scholarly journals Dampak Penggunaan Briket Batubara dibandingkan dengan Bahan Bakar Lain terhadap Keluhan Pernafasan Kronik Pekerja di UKM

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Johan Mardansyah
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Small Industries

Pemerintah Indonesia berencana meningkatkan penggunaan batubara sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Untuk itu, diperlukan studi mengenai dampak kesehatan akibat pengguna briket batubara. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pajanan di udara tempat kerja dengan keluhan pernafasan kronik pekerja pengguna kompor briket batubara di UKM. Penelitian dengan disain Kohort Retrospektifl ini dilakukan terhadap data primer hasil wawancara dan pemeriksaan fisik pekerja serta hasil pengukuran pajanan di udara tempat kerja. Pajanan yang diukur meliputi debu total, NO2, SO2, Benzen, Cd dan Mn. Sampel terdiri dari 61 responden pada kelompok yang terpajan briket batubata dan 61 responden pada kelompok pembanding yang terpajan bahan bakar lain. Penelitian ini menggunakan metoda analisis Independent Sampel t test untuk variabel berskala numerik dan Chi Square untuk variabel berskala kategorik. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna baik pajanan di udara tempat kerja maupun proporsi pekerja yang menderita keluhan pernafasan kronik antara kelompok Studi dan kelompok Kontrol. Hampir semua parameter tidak melampaui NAB kecuali benzen di kelompok tidak terpajan briket. Penelitian ini belum dapat menyiimpulkan bahwa pengunaan briket batubara tidak berdampak negatif terhadap sistem pernafasan pekerja. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk semua jenis briket batubara yang ada.Kata kunci: Briket batubara, dampak kesehatan, keluhan pernafasan kronikAbstractThe Indonesian government has determined a policy of using coal briquettes as alternative fuel. With the increasing usage, government need information about health effects associated with the use of coal briquettes. The objective of this study is to know health effects (measured by respiratory symptoms of worker’s) associated with the use of coal briquettes fuel in small industries. The study design is cross-sectional using primary data collected through questionnaire, physical examination and level of exposure measurement in the workplace. The exposure measured include all dust, NO2, SO2, Benzen, Cd and Mn. The sample consists of 61 respondents from exposed group and 61 respondents from control group. The exposed group consisted of workers using coal briquettes and control are worker’s who did not use coal briquettes. Result of the study showed that there was no significant difference of exposure between exposed group with control group and proportion of respiratory symptoms was also show no significant difference. All exposure were below threshold limit values (TLVs) in the study. The study show no association between respiratory symptoms and the use of coal briquettes fuel in small industries. It is suggested to conduct further studies using cohort and include all types of coal briquettes.Keywords : Coal briquettes, health effects, respiratory symptoms

scholarly journals Industrial pollution related health problems among residents of a rural area in central Kerala

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchithra Erath Thadathil ◽  
Jaya Koothupalakkal Viswambharan ◽  
Alok Kanjhoor Premdas ◽  
Ashwin Raj
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Air pollution leads to several health effects, the major systems affected were respiratory, dermatology, neurology and ophthalmology. This study is an attempt to find out various health effects of pollution, from a food factory to the nearby residents.Methods: A cross sectional comparative study was performed on 248 residents nearby a food factory, situated in rural area of Thrissur district and a comparative group of 266 participants taken 5km away from this factory.Results: Both the groups were comparable in socio-demographic profile except religion and occupation. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the use of firewood in both the groups. The symptoms of major systems involved were respiratory (odds ratio 3.9, 95% CI 2.2 to 6.8), dermatological (odds ratio 18.3, 95% CI 8.3 to 40.7), neurological (odds ratio 13.5, 95% CI 4.1 to 44.7) and ophthalmological (odds ratio 5.9, 95% CI 2.6 to 13.6). The major symptoms complained by them were pruritus (32.7%), skin lesions (17.7%), breathlessness (16.9%), itching eye (13.3%) watering from eye (11.7%) and headache (11.3%). All these symptoms among the case group compared to control group were very high and these associations were highly statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusions: This study showed an increased occurrence of adverse health effects among the individuals who were residing near the food factory. Therefore this study points out the possibility of environmental pollution (mainly air pollution) as a main factor for the increased prevalence of symptoms among those who reside nearby the factory.

scholarly journals Lung Function and Respiratory Health of Populations Living Close to Quarry Sites in Palestine: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6068
Author(s):  
Maysaa Nemer ◽  
Rita Giacaman ◽  
Abdullatif Husseini
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nasal Allergy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
At Home

Environmental exposure to dust from quarrying activities could pose health dangers to the population living nearby. This study aimed to investigate the health effects of dust exposure on people living close to quarry sites and compared them with those who live far from the quarry sites. A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 79 exposed participants, who lived less than 500 m away from the quarry sites, and 79 control participants who lived more than 500 m away. All participants answered a questionnaire on dust exposure at home and health effects, as well as performed a lung function test in which both reported and measured health effects were investigated. People who live in close proximity to the quarry sites reported exposure to dust at home (98%), land destruction (85%), plant leaves covered with dust (97%), and an inability to grow crops (92%). The exposed group reported significantly higher eye and nasal allergy (22% vs. 3%), eye soreness (18% vs. 1%), and dryness (17% vs. 3%), chest tightness (9% vs. 1%), and chronic cough (11% vs. 0%) compared to the control group. Lung function parameters were significantly lower among the exposed group compared to the control group; mean forced vital capacity (FVC) was 3.35 L vs. 3.71 L (p = 0.001), mean forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) was 2.78 L vs. 3.17 L (p = 0.001). Higher levels of airway restriction were found among the exposed group. Among the exposed group, lung function parameters worsened with the increasing closeness of home to the quarry site. This study demonstrates the negative health effects of environmental dust exposure among two communities living near quarry sites in Palestine. The results highlight the importance of developing and strictly enforcing rules and regulations in Palestine to protect population health.

Pulmonary Function Study in Female Grinders Exposed to Agate Dust

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subodh K. Rastogi ◽  
Brahma N. Gupta ◽  
Neeraj Mathur ◽  
Tanveer Husain ◽  
Prakash N. Mahendra
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Radiologic Findings ◽  
Important Observation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exposed Workers

This paper reports a cross-sectional study of a non-smoking population of silica exposed female workers compared with a group of healthy non-exposed females. The exposed group is divided into cohorts according to the presence or absence of pneumoconiosis in either simple or complex form. The study revealed statistically significant difference in pulmonary function between each of the pneumoconiosis group and the controls and healthy exposed workers. Furthermore, there was statistically significant difference between the values of pulmonary function parameters of the healthy exposed group and the controls. The most important observation of the study is that almost equal decrement of pulmonary function values was observed in the diseased groups and in the healthy exposed group compared to the decrement seen between the latter group and the control group. VC and FVC showed a mean fall of 11.0 and 11.5% in the healthy exposed group as compared to those observed in the unexposed controls (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05) while in the pneumoconiosis group VC and FVC showed 16.9 and 18.2% decrease as compared with the values obtained in the healthy grinders (p < 0.01). Similarly FEV1 showed almost same decrease in the healthy (17.9%) and diseased (20.7%) exposed groups (p < 0.001). However, FEV0.75 and MVV parameters showed greater decrement (25.4 and 33.7%) in the pneumoconiosis group as compared to 15.7 and 18.5% observed in the healthy exposed workers. The important observation made in this study is that potential pulmonary debilitation may occur in pneumoconiosis before, or in the absence of, any radiologic findings.

scholarly journals Study of spirometric indices and respiratory symptoms among carpentry, paint and office workers in wood factory in Tehran province in 2019

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Wood Dust ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Population

Background: Carpentry is one of the most important industries in Iran, where many people are employed. The aim of this study was to investigate spirometric indices and respiratory symptoms among carpentry, paint and office workers in wood factory in 2019. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional case-control study. Population included of 100 people (70 exposed and 30 non-exposed). Demographic information of individuals was assessed by clinical questionnaire and pulmonary function tests including 1FEV, FVC, FEV1 / FVC in workers. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA and Chi-Square Test. Results: The average of respirable wood dust for factory workers were 4.49 2 2.01 in terms of mg / m3, which was shown in comparison with the standard (1TLV :). Also, all respiratory symptoms including cough, sputum, shortness of breath, and wheezing were higher in the exposed group than in the non-exposed group. (P≤0/05) The highest and lowest percentages of people in the carpentry profession, in terms of testing spirometric indices with spirometry pattern were mildly restrictive (Mild) and severe, respectively. Conclusion: Exposure to wood dust as a factor determines the prevalence of symptoms of respiratory disorders and decreased lung capacity. Wood dust can reduce lung volumes and cause respiratory problems in wood industry workers.

scholarly journals Association of SNP rs700519 in CYP19A1 Gene with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Among Females of Quetta, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozeena Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reproductive Disorder ◽  
Pcos Group

ABSTRACT Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is endocrine reproductive disorder which causes oligomenorrhea/ amenorrhea, infertility, type II diabetes. The present study aims in CYP19A1 polymorphism rs700519 (C/T) identification that elevates androgen among PCOS females in Quetta, Pakistan. Cross-sectional study involved enrollment of 100 control and 100 affected females. Blood samples were collected for genetic and hormonal analysis. The samples were amplified via ARMS PCR and analyzed by sequencing. The frequency of CC genotype in control and PCOS group was 48 percent and 33 percent. For CT, it was 52 percent and 67 percent. In control group, the allele frequency for C and T was 0.74 and 0.26. In PCOS group, it was 0.67 and 0.33 for C and T, respectively. The Pearson Chi-Square p=0.031 (p<0.05) at 95% Confidence Interval inferred a significant difference between the observed genotypes. The study inferred that CT genotype is a risk factor for PCOS progression in the population of Quetta.

scholarly journals The Method and Results of a Treatment Targeting SARS-CoV-2-Activated Inflammasomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badar Kanwar ◽  
Asif Khattak ◽  
Chul Joong Lee ◽  
Jenny Balentine ◽  
R. E. Kast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Pyrin Domain ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Clinicians in critical care medicine considered dapsone administration to treat SARS-CoV-2 inflammasome. Dapsone is useful in the molecular regulation of Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3). Objective To study the targeting of NLRP3 itself or up-/downstream factors of the NLRP3 inflammasome by dapsone must be responsible for its observed preventive effects, functioning as a competitor. Methods This is case series with or without intervention; a cross-sectional study. We set out to use objective criteria of improvement, such as A. a reduction in the FIO2 requirement and B. a decrease in the progression of hypoxia. We treated the patients with standard COVID-19 ARDS treatment with dapsone 100 mg to target NLRP3 inflammasomes. Results The 22 cases were treated with standard COVID-19 therapy with dapsone (trial group), and the 22 cases were the control group. The comparison was made assuming that only decreased FIO2 was influential in the trial and control groups, which applied to only the ARDS onset stage. The chi-square statistic is 5.1836. The p-value is .02280. Fisher’s exact test statistic value is 0.0433. (The result is significant at p < .05) Furthermore, the ARDS-onset mortality rates were 0% (with dapsone) and 40% (without dapsone). Conclusion There was a significant difference in dapsone treatment results in the ARDS-onset group. We confirmed that dapsone clinically treated the onset of ARDS by targeting SARS-CoV-2-activated inflammasomes. Like chemically reacting substances, inflammasome and dapsone are competing, proving that it is only effective in treating early ARDS.

scholarly journals Association of SNP rs700519 in CYP19A1 Gene with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Among Females of Quetta, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rozeena Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reproductive Disorder ◽  
Pcos Group

ABSTRACT Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is endocrine reproductive disorder which causes oligomenorrhea/ amenorrhea, infertility, type II diabetes. The present study aims in CYP19A1 polymorphism rs700519 (C/T) identification that elevates androgen among PCOS females in Quetta, Pakistan. Cross-sectional study involved enrollment of 100 control and 100 affected females. Blood samples were collected for genetic and hormonal analysis. The samples were amplified via ARMS PCR and analyzed by sequencing. The frequency of CC genotype in control and PCOS group was 48 percent and 33 percent. For CT, it was 52 percent and 67 percent. In control group, the allele frequency for C and T was 0.74 and 0.26. In PCOS group, it was 0.67 and 0.33 for C and T, respectively. The Pearson Chi-Square p=0.031 (p<0.05) at 95% Confidence Interval inferred a significant difference between the observed genotypes. The study inferred that CT genotype is a risk factor for PCOS progression in the population of Quetta.

scholarly journals The positive impact of physical activity on the reduction of anxiety scores: a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton Gonçalves Lima Alves ◽  
Sílvia Gabrielli Rocha ◽  
Evandro Vitor Andrade ◽  
Augusto Zbonik Mendes ◽  
Ângelo Geraldo José Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parametric Data ◽  
Activity Frequency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES: To compare anxiety scores between physical activity practitioners and sedentary, men and women and to relate them to physical activity frequency and age. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 256 regular aerobic physical activity practitioners was compared to a sample of 256 sedentary individuals (control group). Anxiety scores were quantified by Anxiety Inventory Spielberger State-Trait (STAI). The scores of the groups were compared using the Student t-test and chi-square test for parametric and non-parametric data, respectively. The correlation between scores of different variables was performed using the Pearson test. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the average anxiety scores (p <0.001) and the chi-square test proved there is a higher prevalence of severe anxiety (p <0.001) in the sedentary group. Age did not correlate with worse anxiety scores (p <0.05). Comparing by gender, women had a higher prevalence of intense anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals who engage in regular physical activity have lower levels of anxiety, and both sexes are benefited with the anxiolytic potential of physical activity. Therefore, this study proved that the Roman poet Juvenal was right, and his expression “Mens sana in corpore sano,” could also be interpreted in the opposite direction, i.e., a healthy body correlates with a healthy mind.

scholarly journals Pancytopenia – (?) An obstacle in the diagnosis and outcome of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 068-071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Raja ◽  
Febe Renjitha Suman ◽  
Julius Xavier Scott ◽  
M. S. Latha ◽  
Aruna Rajenderan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Context: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) ranks first among pediatric malignancies. 8-12% of ALL present with pancytopenia and 2% with hypocellular marrow a. Diagnosis of ALL in the background of pancytopenia and aplastic bone marrow is difficult. Aims: This study was aimed to compare the clinicopathologic, genetic, and outcome of paediatric ALL patients with and without pancytopenia. Settings and Design: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Susbjects and Methods: The study included all ALL patients presenting with pancytopenia. The control group included equal number of randomly selected patients with ALL without pancytopenia treated during the same period. Ethics committee approved this study. The demographic, laboratory, and treatment-related details were retrieved from the records and entered in an Excel sheet. Statistical Analysis Used: Data was analyzed with Chi-square test with IBM SPSS statistics 16 software. Results: Diagnosis by peripheral smear is significantly lower (P = 0.015) in comparison with the control group. There is no significant difference in diagnosis between the groups by bone marrow aspirate (P = 0.731) and biopsy (P = 0.849). The diagnosis of leukemia is misdiagnosed as hypo cellular/aplastic marrow in 10% of the pancytopenic patients. Flow cytometry yielded the diagnosis in all the pancytopenic patients. Though cytogenetic abnormalities are more common in pancytopenic group, it is not statistically significant (P = 0.106). There is no significant difference in treatment outcome between the groups (P = 0.0827%). Conclusions: Clinical expertise is highly essential to evaluate a case of pancytopenia to diagnose leukemia. Pancytopenia is an obstacle in the diagnosis of ALL without immunophenotyping. There is no significant difference in the outcome between the two groups.

Personal Audio System: Hearing Symptoms, Habits, and Sound Pressure Levels Measured in Real Ear and a Manikin

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016-2026
Author(s):  
Tamara R. Almeida ◽  
Clayton H. Rocha ◽  
Camila M. Rabelo ◽  
Raquel F. Gomes ◽  
Ivone F. Neves-Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Real ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Audio System

Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435

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