scholarly journals Perkembangan Penyakit Diplodia pada Tiga Isolat Botryodiplodia theobromae Path dan Peran Toksin Dalam Menekan Penyakit pada Jeruk (Citrus spp.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutia Erti Dwiastuti ◽  
Gusti Ngurah Ketut Budiarta ◽  
Loekas Soesanto
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Botryodiplodia Theobromae ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Crude Toxin ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Necrotic Symptom ◽  
Citrus Varieties

<p>Penyakit diplodia (Botryodiplodia theobromae) pada tanaman jeruk menyebar cukup luas di sentra jeruk Indonesia. Serangan parah penyakit dapat menyebabkan kematian apabila tidak dikendalikan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui patogenisitas dan peran toksin dari tiga isolat B. theobromae asal Pasuruan dan Magetan pada jeruk siam, pamelo, dan manis. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika pada bulan November 2015 – Mei 2016. Penelitian terdiri atas dua percobaan, yaitu uji patogenisitas pada tanaman dan uji toksin kasar pada skala laboratorium. Uji patogenisitas menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan sembilan kombinasi perlakuan terdiri atas tiga jenis isolat, yaitu Mg52A.1, dan Mg39.2 (asal Magetan), Ps8b (asal Pasuruan), serta tiga jenis tanaman jeruk (pamelo, siam, manis). Parameter pengamatan terdiri atas masa inkubasi, jumlah sampel nekrosis, dan luas gejala. Perlakuan pengujian toksin terdiri atas kontrol tanpa toksin, toksin kasar isolat Mg52A.1, toksin kasar isolat Mg39.2, dan toksin kasar isolat Ps8b. Aplikasi toksin dilakukan pada daun tiga varietas jeruk dengan rancangan acak lengkap, tiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali dan masing masing terdiri atas dua daun asal tanaman yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masa inkubasi isolat Mg39.2 lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan isolat Mg52A.1 dan Ps8b. Ketiga isolat patogen B. theobromae asal Pasuruan dan Magetan memiliki patogenisitas yang sama dalam menimbulkan gejala penyakit pada jeruk pamelo, siam, dan manis, sedangkan toksin hanya berperan dalam mempercepat masa inkubasi.</p><p>Diplodia disease (Botryodiplodia theobromae) spread quite widely in Indonesia citrus center. Severe attacks of disease can cause death if it not controlled. The purpose of this study was determine the pathogenicity and the effect of toxins from three isolates of B. theobromae origin Pasuruan and Magetan on tangerine, pummelo, and sweet orange varieties. The study was conducted at Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Research Institute during November 2015 – May 2016. This observation consisted of two experiments that pathogenicity test in screenhouse and crude toxin of patogen test in laboratory. Pathogenicity test used randomized block design arranged as factorial. The first factor was three isolates: Mg52A.1, Mg39.2 (from Magetan), Ps8b (from Pasuruan) and the second factor were kind of citrus (pummelo, tangerine , and sweet orange). The observation parameter consist of the incubation period, the number of necrotic samples and visual symptom. Crude toxin test treatment consists of a control test toxin without toxins, crude toxin Mg52A.1, crude toxin Mg39.2 toxin, crude toxin Ps8b. Application toxin carried out on the three leaf varieties of oranges. Each treatment was repeated three times and each consists of two leaves of different varieties. The results showed that the incubation period Mg39.2 isolates faster than two other isolates. Infection with different isolates and treatment of different citrus varieties shows that it did not different significantly in causing disease symptom of diplodia. Similarly result on crude toxin treatment with three isolates on three varieties showed that it were not different necrotic symptom. Thus the three isolates of pathogens B.theobromae origin from Pasuruan and Magetan have the same pathogenicity in causing disease symptoms in citrus pummelo, tangerine, and sweet orange. Toxin only play a role in accelerating the incubation period.</p>

scholarly journals Bio-priming of Aceh local chili seeds in the effort to increase production and begomo virus resistance

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012081
Author(s):  
S Hafsah ◽  
Yusnizar ◽  
Nura ◽  
K S Kaloko ◽  
F Reza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Crown Width ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Banda Aceh

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether P60 could induce resistance in local Aceh chili varieties to begomovirus and compared with national varieties. This research was conducted at the Experimental Farm, Genetics and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, from March to July 2021. This study used a factorial randomized block design. The tested factors consisted of two factors. The first factor is bio priming. The second factor consists of four local Aceh chili varieties, namely: V1 = Odeng, V2 = Lanyoe, V3 = Super Lamando and V4 = LamandoLapaben and one national variety, namely V5 = Baja F1 as a comparison variety. The results showed that the best local Aceh variety was LamandoLapaben for the variables of resistance response, incubation period, disease intensity, disease incidence, stem diameter, and crown width. The best local variety Aceh Lanyoe on plant height and dichotomous height parameters. Giving P60 can reduce the percentage of disease incidence by 52.00% and slow down the process of emergence of disease symptoms (incubation period) 27.11 DAP. The best combination treatment was the LamandoLapaben variety, which was 1.41 milligram Units-1 (Umg)-1.

scholarly journals PERANAN TOKSIN YANG DIHASILKAN OLEH BOTRYODIPLODIA THEOBROMAE DALAM MENIMBULKAN PENYAKIT DIPLODIA PADA BEBERAPA JENIS JERUK

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-167
Author(s):  
Salamiah Salamiah
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Botryodiplodia Theobromae ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Crude Toxin ◽  
Necrotic Symptom ◽  
Leaf Necrosis ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Citrus Leaves

Role of toxin produced by Botryodiplodia theobromae causes Diplodia Bark Diseases on some citrus.  The purpose of the research was to study the role of toxin produced by Botryodiplodia theobromae causes diplodia bark diseases on some citrus. Research was conducted from March through November 2007.  The experiment was done at the laboratory and at a glass house of the Department of Plant Pests and Diseases of the Faculty of Agriculture and the laboratory of the Faculty of Science and Mathematics Lambung Mangkurat University in Banjarbaru.  For a leaf-necrosis bioassay of crude toxin production, the surfaces of the leaves were scratched near the center with a needle, and culture filtrate samples (50 µl) were placed on each wounded site.  Treated leaves were incubated in a moist chamber with light at 26oC for 4 days, and toxin activity was determined by induction of veinal necrosis on the seven susceptible cultivar of citrus.  The results of the experiment showed that the B. theobromae pathogens produced the toxin. The crude toxin was bioassayed for leaf necrosis to determine their ability to produce toxin.  Culture filtrates of the isolate were highly toxic only on five susceptible citrus leaves siam Banjar citrus, sweet orange, lime, kaffir lime, and sour lime,  indicating that the B. theobromae can produced toxin.  Pathogenicity and toxin production of B. theobromae did not differ among different cultivar.  While, no necrotic symptom produces on the pummelo and sunkist.  Toxin production of B. theobromae  produced during spore germination.

scholarly journals POTENSI AGENSIA HAYATI DAN NABATI DALAM MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT BUSUK RIMPANG JAHE

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Loekas Soesanto ◽  
Sudarmono Sudarmono ◽  
Nur Prihatiningsih ◽  
Abdul Manan ◽  
Endang Iriani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ginger Rhizome ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Central Java Province ◽  
Rhizome Rot

Potency of biological and botanical agents in controlling ginger rhizome rot. Research aimed at knowing integrity of various control agents in controlling causal agent of ginger rhizome rot. The research was carried out at Gowak Village, Pringsurat District, Temanggung Regency, Central Java Province, from November up to May 2004. Randomized Block Design was used with treatments of biological (Bacillus sp. with density of x  1010 cfu ml-1 suspension and Trichoderma harzianum 20 g crop-1), of botanical (clove leaves powder of 20 g crop-1 and neem seeds extract of 25 ml crop-1), and synthetical agents (benomil with concentration of 2 g l-1) either alone or in combination, with three replicates. Variables observed were incubation period, disease intensity, infection rate, number of leaves per crop, crop height, and ginger production per hectare. Result of the research showed that the location was endemic of the disease. The treatments could generally retard the incubation period and the infection rate, decrease the disease intensity, and increase the ginger production. The highest ginger yield was obtained from the plot given Trichoderma harzianum (Trikonis), either alone or in combination with the dry clove leaves of 10 g crop-1 as many as four times with interval of seven days started from seedling planted.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Penghasil Minyak Atsiri untuk Pengendalian Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Penyebab Penyakit Layu Fusarium pada Tanaman Pisang

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Riska ◽  
Jumjunidang ◽  
Catur Hermanto
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Initial Number ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Penyakit layu yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Fusarium  oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman pisang. Teknik pengendalian yang efektif dan berwawasan lingkungan perlu terus diupayakan, di antaranya melalui penggunaan pestisida nabati. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian daun beberapa tumbuhan penghasil minyak atsiri terhadap jumlah propagul awal Foc dalam tanah dan pengendalian penyakit layu Fusarium pisang pada skala rumah kasa. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit dan Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika Solok mulai bulan Februari sampai dengan Juni 2009. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam percobaan ialah acak kelompok dengan lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan, masing-masing ulangan terdiri atas lima tanaman. Perlakuan tersebut adalah empat jenis daun tumbuhan penghasil minyak atsiri yaitu : (A) daun nilam, (B) serai, (C) daun kayu manis, (D) daun cengkeh, dan (E) tanpa perlakuan (kontrol). Tanaman uji adalah bibit pisang Ambon Hijau hasil perbanyakan kultur jaringan umur 2  bulan setelah aklimatisasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian daun tumbuhan penghasil minyak atsiri mampu menekan jumlah propagul awal Foc di dalam media tanam. Persentase penurunan propagul Foc awal dalam media yang berumur 5 minggu setelah pemberian tumbuhan penghasil minyak atsiri berkisar antara 50,1-70,6%. Semua perlakuan, kecuali daun nilam, juga mampu memperlambat munculnya gejala atau masa inkubasi penyakit. Masa inkubasi penyakit paling lama terjadi pada perlakuan pemberian daun cengkeh, diikuti dengan perlakuan pemberian daun kayu manis dan daun serai dengan perpanjangan masa inkubasi masing-masing sampai 22 dan 15 hari dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pemberian daun tumbuhan mengandung minyak atsiri belum berakibat pada penurunan persentase dan intensitas serangan penyakit, sehingga perlakuan pemberian tumbuhan penghasil minyak atsiri perlu dikombinasikan dengan metode pengendalian lain agar lebih efektif dalam menekan penyakit layu Fusarium.<br /><br /><br /><br />Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is the most important disease on banana. Effective and environmental friendly techniques in controlling the disease need to be effort continually, among of them are with application of biopesticide to suppres Foc. The objectives of the research were to know the effect of some plant producing essential oils on initial number of propagule of Foc in soil and disease development of Fusarium wilt of banana. The research was conducted at Indonesian Tropical Fruits Research Institute Solok from February to June 2009. A randomized block design with five treatments and four replications was used, whereas each treatment consisted of five plants. Four types of plant producing essential oils as treatments, namely (A) crude of patchouly leaves, (B) crude of lemon grass, (C) crude of cassia leaves, (D) crude of clove leaves, and (E) water as control treatment were used. Ambon Hijau cultivar derived from tissue culture propagation of 2 months after acclimatization was used as experiemental material. The result showed that application of leaves of plant producing essential oils decreased initial number of Foc propagules in the banana cultivation media. Percentage of reducing the number of initial propagule of Foc in medium after infestation of plant producing essential oils ranged between 50.1-70.6%. All application of plant producing essential oils, except crude of patchouly leaves, was effective to reduce the incidence of wilting or incubation period of the disease.  The longest disease incubation period was determined on treatment with clove leaves, followed by cassia and lemon grass leaf with extending incubation period up to 22 and 15 days respectively compared to control. Application of the plant producing essential oils was not successfully applied in suppressing the percentage of wilt and disease intensity on banana under screenhouse condition. Therefore combination treatments with other techniques in conjunction to improve the effectivity of the plants in controlling Fusarium wilt disease are suggested.

scholarly journals Variedades de Citrus podem afetar a comunidade de fungos do solo?

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kryssia Gislayne Pinheiro Melo ◽  
Angélica Ricarte Da Silva ◽  
Adriana Mayumi Yano- Melo
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Citrus Varieties ◽  
Total Fungi

Microorganisms are essential for maintaining soil quality, among which stand out the fungi. The association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphorous solubilizing fungi (PSF) in its rhizosphere can benefit citrus plants, since these fungi can contribute to an increase in plant development due to the greater availability of water and nutrients. The present study aimed to evaluate if the amount of total fungi, AMF and PSF in the rhizosphere can be affected by the Citrus varieties. Soil samples were collected from the experiment conducted in a randomized block design (RBD) with six Citrus varieties (Page, Pera D9, D12 Pera Pera C21, Pineaple and Ruby). Regarding the evaluated quantitative variables, there was a significant negative simple linear correlation only between the mycorrhizal colonization (MC) and the number of colony forming unit (CFU)/mL of PSF. The number of CFU/mL of soil FPS did not differed statistically between the Citrus varieties rhizosphere, but for total (TF) fungi a significant difference was observed, especially for the ‘Pineaple’, variety that provided higgher mean for the number of CFU/mL, differing from the ‘Page’ variety. All Citrus varieties presented root colonization by AMF and there was a significant difference among the evaluated varieties, however only ‘Rubi’ and ‘Pineaple’ differed from the others. Citrus varieties do not affect PSF quantity nor MC percentual in their rhizosphere but ‘Page’ and ‘Pineaple’ varieties stand out for glomerospores quantity of AMF and TF CFU/mL.

scholarly journals Virulensi Isolat Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense VCG 01213/16 pada Pisang Barangan dari Varietas Pisang dan Lokasi yang Berbeda

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Jumjunidang ◽  
Catur Hermanto ◽  
Riska
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Disease Severity Index ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tissue Culture Propagation

Analisis genetik  isolat-isolat  cendawan Fusarium  oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) VCG 01213/16 penyebab penyakit layu pada tanaman pisang menunjukkan adanya keragaman yang nyata. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari keragaman virulensi isolat-isolat yang terkelompok dalam VCG 01213/16, berasal dari berbagai daerah dan varietas pisang yang berbeda.  Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit dan Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika (Balitbu Tropika) Solok, dari bulan Maret sampai dengan Juni 2009. Rancangan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok dengan 10 perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, masing-masing perlakuan terdiri atas 10 tanaman. Perlakuan terdiri atas 10 isolat Foc VCG 01213/16 yang berasal dari varietas pisang dan lokasi berbeda. Tanaman uji ialah benih pisang Barangan hasil perbanyakan kultur jaringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat keragaman virulensi 10 isolat Foc VCG 01213/16 yang dinilai dari perbedaan masa inkubasi, persentase serangan, dan indeks keparahan penyakit pada bonggol dan daun pisang Barangan. Sembilan isolat Foc yang diuji mempunyai virulensi yang tinggi. Masa inkubasi berkisar antara 13,98 dan 16,80 hari, persentase serangan 93,33-100%, dan indeks keparahan penyakit pada bonggol dan daun masing-masing berkisar 3,46-5,35 dan 4,68-5,41. Isolat Foc VCG 01213/16 yang berasal dari Jabung-Lampung Timur dan diisolasi dari pisang varietas Ambon Kuning (isolat F) menunjukkan virulensi yang relatif lebih rendah dibanding sembilan isolat  Foc lainnya dengan masa inkubasi 30,27 hari, indeks keparahan penyakit pada bonggol dan daun masing-masing sebesar 2,14 dan 3,76.  Hasil penelitian ini bermanfaat dalam memberikan informasi tentang biologi F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense sebagai dasar untuk penyusunan teknik pengendalian yang tepat.<br /><br /><br />Genetic analysis of isolates of the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) that are grouped in VCG 01213/16, as the causal agent of wilt disease in banana plants showed a considerable variation. This research aimed to study the variation in virulence of isolates that are grouped in VCG 01213/16 from different varieties of banana and regions. The study was conducted in the Protection Laboratory and the Screenhouse of Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI) Solok, from March to June 2009. A randomized block design was used in this research with 10 treatments and three replications. Each treatments consisted of 10 banana plants. The treatment was 10 Foc isolates belonging to VCG 01213/16 originating from different varieties of banana and locations. Barangan plantlets produced from tissue culture propagation were used as the planting material. The results showed that there were high variations in virulence among 10 Foc isolates in VCG 01213/16 based on variables of the incubation period, percentage of wilt, and disease severity index on corm and leaves of Barangan variety. Nine of the 10 Foc isolates tested were highly virulent isolates. The incubation period ranged from 13.98 to 16.80 days, the percentage of wilt from 93.33 to 100%, and the disease severity index of corm and leaves ranged from 3.46 to 5.35 and from 4.68 to 5.41, respectively. The Foc VCG 01213/16 isolates originated from Jabung, East Lampung and from Ambon Kuning variety (isolate F) shown relatively low virulence than others isolates that the incubation period was 30.27 days and the disease severity index on the corm and leaves was 2.14 and 3.76, respectively. This result provides useful information on biology of F. oxysprum f. sp. cubense to find out the best control method of the pathogen.<br /><br />

scholarly journals Pengaruh Dosis dan Frekuensi Aplikasi Biofungisida Trichoderma terhadap Infeksi Rigidoporus microporus pada Benih Karet

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Widi Amaria ◽  
Rita Harni ◽  
Edi Wardiana
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Trichoderma Virens ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Application Frequency ◽  
Attack Intensity ◽  
Screen House

<em>Biological agents </em>Trichoderma virens<em> and </em>T. amazonicum<em> have been developed and examined for their effectiveness through in vitro and in vivo approaches against </em>Rigidoporus microporus<em>, the cause of white root disease (WRD) in rubber. The effectiveness of these bio-agents can be determined by testing the dosage and frequency of </em>Trichoderma <em>spp. biofungicide application. The research aimed to investigate the effective dose and application frequency of </em>Trichoderma<em> spp. biofungicide on </em>R. microporus<em> infection in rubber seedling. The experiment was conducted in laboratory and screen house of Indonesian</em><em> Industrial and Beverage Crops Research Institute (IIBCRI), Sukabumi, from June to December 2014. A randomized block design was used with 14 treatments and 3 replications, i.e biofungicide combination (</em>T. virens<em> and </em>T. amazonicum<em>), dosage (25, 50, and 75 g), application frequencies (1 and 2 times application), and two controls (positive and negative). Rubber seedlings used were propellegitiem seeds of GT1 clone planted in polybags. </em>Trichoderma<em> spp. was multiplied using fermentation method in liquid medium, whereas biofungicide was formulated using talc as carrier. Observed variables including </em>Trichoderma<em> spp. population number, incubation period, attack intensity, and WRD attack suppression. The results showed that </em>T. virens<em> and </em>T. amazonicum<em> biofungicides with 50 g/plant dose at one application was the most effective and efficient in suppressing </em>R. microporus<em> development on rubber seedlings. The type, dosage, and frequencies of application increased </em>Trichoderma<em> spp. population in soil, prolonged the pathogen’s incubation period, decreased WRD attack intensity, and suppress the attack of WRD disease.</em>

scholarly journals Uji Kisaran Inang Penyakit Downy Mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) dan Antraknosa (Colletotrichum Sp.) pada Beberapa Tanaman Cucurbitaceae

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erise Anggraini ◽  
A. Muslim ◽  
Azizah Zuriana ◽  
Chandra Irsan ◽  
Bambang Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pseudoperonospora Cubensis ◽  
Range Analysis ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Spot Area ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Downy Mildew Disease

Anggraini et al, 2018. Host-Range Analysis of Downy Mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) and Anthracnose (Colletotrichum Sp.) on some Cucurbitaceae Plants. JLSO 7(2): Inhibiting factors of cucumber cultivation is Downy mildew disease that is caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis and Anthracnose by Colletotrichum sp. The objective of this research was to observe pathogenicity of activity caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis and Colletotrichum sp. isolated from cucumber towards Cucurbitaceae plants. The research was conducted at greenhouse and Phytopathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sriwijaya in September to December 2016. This study used Randomized Block Design (RBD), with four types of plants, 2 treatments and 4 replications. The results showed that the incubation period of the plant inoculation Downy mildew by Pseudoperonospora cubensis range between 4.5-5.0 days. Result of broadest spot area was on melon leaf 2.05 cm2 with the chlorophyll content of 0.4928 mg/g and the lowest result was on cucumber leaf 0.90 cm with the chlorophyll content of 0.7628 mg/g. While the results showed that the incubation period of the applied plant pathogen Colletotrichum sp. ranging from 3.0-4.5 days. Result of broadest spot area was on melon leaf 4.00 cm2 with the chlorophyll content of 0.3932 mg/g and the lowest result was on cucumber leaf 2.42 cm2 with the chlorophyll content of 0.7588 mg/g.

scholarly journals Total Bacteria of Post-Thawing Boer Buck Semen with Addition of Sweet Orange Essential Oil to Tris Yolk Extender

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Sukma Aditya Sitepu ◽  
Zaituni Udin ◽  
. Jaswandi ◽  
. Hendri
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Semen Storage ◽  
Research Procedure ◽  
Semen Extender ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Orange Essential Oil

Aims: To determine the effect of the addition of sweet orange essential oil to the extender (tris yolk extender without the addition of antibiotics/antibacterial) to total bacteria Boer Buck frozen semen. Study Design: Randomized Block Design. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Laboratory Reproduction of Loka Penelitian Kambing Potong Sei Putih Indonesia, between January and March 2019. Methodology: The research procedure starts with the preparation of semen extender, collection of fresh semen, dilution of semen, equilibration, freezing of semen, and thawing. This research obtained conducted using a Randomized Block Design consisting of 5 treatment levels and five replications. Semen storage using 3 Boer buck, which done for three days. As a treatment is the addition of sweet orange essential oil as much as (P0) 0%, (P1) 0,25%, (P2) 0,5%, (P3) 0,75% and (P4) 1% on the tris yolk extender. The observed variables was total bacteria evaluated before freezing and after freezing (Post-Thawing). Results: The results showed that the addition of sweet orange essential oil had a very significant effect (P <0.01). The results of adding sweet orange essential oil to the extender (Post-Thawing) were 78.6 x 102 CFU (P0), 76 x 102 CFU (P1), 73,2 x 102 CFU (P2), 71 x 102 CFU (P3) and 68.6 x 102 CFU (P4). Conclusion: The best values the total bacteria 68.6 x 102 CFU (P4). It can conclude that the best result of adding sweet orange essential oil to tris yolk extender is (P4) 1%.

scholarly journals ‘JAFFA’ SWEET ORANGE PLANTS GRAFTED ONTO FIVE ROOTSTOCKS

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
ELÍDIO LILIANO CARLOS BACAR ◽  
CARMEN SILVIA VIEIRA JANEIRO NEVES ◽  
RUI PEREIRA LEITE JUNIOR ◽  
INÊS FUMIKO UBUKATA YADA ◽  
ZULEIDE HISSANO TAZIMA
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Rangpur Lime ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
The North ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Fruit Processing ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACT Low genetic diversity of citrus scion and rootstock cultivars makes the crop more vulnerable to diseases and pests. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of ‘Jaffa’ sweet orange grafted onto five rootstocks over six harvests in subtropical conditions in the north of Paraná state, Brazil. The experiment used a randomized block design, with six replications and two trees per plot, spaced at 7.0 m x 4.0 m. The rootstocks were: ‘Rangpur’ lime, ‘Cleopatra’ and ‘Sunki’ mandarins, ‘Fepagro C-13’ citrange, and ‘Swingle’ citrumelo. The variables evaluated were vigor, yield, and yield efficiency of the trees as well as the physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, complemented by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. The smallest tree canopy for ‘Jaffa’ sweet orange plants was induced by the ‘Rangpur’ lime rootstock. The trees had the same cumulative yield performance over six seasons for all rootstocks. The best yield efficiency for ‘Jaffa’ sweet orange trees was provided by ‘Fepagro C-13’ citrange rootstock. With regard to fruit quality, no differences were observed among the rootstocks and the ‘Jaffa’ sweet orange fruits met the standards required by the fresh fruit market and the fruit processing industry.

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