sebanyak 20 perangkap dengan 10 perangkap bagian luar dan 10 perangkap bagian dalam dengan jarak antar perangkap 10 meter. Hasil tangkapan dikumpulkan dan dihitung populasi lalat buah yang terperangkap setiap minggunya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan faktor abiotik (suhu, curah hujan, jumlah hari hujan) tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan ditunjukan dengan analisis regresi masing-masing pada suhu ( Y= -101,2+ 2298,7x ; R2=0,253; P > 0,05), Curah hujan (Y= 0,143 + 154,4x ; R2= 0,004 ; P > 0,05), dan Jumlah hari hujan (Y= 6,607 + 140,51x ; R2=0,015 ; P > 0,05) Sedangkan lalat buah yang memiliki populasi paling dominan adalah Bactrocera dorsalis yang termasuk sibling dari spesies Bactrocera dorsalis Kompleks dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 93% dari sampel spesimen.Kata kunci : Fluktuasi populasi, Lalat buah, Bactrocera dorsalis Kompleks, Cabai merah

Improving the Lifetime Efficiency of Trimedlure-Dispensing System in Trapping the Fruit Fly Ceratitis capitata Using Polyethylene Matrix

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed H Bayoumy ◽  
Mostafa M El-Metwally ◽  
Refaat A El-Adly ◽  
Tamsin M O Majerus
Keyword(s):  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Polyethylene Matrix ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fruit Orchards ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Cotton Wick

Abstract Detection of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is highly reliant on traps loaded with trimedlure (TML), a male-specific attractant. The successful application of attractants requires that constituents are placed in a suitable dispensing system to reduce volatilization and increase the effective field longevity of the attractant. A series of trials were conducted in different fruit orchards to test 1) the efficiency of a polyethylene-matrix plug in regulating the emission rate of TML 2) and the lifetime attractiveness of the plug compared to the cotton wick dispenser. Cotton dispensers containing the recommended dose of TML (0.75 cm3) and with a double dose (1.5 cm3) remained active for 6 and 8 wk, respectively. The increase in TML dose from 0.75 cm3 to 1.5 cm3 led to an increase in the longevity of the cotton dispenser, but there was no significant difference between the doses in biological activity. In all trials, TML-polyethylene matrix dispensers were more efficient under field conditions as they attracted more males for up to 12 wk and prolonged the release of TML more than the cotton wick dispensers. The TML-loaded polyethylene matrix dispensers might be useful in 1) minimizing the losses of the liquid TML from cotton wicks, 2) avoiding the damage that occurs when using other dispensers, 3) prolonging the TML lifetime in the field through regulating its release rates, 4) potentially minimizing the adverse effect of high temperatures on release rate, and, finally, 5) minimizing the costs of using large amounts of expensive TML solutions.

scholarly journals Fluktuasi Populasi Lalat Buah (Bactrocera dorsalis Kompleks.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) pada Pertanaman Pepaya di Desa Margaluyu, Kabupaten Garut

Agrikultura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Susanto ◽  
Faisal Fathoni ◽  
N. I. Nur Atami ◽  
Tohidin Tohidin
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
T Test ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Biotic Factor ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Rainy Days

ABSTRACTPopulation fluctuations fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Complex) (Diptera: Tephritidae) on a papaya plantation at the Margaluyu Village, Garut RegencyFruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis Complex.) is the main pest that attacks papaya plants and responsible for losses outcome attaining 100%. The purpose of this research was to understand the effects of abiotic factors (rainfalls and rainy days) and biotic factor (the availability of fruits) against the fruit fly population in papaya plantation. This research was conducted using a survey method to set traps on papaya plantation as many as 10 pieces on the edge of the garden and another 10 inside at Margaluyu Village, Leles District, Garut Regency. The results showed that abiotic factors such us rainfall and rainy days did not show a significant correlation to the increasing population of fruit flies. The biotic factor which was the availability of fruits showed a positive correlation to increasing fruit fly population. The result of T-test analysis at the 5% level showed that the average catches of fruit flies with the egde of trap and the inside of trap giving a real difference.Keywords: Bactrocera dorsalis Complex, Fruit fly, Papaya, Population fluctuationABSTRAKLalat buah (Bactrocera dorsalis Complex.) merupakan hama penting yang menyerang tanaman pepaya dan dapat menyebabkan kehilangan hasil sampai 100%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor abiotik (curah hujan dan jumlah hari hujan) serta faktor biotik (ketersediaan buah) terhadap fluktuasi populasi lalat buah pada pertanaman pepaya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Margaluyu, Kecamatan Leles, Kabupaten Garut. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode survei dengan memasang perangkap pada pertanaman pepaya sebanyak 10 buah di bagian tepi kebun dan 10 buah pada bagian dalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor abiotik berupa curah hujan dan jumlah hari hujan tidak menunjukkan korelasi yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan populasi lalat buah. Faktor biotik yaitu ketersediaan buah menunjukkan korelasi positif terhadap peningkatan populasi lalat buah. Hasil analisis T-test pada taraf 5% menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata hasil tangkapan lalat buah pada perangkap tepi dan perangkap dalam memberikan perbedaan yang nyata.Kata kunci: Bactrocera dorsalis Kompleks, Fluktuasi populasi, Lalat buah, Pepaya.

Komparasi Unsur Budaya (Kepercayaan) pada Masyarakat Talaga, Majalengka dan Masyarakat Nagoya, Jepang

Metahumaniora ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Asri Soraya Afsari
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Field Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji perbandingan kepercayaan masyarakat Talagadi Majalengka dan masyarakat Nagoya di Jepang. Kepercayaan yang dimaksud dalampenelitian ini adalah kepercayaan yang berhubungan dengan tabu atau pamali dankepercayaan yang berhubungan dengan keberuntungan pada kedua masyarakat tersebut.Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut digunakan metode deskripstif kualitatif. Dalam memupudata digunakan metode lapangan karena peneliti terjun langsung ke masyarakat. Disamping itu, digunakan pula metode survey melalui penyebaran daftar kuesioner. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk kepercayaan yang berhubungan dengan tabu ataupamali pada masyarakat Talaga dan Nagoya meliputi kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh manusia.Adapun kepercayaan yang berhubungan dengan keberuntungan pada kedua masyarakattersebut berkaitan dengan binatang, benda, dan kegiatan manusia. Sampai saat ini baikmasyarakat Talaga maupun Nagoya masih memegang teguh kepercayaan tersebut.Kata kunci: kepercayaan, Talaga, Nagoya, deskriptif kualitatif, komparasi budaya.AbstractThe aim of this research is to review the comparison of belief between the society ofTalaga in Majalengka and the society of Nagoya in Japan. The intended belief on this study isthe one related with a taboo or pamali, and the belief correlated to luck on both societies. Inachieving the goal, this research uses a descriptive qualitative method. To get the data, thewriter uses a field method that he (/she) directly involves with the people. On the other hand,the writer also uses a survey method by distributing questioners. The result shows that the beliefcorrelated with the taboo or pamali of Talaga and Nagoya societies covers the activities doneby human. Also with the belief related to luck of both societies corresponds to animals, things,and human’s activities. Until now, either Talaga society or Nagoya’s still keeps those beliefs.Keyword: belief, Talaga, Nagoya, descriptive qualitative, cultural comparison.

scholarly journals The influence of athletic performance on the highest positions of the final ranking during 2017/2018 Serie A season

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Umile Giuseppe Longo ◽  
Francesco Sofi ◽  
Vincenzo Candela ◽  
Laura Risi Ambrogioni ◽  
Giuditta Pagliai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Our previous study on the 2016/2017 Serie A season showed that a greater likelihood of reaching the top positions in the Italian league “Serie A” seemed to be mainly related to sprint activity, goal attempts, total throws, target shots and assists. Therefore, we aim to evaluate the following season data in the same league to compare, confirm, and improve these results. Methods The data of all the matches played during the “Serie A” 2017–2018 season were obtained from the Italian soccer league. The teams’ analysis was performed in terms of total distance covered in km, jogging, running and sprint activities, average speed, and match statistics (total shots, shots on target, goal attempts, assists, turnovers, and steals). Results Teams that reached the first four positions revealed a lower percentage of running (65.98 ± 1.51 vs. 66.84 ± 2.18; p < 0.001), a higher percentage of jogging (25.61 ± 1.71 vs. 25.30 ± 1.97; p = 0.037) and sprint activities (8.41 ± 1.04 vs. 7.86 ± 0.82; p < 0.001). Match statistics seem to be statistically different between the first four teams the other teams. The total goals are strongly associated both with the total score at the end of the championship (R = 0.906; p < 0.001) and with the position in the final ranking (R = 0.850; p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results suggest that high-level teams have a lower running rate and a higher percentage of jogging and sprinting than other teams.

Folic acid and vitamin B12 status of vervet monkeys used for nutritional research

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Venter ◽  
H. Cloete ◽  
J. V. Seier ◽  
M. J. Faber ◽  
J. E. Fincham
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Atherogenic Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Vervet Monkeys ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Plasma and red blood cell (RBC) folic acid levels, as well as plasma vitamin B12 levels were determined in Vervet monkeys ( Cercopithecus aethiops). All the vervets were apparently healthy and without symptoms or lesions typical of folic acid and/or vitamin B12 deficiencies. Competitive protein binding radioassays were used to determine folate and vitamin B12 values in animals fed 4 different diets. The B12 levels for all the groups ranged between 866 and 5867 pg/ml and showed an inverse relationship with the FA measurements. The lowest mean RBC folic acid content in a group fed an atherogenic diet for 3 years was 12·8 ng/ml. For the other 3 diets, mean RBC folic acid levels were 90·7, 132·3 and 152·8 ng/ml, respectively. A megadose of 25·6 mg of folic acid per day for 99 days was given to 3 adult males. No obvious toxic effects were observed in these animals although mean RBC folic acid levels increased to 1013 ng/ml.

scholarly journals SOSIALISASI TEMPE SEBAGAI MAKANAN ORGANIK DAN SEHAT KEPADA IBU RUMAH TANGGA DI KOTA TANGERANG SELATAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
Anastasi Tatik Hartanti ◽  
Yasinta Ratna Esti Wulandari ◽  
Rory Anthony Hutagalung ◽  
Tati Barus
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
The Other ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Community Knowledge ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Strongly Agree

Tempeh is a traditional Indonesian food that has many advantages as food and the process of making it is quite simple. However, the community knowledge about tempeh and the skills to produce healthy tempeh are still low. This community service aimed to increase the knowledge about tempeh and to improve the skills of its manufacturers in making healthy and good quality tempeh. The activities were carried out for mothers living in Villa Dago Tol complex, Ciputat, South Tangerang 15414, by using the methods of counseling, demonstration, and mentoring. Monitoring was conducted to measure the success rate of participants in producing healthy tempeh. The level of community knowledge about tempeh was evaluated through survey method. The results of counseling, demonstration, and mentoring succeeded in improving the participant skills as seen from the participants' success in following the healthy tempeh-making procedure. The results were also reinforced by the results of monitoring where all participants managed to create healthy tempeh. Survey results showed participants’ increasing knowledge of healthy tempeh and motivation in producing healthy tempeh. Assessment of participants showed good results, especially in improving knowledge (73% stated strongly agree and the rest agree). The ability of the facilitators in delivering the material was also considered good by the participants (92% stated strongly agree and the rest agree). As a follow-up, the participants suggested that the training be extended to the other communities and the training also include a variety of topics such as the manufacturing of tofu, healthy food processing, sewing, and many others.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp. in snail meat

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 6074-2018
Author(s):  
WALDEMAR PASZKIEWICZ ◽  
KRZYSZTOF SZKUCIK ◽  
MONIKA ZIOMEK ◽  
MICHAŁ GONDEK ◽  
RENATA PYZ-ŁUKASIK
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cornu Aspersum ◽  
Meat Samples

The objective of the research was to determine the occurrence of microorganisms of the Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp. in raw and frozen (cooked) snail meat obtained from both free-living and farmed edible snails. The research material comprised meat samples collected from three snail species (25g from each), that is, Roman snail (Helix pomatia – HP), small brown garden snail (Cornu aspersum aspersum – CAA) and large brown garden snail (Cornu aspersum maxima – CAM). Roman snails came from their natural environment and were harvested in Wielkopolska Voivodeship and Lower Silesia Voivodeship (regions A and B, respectively). The Cornu genus snails were obtained from two heliciculture farms located in the abovementioned voivodeships (farms A and B, respectively). On both farms, the snails were maintained under the mixed rearing system. The raw meat samples taken from the edible portion of snails, that is, the foot with collar and a fragment of the mantle, were obtained after the snails were sacrificed in the laboratory. The frozen meat samples, on the other hand, came from a snail meat processing facility. A total of 300 samples were examined for the presence of Salmonella spp., and 240 for the presence of Listeria spp. The research also included pooled soil samples of 0.5 kg each collected from polytunnels (in the pre-fattening stage) and outdoor farming plots (in the fattening stage). The tests for the Salmonella presence were performed in accordance with Polish standard PN-EN ISO 6579:2003, and the test for Listeria complied with PN-EN ISO 11290-1:1999. Listeria monocytogenes was identified by the PCR technique. Salmonella spp. were not detected in any of the 300 samples of raw and cooked snail meat under study. Nor were these pathogens isolated from the soil samples. The absence of these bacteria in the raw meat samples indicates that Salmonella spp. did not occur in either the natural habitat of Roman snails or the two farms producing Cornu genus snails. On the other hand, bacteria of Listeria spp. were detected in 101 (42.1%) snail meat samples. A particularly high load of microbiota was found in raw meat, as these bacteria contaminated from 60% (for HP from region A and CAM from farm B) up to 75% (for CAA from farm A) of samples. Notably, a markedly lower percentage (35%) of samples containing Listeria spp. was found only among the Roman snail raw meat samples from the region B. Listeria spp. were also detected in all the soil samples. Thermal treatment of meat achieved a substantial reduction in the load of Listeria spp., but did not eliminate it. The frequency of this genus in frozen meat samples was from 63.5% (for CAM from farm A) to 15.4% (for CAA from farm B) of that in raw meat. The PCR technique was used identify 15 selected strains, including 11 from raw meat samples and 4 from cooked meat. A total of 5 isolates were recognized as Listeria monocytogenes (2.1% of all samples examined and 4.95% of samples with Listeria spp.). All of them originated from the raw meat of farmed snails, including one (CAA) from the farm A and four (3 CAA and 1 CAM) from the farm B. Bacteria of the Salmonella and Listeria genera occur in the natural habitat of edible snails, which poses a potential hazard to human health. Effective implementation of control programmes at the primary production stage is the first step that could considerably limit the presence of these pathogens in farmed snails and, consequently, in snail meat. .

scholarly journals An elusive new species of gymnophthalmid lizard (Cercosaurinae, Selvasaura) from the Andes of northern Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
Lourdes Y. Echevarría ◽  
Pablo J. Venegas ◽  
Luis A. García-Ayachi ◽  
Pedro M. Sales Nunes
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
The Andes ◽  
New States ◽  
Northern Peru ◽  
A New Species

We describe a new species of Selvasaura from the montane forests of the eastern slopes of the Andes in northern Peru, based on external and hemipenial morphological characters and previous phylogenetic analyses. The new species can be differentiated from the other two Selvasaura species in having keeled dorsal scales usually flanked by longitudinal striations, in adults and juveniles; adult males with a yellow vertebral stripe bordered by broad dark brown stripes on each side and a unilobed hemipenis surrounded by the branches of the sulcus spermaticus. The description of the new species contributes information about new states of diagnostic characters of Selvasaura and natural history.

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