scholarly journals KERAGAAN MORFOLOGI DAN HASIL VARIETAS UNGGUL BARU PADI DENGAN PENGELOLAAN TANAMAN TERPADU DILAHAN SAWAH TADAH HUJAN KABUPATEN JEPARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Budi Winarto ◽  
Sodiq Jauhari
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Productivity ◽  
Integrated Crop Management ◽  
Significant Difference

<p><strong>Morphology Performances and Yield of New Superior</strong><strong> Rice Variety with Integrated Crop Management in Rainfedland Jepara District</strong>. One constraint for increasing rice production in rainfedland Jepara District is the availability of adaptive improved rice varieties with high yield. The purpose of this assessment are: (1) to analyze the morphological performance and yield potential of some new superior varieties in rainfedland Jepara District (2) to assess the level of main rice pest and diseases attack and the presence of natural pest’s enemies, and (3) to assess the responses and perceptions of farmers towards integrated crop management applications in rice production. The assessment was conducted in ranfedland Mayong Kidul Village, Mayong Sub-district, Jepara District by involving Lestari Farmer’s Group on the second planting season of 2015. The assessment also employed A Randomized Block Design with three replications and rice variety as treament: Inpari-30, Inpari-31, Inpari-10, Conde, mekongga and varietas Ciherang as the control variety.  The collected data of morphology and rice yield were analyzed using analysis of variance,  then the mean difference values between treatments was further tested using the least significant difference test at p = 0.05. The results showed that there were influences of rice varieties on plant height, number of tillers, pests and diseaces as well as yield and yield component of the five rice varieties. The Mekongga variety is the most suitable rice variety that could be used in rainfedland in order to improve rice productivity in rainfedland of Jepara District. This variety could produce dry rice grain up to 6.8 tons/ha, with 105.5 cm plant height, 14.1 productive tillers, 23.7 cm panicle length 566 and 176 number of filled and empty grains 5 panicles respectively, 4.5 pest and diceases attack level, and is able to increase grain yield up to 30.7% compared to that of control variety. Respondent farmers have a positive perception to the concept of integrated crop management with a value of 68.3%. The implication of these results is that the utilization of new superior rice varieties especially Mekongga have a high potential for improving rice productivity in rainfedland of Jepara District. <em></em></p><p> <strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>New Superior Rice Varieties,</em><em> rainfedland, ICM, Jepara</em></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>Keragaan Morfologi dan Hasil Varietas Unggul Baru Padi dengan Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu di Kabupaten Jepara.  Salah satu kendala peningkatan produktivitas padi di lahan sawah tadah hujan Kabupaten Jepara adalah ketersediaan varietas unggul yang adaptif dengan produktivitas tinggi. Tujuan pengkajian ini adalah (1) mengkaji keragaan morfologi dan potensi hasil beberapa VUB padi di lahan sawah tadah hujan (2) mengkaji tingkat serangan hama dan penyakit utama padi serta keberadaan musuh alami hama, dan (3) mengkaji respon dan persepsi petani terhadap penerapan PTT padi. Pengkajian dilakukan di lahan sawah tadah hujan Desa Mayong Kidul Kecamatan Mayong Kabupaten Jepara, Kelompok Tani Lestari pada musim tanam ke-2 tahun 2015<em>. </em>Pengkajian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan dan sebagai perlakuan adalah varietas padi: Inpari-30, Inpari-31, Inpari-10, Conde dan mekongga serta varietas Ciherang sebagai pembanding. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian (anova), selanjutnya perbedaan nilai tengah antar perlakuan diuji lanjut menggunakan uji beda nyata terkecil (BNT) pada p=0.05. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh nyata varietas padi terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, perkembangan OPT, hasil dan komponen hasil gabah dari kelima varietas tanaman padi yang diuji. Varietas Mekongga merupakan VUB padi yang paling sesuai ditanam di lokasi pengkajian dalam rangka meningkatkan produktivitas padi. Varietas ini menghasilkan gabah kering giling hingga 6.8 ton/ha, tinggi tanaman 105.5 cm, jumlah anakan produktif 14.1, panjang malai  23.7 cm, jumlah gabah bernas 566 butir  per 5 malai, jumlah gabah hampa 176 gabah hampa per 5 malai dan tingkat serangan OPT 4,5%, serta  mampu meningkatkan hasil gabah hingga 30.7% dibanding kontrol. Petani juga memiliki persepsi positif terhadap konsep PTT dengan nilai mencapai 68.3%. Implikasi hasil kajian ini adalah pemanfaatan VUB padi terutama Mekongga memiliki potensi tinggi dalam meningkatkan produktivitas padi di lahan sawah tadah hujan Kabupaten Jepara.</p><p><strong> </strong><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: <em>VUB padi, tadah hujan, PTT, Jepara</em></p><p> </p>

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN PIRAMIDA GEN KETAHANAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT HAWAR DAUN BAKTERI DALAM MENDUKUNG PERAKITAN VARIETAS UNGGUL PADI Application of Gene Pyramiding For Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Blight to Develop New Rice Variety

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Fatimah Fatimah ◽  
Joko Prasetiyono
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Gene Pyramiding ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Marker Assisted Backcrossing

<p>Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) is an important bacterial disease and very destructive to rice plant. BLB decreased rice production from 20%-30% up to 80%. Host-plant resistance is a cost-effective and environmentally safe approach to reduce yield loss. However the development of new rice variety by conventional selection would take several years. The genetic improvement in rice production considered as a vital program in order to ensure national food security. The availability of corresponding molecular marker makes it more precision and efficient by reducing the time required for selection. This present article highlights the molecular approach in breeding for BLB disease resistant rice varieties. In detail, it will be discussed the application of molecular marker assisted backcrossing and pyramiding gene resistance offered breeders to accelerate the rice breeding program for resistance to BLB. The pyramiding of three resistance BLB genes (xa5, Xa7, and Xa21and one gene (Xa4) as a background into two elite indica rice varieties, Ciherang and Inpari 13, was introduced successfully. The combining of conventional breeding, marker assisted backcrossing, disease evaluation, agronomic performance and yield has led the significant resistance of pyramid lines to Xoo Race III, IV and VIII in vegetative and generative phase while their yield potential was maintained (6-7 ton/ha). The current status of Ciherang-HDB and Inpari 13-HDB pyramid lines is the production of nucleoseeds and breeder seeds. This broad spectrum and durable resistance characteristic may help in controlling BLB disease in different region of Indonesia and it will facilitate the rice self-sustainability program.</p><p>Keywords: Rice, gene pyramiding, plant breeding, molecular marker.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Penyakit hawar daun bakteri (HDB) yang disebabkan oleh Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) merupakan penyakit penting pada tanaman padi karena dapat menurunkan produksi padi rata-rata 20-30% bahkan dapat mencapai 80%. Penggunaan varietas tahan merupakan cara pengendalian yang paling efektif, ramah lingkungan, dan mudah dilakukan. Namun pengembangan varietas unggul baru melalui seleksi konvensional memerlukan waktu lebih lama. Perbaikan varietas padi perlu terus dikembangkan dalam mendukung ketahanan pangan dan kemandirian pangan nasional. Tersedianya marka molekuler membantu proses pemuliaan tanaman menjadi lebih presisi dan lebih efisien sehingga mengurangi waktu seleksi pada tanaman progeni. Tulisan ini memfokuskan pendekatan molekuler dalam pemuliaan varietas tahan penyakit HDB melalui piramida gen ketahanan untuk mempercepat progam pemuliaan padi tahan penyakit HDB. Kegiatan menggabungkan tiga gen ketahanan (xa5, Xa7, dan Xa21) dan satu gen (Xa4) sebagai background ke dalam padi varietas Ciherang dan Inpari-13 telah berhasil dilakukan. Melalui penggabungan beberapa pendekatan yaitu pemuliaan konvensional dan silang balik berbantu marka, evaluasi penyakit dan keragaan agronomi serta komponen hasil telah menunjukkan peningkatan ketahanan yang nyata pada galur-galur piramida Ciherang HDB dan Inpari-13 HDB pada tiga ras Xoo (Ras III, IV, dan VIII), baik pada fase vegetatif maupun generatif dengan potensi hasil tidak berbeda nyata dengan tetuanya (6-7 t/ha). Saat ini sudah diproduksi benih inti (NS) dan benih penjenis (BS) galur-galur piramida Ciherang HDB dan Inpari-13 HDB. Dengan demikian, galur-galur piramida memiliki spektrum yang luas dan mampu bertahan dalam jangka waktu lama sehingga dapat mengontrol penyakit HDB di berbagai wilayah Indonesia dan mendukung target pemerintah untuk mempertahankan swasembada beras secara berkelanjutan.</p><p>Kata kunci: Padi, piramida gen, pemuliaan tanaman, marka molekuler.<br /><br /></p><p> </p>

scholarly journals The floating traditional Rice Techno-Demonstration for Community Food Security

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-11
Author(s):  
Pasigan U. Buisan ◽  
Nasrudin A. Buisan
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Community Food Security ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Traditional Rice

Rice ranks as the most important cereal in the Philippines. It is one of the country’s largest agricultural production systems, highest among crop production. The general objective of the study was to determine if traditional rice variety can give optimum yield when planted in the floating area. The materials used were traditional rice varieties. The water hyacinth was converted into a rice floating area. Data gathered was analyzed using the analysis of variance. The LSD Test was employed to compare the significant difference between treatment mean values. Floating rice production is a viable option among small farmers particularly in areas where water availability is not control such as marshy area. Local materials such as water hyacinth as floater are widely available. There is a need however, for a sound cultural management to make it sustainable. The good agronomic characteristics of the rice varieties can be attributed by the types of variety and the management practices. The floating area can be converted a potential area for rice production for a certain community particularly in the marshy area. However, there a need for a sound management practices in the floating area that can farmers may adopt for a sustainable rice floating production area

Implementing the systems approach in rice pest management : India context

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Tanwar ◽  
S Singh ◽  
SP Singh ◽  
Vikas Kumar Kanwar ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Approach ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
National Level ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Integrated Crop Management ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

A basic IPM module for basmati rice as a part of integrated crop management accounting the pest prevalence and the information available from literature has been developed. As the module is location specific and dynamic, therefore needs regular updating and fine tuning depending on the location and pest prevalence. The technology has been successfully validated and implemented during 1998 to 2019 in Pusa Basmati 1, Taraori Basmati, Dehraduni Basmati, Pusa Basmati 1121 in Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand with little modification and fine tuning. Implementation of the technology resulted in increase in rice grain yield i.e., 21.6% in Pusa Basmati 1 at Shikohpur, in Uttar Pradesh 21.5% in Taraori Basmati at Chhajpur in Haryana, 19.5% in Type 3 in Uttarakhand, 14.5 to 22.7% in Pusa Basmati 1121 in Haryana and 38.2% in Pusa Basmati 1121 in Uttar Pradesh over farmer's practices (FP). In all the basmati rice trials, higher yield as well as Benefit - Cost (B-C) ratio was obtained in IPM as compared to FP. Implementation of IPM led to significant reduction in uses of chemical pesticides. In case of IPM, only 1.46 application of chemical pesticides (103.2 g a.i./ha) were undertaken in Pusa Basmati 1121 against 2.8 application in FP (1214.4 g a.i./ha) at Bambawad, Uttar Pradesh. ICAR-NRRI, Cuttack developed and validated IPM module at Sigmapur (Cuttack, Odisha) non-Basmati rice variety Pooja for four kharif seasons i.e 2010-2013 using standard agronomic practices. The trial resulted in an enhancement of 47.1% yield and 26.47 % B-C ratio over FP. Additional income of Rs. 9857/- per ha was also obtained in IPM over FP. On-Farm trial on validation of IPM module in non-Basmati rice (Pooja variety) under semi deep water conditions conducted in 10 ha during rabi 2017 at Nagapur and Basudeipur villages in Khurda district of Odisha resulted in reduction in the incidence of insect pests and diseases with higher population of natural enemies as compared to FP. Rice yield was recorded 5600 kg ha-1 in IPM as against 4900 kg ha-1 in FP. Recently, ICT based e-pest monitoring and advisory has become an important component for area wise implementation of IPM at state and national level. The programme has been successfully implemented in Odisha during 2010 and 2011 under RKVY. Implementation of the programme had resulted successful management of swarming caterpillar in 13 rice growing districts of Odisha during kharif 2010 and 2011.

scholarly journals Comparison of Morphological and Physicochemical Properties of a Floury Rice Variety upon Pre-Harvest Sprouting

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 746
Author(s):  
Chae-Min Han ◽  
Jong-Hee Shin ◽  
Jung-Bae Kwon ◽  
Jong-Soo Kim ◽  
Jong-Gun Won ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Starch Granules ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Starch Structure ◽  
Gelatinization Properties

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) severely reduces rice grain yield, significantly affects grain quality, and leads to substantial economic loss. In this study, we aimed to characterize the physicochemical properties and processing quality of the Garumi 2 flour rice variety under PHS conditions and compare them with those of the Seolgaeng, Hangaru, Shingil, and Ilpum rice varieties and the Keumkang wheat variety. Analysis of the molecular structure of starch revealed uniform starch granules, increased proportions of short-chain amylopectin in DP 6–12 (51.0–55.3%), and enhanced crystallinity (30.7–35.7%) in rice varieties for flour compared with the Ilpum cooking rice variety. PHS significantly altered the starch structure and gelatinization properties of Garumi 2. It also caused surface pitting and roughness in Garumi 2 starch granules and decreased their crystallinity. Collectively, the findings of this study provide important novel insights into the effects of PHS on the physicochemical properties of Garumi 2 floury rice for flour.

scholarly journals The Identification of Rice Varieties Used in Central Sulawesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 03013
Author(s):  
Femmi Norfahmi ◽  
Komalawati Komalawati ◽  
Muh. Afif Juradi ◽  
Mardiana Mardiana ◽  
F.F. Munier
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Rice Productivity ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Central Sulawesi

Central Sulawesi’s rice productivity in 2019 was lower compared to that in 2018. One of the problems for the low productivity of paddy in Central Sulawesi is the application of low quality of seeds. Ministry of Agriculture through Central Sulawesi AIAT has introduced a numbers of new high yielding varieties (HYV) to increase rice production and productivity. To support the dissemination of new HYV, it is important to study the rice varieties that mostly used by farmers in Central Sulawesi. The objectives of this study are to identify the rice varieties and the preferred characteristics of rice varieties that farmers usually used in Central Sulawesi. This study used primary and secondary data. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in tables and graphs. The results show that most farmers in Central Sulawesi use Mekongga, Ciherang, and Cisantana varieties, and local varieties such as Peluncur, Dewi, Ntabone and others. Farmers generally prefer varieties which tend to produce higher yields and resistant to pests and diseases. To maintain the availability of the varieties in Central Sulawesi, it is important to train farmers to become breeders.

scholarly journals Utilization of Molecular Markers for Rice Breeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Tasliah Tasliah
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Phosphate Deficiency ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Early Maturity

Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world's population. Rice production in 2050 must increase by at least 50% to keep up with the population growth. Efforts to increase rice production continue using various strategies. Breeders apply multiple approaches including application of molecular markers in developing varieties better than the previous ones. Since the discovery of the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers in 1980s and the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, many types of molecular markers have been developed and applied to various crops including rice. Various molecular approaches to map genetic loci associated with rice superior traits were conducted. The mapped loci are very useful for rice breeding purposes. This paper reports the results of mapping and breeding economically important traits in rice, mainly those related to abiotic stresses, agronomic traits, yield, and yield quality. These included characters of semidwarf stature, aromatic grain, high yield potential, eating quality, higher Zn and Fe grain, more tolerant to abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought, phosphate deficiency, Al toxicity and Fe toxicity, submergence, as well as early maturity character. The mapped characters can be transferred using marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC) method into cultivated rice genotypes well-adopted by farmers. Several countries including Indonesia have benefited from this breeding method, and Indonesia have released several rice varieties developed through MABC. These include rice varieties such as Code, Angke, Inpari 30, Inpari Blas, Inpari HDB, Bio Patenggang Agritan, and Bioni 63 Ciherang Agritan

scholarly journals Performance of Drought Tolerant Rice Varieties in Malkangiri District of South Eastern Ghat Zone of Odisha

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
A. K. Rai ◽  
S. R. Dash ◽  
N Behera ◽  
T. K Behera ◽  
H Das
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Eastern Ghat ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Drought is the major problem in India and occurrence at the time of critical growth stages, reduce crop yield significantly. The National Rice Research Institute, Cuttak, Odisha has developed so many drought tolerance rice varieties to reduce the economic loss due to drought. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Malkangiri introduced NRRI released two rice varieties i.e. Sahbhagi Dhan and Satyabhama at framers' field to evaluate the performance of these drought tolerant varieties in South Eastern Ghat Zone of Odisha. The highest plant height was observed with the rice variety Satyabhama (104.1 cm). But, overall performance of Sahbhagi Dhan was better as compare to Satyabhama and local check verity (Khandagiri). Sahbhagi Dhan gave highest yield of 36.5 q/ha, which was statistically differed from others. Correlations study for Sahbhagi Dhan was assessed and observed the positive correlation for grain yield with all studied characters except plant height. For economic point of view, Sahbhagi Dhan recorded highest net return of Rs.19, 925/- per ha along with B:C ratio of 1.6 as compared to the rest two varieties.

scholarly journals Morphological Observation and Correlation of Growth and Yield Characteristics with Grain Quality and Antioxidant Activities in Exotic Rice Varieties of Afghanistan

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kifayatullah Kakar ◽  
Tran Dang Xuan ◽  
Saidajan Abdiani ◽  
Imran Khan Wafa ◽  
Zubair Noori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Panicle Number

Rice is an important staple food for Afghans. Its production has been increased, and attention is needed to improve grain quality. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the growth, yield, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and morphological structures of four exotic rice varieties widely grown in Afghanistan (Attai-1, Jalalabad-14, Shishambagh-14, and Zodrass). Antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), of rice grain were determined. A scanning electron microscopic observation was conducted on the cross-cut section of dehulled rice grains. The results showed a wide variation among four rice varieties for growth, grain yield, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities, and morphology. Tiller and panicle number per hill, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and antioxidant activities were found to be highest in Jalalabad-14. Attai-1 showed lower amylose, protein, and lipid contents with a high number of perfect grains, consequently enhanced taste point (score of quality). Grain yield, protein, and amylose contents showed a negative correlation with antioxidant activities. Accumulated structures in Attai-1, Shishambagh-14, and Zodrass were normal; however, Jalalabad-14 increased protein bodies and its traces in the amyloplasts. Information on yield potential, grain quality, and nutritional value of these exotic rice varieties may useful for sustainable food provision and nutritional improvement of rice in Afghanistan.

scholarly journals DETECTION AND TRANSMISSION OF RICE STUNT VIRUS ON CIHERANG AND SITU BAGENDIT VARIETIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Selvi Helina ◽  
Sri Sulandari ◽  
Sedyo Hartono ◽  
Andi Trisyono
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Rice Ragged Stunt Virus

Detection and Transmission of  rice stunt virus on Ciherang and Situ Bagendit Varieties. The explosion of brown planthoppers recently has caused reduction of rice production in Indonesia. Brown planthoppers do not only act as pest, but also transmit Rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV) and Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV). Detection of the existence of the two viruses in rice plants and vector insects is important to be done to ensure that the virus is infected with the vector. The aim of this research is to detect the existence of virus in varieties of Ciherang and Situ Bagendit as a result of transmission in the laboratory and to find out the ability of brown planthoppers to transmit stunt virus to both of the varieties. This research was compiled using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments, namely healthy rice plants of Ciherang and Situ Bagendit varieties, Ciherang and Situ Bagendit varieties which were infested by brown planthoppers each with 5 repetitions. The parameters observed were incubation period, symptoms, plant height, number of leaves and incidence of disease. The data on plant height, number of leaves and incidence of disease were analyzed using ANOVA and continued with the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at the level of 5%. The results showed that Ciherang and Situ Bagendit varieties were only positively infected by Rice ragged stunt virus. The results of the rice transmission showed that Ciherang variety had a faster incubation period of 10 DAI while Situ Bagendit was 14 DAI, but the two varieties showed an inhibition of growth in plant height and number of leaves compared to healthy plants with each incidence of 51.3% and 46.3%.

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