scholarly journals KOSTI Surabaya as a counterculture against the foreign culture in the era of generation 4.0

Simulacra ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Salmatian Safiuddin ◽  
Dewi Atikah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Foreign Culture ◽  
Counter Culture ◽  
Depth Interviews

Indonesian Old Bicycle Community or Komunitas Sepeda Tua Indonesia (KOSTI) of Surabaya is a subculture consisting of old bicycle lovers in Surabaya. This qualitative study aims to clarify and strengthen the idea of Internet as a resource and media for the development of subcultures, to investigate online and offline activities of KOSTI Surabaya, and to promote further research on the diversity of subcultures like KOSTI Surabaya following the development of generation 4.0 trend. The researchers collected data through in-depth interviews and observation to the community members. The result indicates that KOSTI Surabaya promotes and maintains the local and Indonesian culture through offline and online communication. This present study can support the conceptualization of subculture in the digital era. This community helps young generations to put Indonesian important values and norms into practice through their lifestyle, such as to build a good relationship, kinship, brotherhood, to create a good harmony in life. In addition, this community becomes a media to foster and maintain our local culture. KOSTI Surabaya is the resistance against the modern culture which makes this community as counter culture against foreign culture challenges. Not only the use of a means of transportation but also of the nature of individualist that starts to embrace most of Indonesian people in urban areas.

scholarly journals Acceptability and Use of Interactive Voice Response Mobile Phone Surveys for Noncommunicable Disease Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance in Rural Uganda: Qualitative Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Ssemugabo ◽  
Elizeus Rutebemberwa ◽  
Dan Kajungu ◽  
George W Pariyo ◽  
Adnan A Hyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Interactive Voice Response ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Community Members

BACKGROUND There is need for more timely data to inform interventions that address the growing noncommunicable disease (NCD) epidemic. With a global increase in mobile phone ownership, mobile phone surveys can bridge this gap. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the acceptability and use of interactive voice response (IVR) surveys for surveillance of NCD behavioral risk factors in rural Uganda. METHODS This qualitative study employed user group testing (UGT) with community members. The study was conducted at the Iganga-Mayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (IM-HDSS) in Eastern Uganda. We conducted four UGTs which consisted of different categories of HDSS members: females living in urban areas, males living in urban areas, females living in rural areas, and males living in rural areas. Participants were individually sent an IVR survey, then were brought in for a group discussion using a semistructured guide. Data were analyzed thematically using directed content analysis. RESULTS Participants perceived that IVR surveys may be useful in promoting confidentiality, saving costs, and raising awareness on NCD behavioral risk factors. Due to the clarity and delivery of questions in the local language, the IVR survey was perceived as easy to use. Community members suggested scheduling surveys on specific days and sending reminders as ways to improve their use for surveillance. Social issues such as domestic violence and perceptions toward unknown calls, technological factors including poor network connections and inability to use phones, and personal issues such as lack of access to phones and use of multiple networks were identified as barriers to the acceptability and use of mobile phone surveys. However, incentives were reported to motivate people to complete the survey. CONCLUSIONS Community members reflected on contextual and sociological implications of using mobile phones for surveillance of NCD behavioral risk factors. The opportunities and challenges that affect acceptability and use of IVR surveys should be considered in designing and implementing surveillance programs for NCD risk factors.

scholarly journals Local experience of using traditional medicine in northern Rwanda: a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengxin Tan ◽  
Yuko Otake ◽  
Teisi Tamming ◽  
Valerie Akuredusenge ◽  
Beatha Uwinama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Universal Health

Abstract Background The popular use of traditional medicine in low-income settings has previously been attributed to poverty, lack of education, and insufficient accessibility to conventional health service. However, in many countries, including in Rwanda, the use of traditional medicine is still popular despite the good accessibility and availability of conventional health services. This study aims to explore why traditional medicine is popularly used in Rwanda where it has achieved universal health coverage. Methods The qualitative study, which included in-depth interviews and participant observations, investigated the experience of using traditional medicine as well as the perceived needs and reasons for its use in the Musanze district of northern Rwanda. We recruited 21 participants (15 community members and 6 traditional healers) for in-depth interviews. Thematic analysis was conducted to generate common themes and coding schemes. Results Our findings suggest that the characteristics of traditional medicine are responding to community members’ health, social and financial needs which are insufficiently met by the current conventional health services. Participants used traditional medicine particularly to deal with culture-specific illness – uburozi. To treat uburozi appropriately, referrals from hospitals to traditional healers took place spontaneously. Conclusions In Rwanda, conventional health services universally cover diseases that are diagnosed by the standard of conventional medicine. However, this universal health coverage may not sufficiently respond patients’ social and financial needs arising from the health needs. Given this, integrating traditional medicine into national health systems, with adequate regulatory framework for quality control, would be beneficial to meet patients’ needs.

scholarly journals When COVID-19 enters in a community setting: an exploratory qualitative study of community perspectives on COVID-19 affecting mental well-being

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e049851
Author(s):  
Naureen Akber Ali ◽  
Anam Shahil Feroz ◽  
Noshaba Akber ◽  
Rida Feroz ◽  
Salima Nazim Meghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Community Perception ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Anxiety And Fear

ObjectiveThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increased level of anxiety and fear among the general population related to its management and infection spread. Considering the relevance of present circumstances, we explored perceptions and attitudes of community members towards their mental well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.SettingWe conducted an exploratory qualitative study using a purposive sampling approach, at two communities of Karachi, Pakistan.ParticipantsIn-depth interviews were conducted with community members including, young adults, middle-aged adults and older adults of both genders. Study data were analysed manually using the thematic analysis technique.Primary outcomeThe primary outcome is assessing community perception towards their mental well-being amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsA total of 27 in-depth interviews were conducted, between May and June 2020. Three overarching themes were identified: (1) impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of the general communities; (2) current coping mechanisms to adapt to the new reality and (3) recommendations to address the mental health of communities. Generally, community members underwent increased anxiety and fear due to the contagious nature of the virus. Alongside, social, financial and religious repercussions of the pandemic have also heightened psychological distress among community members. However, community members were able to point out some of the coping mechanisms such as getting closer to God, connecting with family, participating in mental health sessions and resetting lives by indulging in diverse activities. Simultaneously, they also recommended the need for remote mental health services for elders and continuous efforts by the government to address the mental health needs of the community.ConclusionCOVID-19-associated mental health consequences have hit every individual in society. The study finding has the potential to guide the development of context-specific innovative mental health programmes to overcome the pandemic repercussions.

scholarly journals Eksistensi Nilai Lokal dalam Inovasi Pemerintah Daerah Studi Kasus : Program Brigade Siaga Bencana (BSB) di Kabupaten Bantaeng

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 011
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nitozi Mansur ◽  
Ahmad Taufik ◽  
St. Nurmaeta
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Government Innovation

This article aims to describe the innovation of Bantaeng Local Government in the Disaster Preparedness Brigade program (BSB) and investigating the existence of local wisdom values on the program. The informants in this research included the Head of Innovation and Development Subdivision of the Regional Development Planning Board, the Head of Culture Division of the Education and Culture Office, Doctors assigned by the Health Office to the program, Traditional leaders and people who have benefited from the program. The data analysis includes data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing. The techniques of data collection used were in-depth interviews, direct observation, literature review and documentation. The results of this research indicate: (1) that integrated services of the BSB innovation program in Bantaeng Regency equalize health services between those who live in urban areas and in remote villages, (2) Decentralization  (3) Cooperation involving three government agencies and foreign parties, (4) Involvement of community members, and (5) Use of information and communication technology. Furthermore, the local values existing on the local government innovation in the BSB program in Bantaeng Regency include (1) Honesty, (2) Obedience, (3) Intellectual Value and (4) Tenacity.Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang inovasi pemerintah daerah dalam program Brigade Siaga Bencana (BSB) serta mengetahui eksistensi nilai lokal pada inovasi pemerintah dalam program BSB tersebut. Informan dalam artikel ini ialah Kasubag Inovasi dan Pengembangan Bappeda, Kabag Kebudayaan Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, dokter yang ditugaskan oleh Dinas Kesehatan pada program BSB, Pemangku adat, serta masyarakat yang pernah merasakan manfaat dari program BSB tersebut. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi langsung, kajian pustaka dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan: (1) Bahwa layanan terintegrasi program inovasi Brigade Siaga Bencana di Kabupaten Bantaeng menyetarakan pelayanan kesehatan antara yang tinggal di perkotaan dan di pelosok Desa, (2) Desentralisasi (3) Pemanfaatan kerjasama yang melibatkan tiga instansi pemerintah serta pihak asing, (4) Pelibatan anggota masyarakat, dan (5) Pemanfaatan Teknologi komunikasi dan informasi. Kemudian, eksistensi nilai-nilai lokal pada inovasi pemerintah daerah dalam program inovasi Brigade Siaga Bencana di Kabupaten Bantaeng terlaksana berdasarkan nilai yang ditemukan, yaitu: (1) Nilai Kejujuran, (2) Nilai Kepatutan, (3) Nilai Cendekia dan (4) Nilai Keteguhan.

scholarly journals “Our culture prohibits some things”: Qualitative inquiry into how sociocultural context influences the scale up of community-based injectable contraceptives in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun Akinyemi ◽  
Bronwyn Harris ◽  
Mary Kawonga
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Injectable Contraceptives ◽  
Depth Interviews

AbstractObjectivesTo explore how sociocultural factors may support or impede the adoption of community-based distribution of injectable contraceptives in Nigeria.DesignA qualitative study based on a grounded theory approach was conducted through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions.SettingMost participants lived in Gombe State, North East Nigeria. Other participants were from Ibadan (South West) and Abuja (Federal capital territory).ParticipantsThrough seven key informant interviews, 15 in-depth interviews and 10 focus group discussions, 102 participants were involved in the study.MethodsThis study, conducted in 2016 was part of a larger study on scale up of community-based distribution of injectable contraceptives. Qualitative data were collected from traditional and religious leaders, health workers and community members. The data were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using a thematic framework method.ResultsSociocultural challenges to scale up included patriarchy and men’s fear of losing control over their spouses, traditional and religious beliefs about fertility, and myths about contraceptives and family planning. As a result of deep-rooted beliefs that children are ‘divine blessings’ and that procreation should not be regulated, participants described a subtle resistance to uptake of injectable contraceptives. Since Gombe is largely a patriarchal society, male involvement emerged as important to the success of meaningful innovation uptake. Community leaders largely described their participation in the scale up process as active, although they also identified scope for further involvement and recognition.ConclusionScale up is more than setting up health sector implementing structures, training health workers and getting innovation supplies, but also requires preparedness which includes paying attention to complex contextual issues. This requires the health system and those who work in it, to move beyond a narrow health ‘comfort zone’ by actively engaging with, and learning from, those who are leading, caring for and living in, the community.Strengths and limitations of this studyThe study participants represented a range of stakeholders - users of injectable contraceptives, community members, providers and health system managers.Our results highlighted that scale up is influenced by several socio-cultural factors; thus, showing the importance of paying attention to complex contextual issues during innovation uptake.The findings of our study emphasized how health systems and communities should interact in order to ensure successful scale up of health innovations.As with any qualitative study, the findings of this study are not statistically generalizable.FundingThis research was supported by the Consortium for Advanced Research Training in Africa (CARTA). CARTA is jointly led by the African Population and Health Research Center and the University of the Witwatersrand and funded by the Carnegie Corporation of New York (Grant No--B 8606.R02), Sida (Grant No:54100113), the DELTAS Africa Initiative (Grant No: 107768/Z/15/Z) and Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD). The DELTAS Africa Initiative is an independent funding scheme of the African Academy of Sciences (AAS)’s Alliance for Accelerating Excellence in Science in Africa (AESA) and supported by the New Partnership for Africa’s Development Planning and Coordinating Agency (NEPAD Agency) with funding from the Wellcome Trust (UK) and the UK government. The statements made and views expressed are solely the responsibility of the authors.Declarations of interestNone.

scholarly journals When COVID-19 Enters in a Community Setting: An Exploratory Qualitative Study of Community Perspectives on COVID-19 Affecting Mental Well-Being

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naureen Akber Ali ◽  
Anam Shahil Feroz ◽  
Noshaba Ali ◽  
Ridah Feroz ◽  
Salima Nazim Meghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Community Members ◽  
The Government ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Anxiety And Fear

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has certainly resulted in an increased level of anxiety and fear among the general population related to its management and infection spread. Due to the current unprecedented situation the normal routine life of every individual has been hindered which may cause florid mental distress. Considering the relevance of present circumstances we explored perceptions and attitudes of community members towards COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on their mental well-being. Methods: We conducted an exploratory qualitative study using a purposive sampling approach, at two communities of Karachi, Pakistan. In-depth interviews were conducted with community members including, young adults, middle-age adults, and older adults of both genders. Study data was analyzed manually using the conventional content analysis technique. Results: A total of 27 in-depth interviews were conducted, between May and June, 2020. Three overarching themes were identified: (I) Impact of COVID-19 on mental health of the general communities; (II) Current coping mechanisms to adapt to the new reality; and (III) Recommendations to address mental health of communities. Generally community members underwent increased anxiety and fear due to the contagious nature of the virus. Alongside, social, financial and religious repercussions of the pandemic have also heightened psychological distress among community members. However, community members were able to point out some of the coping mechanisms such as getting closer to God, connecting with family, participating in mental health sessions and resetting lives by indulging in diverse activities. Simultaneously, they also recommended the need of remote mental health services for elders and continuous efforts by the government to address mental health needs of the community at larger scale.Conclusion: COVID-19-associated mental health consequences have hit every individual in the society. The study finding has the potentialto guide the development of context-specific innovative mental health programs to overcome the pandemic repercussions.

Demystifying engagement: Chinese advertising practitioners’ perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-334
Author(s):  
Huan Chen ◽  
Rang Wang ◽  
Xuan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Media Selection ◽  
Dual Approach ◽  
Content Creation ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Chinese Advertising ◽  
Interactive Experience ◽  
Depth Interviews

A qualitative study was conducted to explore Chinese advertising practitioners’ perceptions and interpretations of engagement in the digital era. Twenty-three in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data. Findings revealed that Chinese advertising practitioners emphasize interactive experience in defining engagement, which acknowledges multiple dimensions of engagement; they believe that the execution of engagement should emphasize content creation, media selection, and proper interaction; they tend to discuss engagement in a very holistic way, while they consider the effort versus effect dual-approach as an appropriate criterion to measure engagement, confusions, and discrepancies exist surrounding the engagement measurement among Chinese advertising practitioners. The current study offers insightful implications for the conceptualization of engagement in different cultural contexts as well as on how to bridge the perceptional gap between academia and industry regarding the execution of engagement.

scholarly journals Acceptability and Use of Interactive Voice Response Mobile Phone Surveys for Noncommunicable Disease Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance in Rural Uganda: Qualitative Study

10.2196/15000 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. e15000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Ssemugabo ◽  
Elizeus Rutebemberwa ◽  
Dan Kajungu ◽  
George W Pariyo ◽  
Adnan A Hyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Interactive Voice Response ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Community Members

Background There is need for more timely data to inform interventions that address the growing noncommunicable disease (NCD) epidemic. With a global increase in mobile phone ownership, mobile phone surveys can bridge this gap. Objective This study aimed to explore the acceptability and use of interactive voice response (IVR) surveys for surveillance of NCD behavioral risk factors in rural Uganda. Methods This qualitative study employed user group testing (UGT) with community members. The study was conducted at the Iganga-Mayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (IM-HDSS) in Eastern Uganda. We conducted four UGTs which consisted of different categories of HDSS members: females living in urban areas, males living in urban areas, females living in rural areas, and males living in rural areas. Participants were individually sent an IVR survey, then were brought in for a group discussion using a semistructured guide. Data were analyzed thematically using directed content analysis. Results Participants perceived that IVR surveys may be useful in promoting confidentiality, saving costs, and raising awareness on NCD behavioral risk factors. Due to the clarity and delivery of questions in the local language, the IVR survey was perceived as easy to use. Community members suggested scheduling surveys on specific days and sending reminders as ways to improve their use for surveillance. Social issues such as domestic violence and perceptions toward unknown calls, technological factors including poor network connections and inability to use phones, and personal issues such as lack of access to phones and use of multiple networks were identified as barriers to the acceptability and use of mobile phone surveys. However, incentives were reported to motivate people to complete the survey. Conclusions Community members reflected on contextual and sociological implications of using mobile phones for surveillance of NCD behavioral risk factors. The opportunities and challenges that affect acceptability and use of IVR surveys should be considered in designing and implementing surveillance programs for NCD risk factors.

scholarly journals Utilization of Virtual Community as a Communication Media For Pokemon Go Game Group (JPR) Using Social Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Yudha Pradhana
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Group Communication ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Communication Media ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Pokémon Go ◽  
Depth Interviews

Basically, humans are social creatures that can’t live without interference from other humans, or it can be said that humans have the instinct to live in groups or communities. Groups or communities are formed because of shared goals and the existence of group communication between members in them. Along with advancement in technology, especially in the digital era at this time, groups or communities are not only intertwined in the real world but also in cyberspace or virtual. Virtual communities use social media to carry out group communication in it. This study aims to determine the use of virtual communities as communication media for Pokemon Go game groups in Jakarta, namely Jakarta Pogo Raiders (JPR) through social media Instagram and WhatsApp. This research uses a qualitative approach, researcher use the literature review and in-depth interviews methods with informants including initiators and members of the JPR community. The results of the study indicate that the group communication media used such as Instagram and WhatsApp groups are very effectives in delivering information between community members. The message construction conveyed through social media is understood and understood by all members of the JPR community. The success of JPR in utilizing social media as a media for group communication is marked by the comfort felt by members to remain and join the JPR community. Consciously and voluntarily they join the JPR community by taking benefits that they have gained while in that community. Another success is marked by the increasing number of community members who have joined JPR to date. Pada dasarnya manusia adalah makhluk sosial yang tidak bisa hidup tanpa adanya campur tangan dari manusia lainnya, atau bisa dikatakan manusia memiliki naluri untuk hidup berkelompok atau berkomunitas. Kelompok atau komunitas terbentuk karena adanya kesamaan tujuan dan adanya komunikasi kelompok antar anggota di dalamnya. Seiring dengan berkembang pesatnya teknologi khususnya di era digital pada saat ini, kelompok atau komunitas tidak hanya terjalin di dunia nyata saja tetapi juga di dunia maya atau virtual. Komunitas virtual menggunakan media sosial untuk melakukan komunikasi kelompok di dalamnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan komunitas virtual sebagai media komunikasi kelompok game Pokemon Go yang berada di Jakarta, yaitu Jakarta Pogo Raiders (JPR) melalui media sosial Instagram dan Whatsapp. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, peneliti menggunakan metode tinjauan pustaka dan wawancara mendalam dengan informan di antaranya penggagas dan anggota komunitas JPR. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media komunikasi kelompok yang digunakan seperti Instagram dan grup Whatsapp sangat efektif dalam penyampaian informasi antar anggota komunitas. Kontruksi pesan yang disampaikan melalui media sosial tersebut dimengerti dan dipahami oleh seluruh anggota komunitas JPR. Keberhasilan JPR dalam memanfaatkan media sosial sebagai media komunikasi kelompok ditandai dengan kenyamanan yang dirasakan anggota untuk tetap berada dan tergabung di dalam komunitas JPR. Secara sadar dan sukarela mereka bergabung dengan komunitas JPR dengan memperhitungkan keuntungan yang telah didapatkan selama berada di dalam komunitas tersebut. Keberhasilan lainnya ditandai dengan semakin banyaknya jumlah anggota komunitas yang bergabung dengan JPR hingga saat ini.

scholarly journals SIMBOLISME PATUNG MACAN KURUNG JEPARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisnu Adisukma
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Research Method ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Foreign Culture ◽  
Counter Culture

The existence of Macan Kurung statue nowadays is very rare. If there is craftsperson or artisan who made it, there was very rare of them who certainly recognize the Macan Kurung statue symbolism. In this research, this statue is considered as artifact that contain of expression of self-representation which is constructed by instinctive culture. This expression was represented by object i.e. art of Macan Kurung statue and the meaning of statue appareance. The searching for meaning was the existence from artist concept, Asmo Sawiran and Singowiryo. This research was conducted to obtain tension qualified information. Therefore, this research used qualitative research method. The result showed the message of anti-colonialism value from this statue. Macan Kurung statue was also as counter culture appearance. This culture was wished for assemble Javanese culture legality as adiluhung and dynamic although foreign culture considered as modern culture entered in Javanese people.Keywords : Jepara, Macan Kurung, Symbolism

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