Industrial pollution related health problems among residents of a rural area in central Kerala

Background: Air pollution leads to several health effects, the major systems affected were respiratory, dermatology, neurology and ophthalmology. This study is an attempt to find out various health effects of pollution, from a food factory to the nearby residents.Methods: A cross sectional comparative study was performed on 248 residents nearby a food factory, situated in rural area of Thrissur district and a comparative group of 266 participants taken 5km away from this factory.Results: Both the groups were comparable in socio-demographic profile except religion and occupation. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the use of firewood in both the groups. The symptoms of major systems involved were respiratory (odds ratio 3.9, 95% CI 2.2 to 6.8), dermatological (odds ratio 18.3, 95% CI 8.3 to 40.7), neurological (odds ratio 13.5, 95% CI 4.1 to 44.7) and ophthalmological (odds ratio 5.9, 95% CI 2.6 to 13.6). The major symptoms complained by them were pruritus (32.7%), skin lesions (17.7%), breathlessness (16.9%), itching eye (13.3%) watering from eye (11.7%) and headache (11.3%). All these symptoms among the case group compared to control group were very high and these associations were highly statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusions: This study showed an increased occurrence of adverse health effects among the individuals who were residing near the food factory. Therefore this study points out the possibility of environmental pollution (mainly air pollution) as a main factor for the increased prevalence of symptoms among those who reside nearby the factory.

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Development of cleft children’s permanent canines

RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia ◽

10.1590/1981-86372019000253520 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 ◽

Author(s):

Manoel Itaguacy Leite NOVAIS JUNIOR ◽

Manuella Santos Carneiro ALMEIDA ◽

Camila Helena Machado da COSTA ◽

Tassia Cristina de Almeida Pinto SARMENTO ◽

Luis Ferreira de SOUSA FILHO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Tooth Development ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Age Difference ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Panoramic Radiographs ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluating the development of the permanent cuspids in children from Paraíba with cleft lip and palate applying the Nolla and the Demirjian methods. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an inductive approach and applying a comparative statistical procedure and direct documentation research technique. The universe of the study consisted of children assisted at the orthodontic practice of the Brazilian Association of Dentistry - Paraíba Section. The sample comprised 72 pairs of panoramic radiographs of children with and without cleft lip and palate from the same gender and, age difference of up to 30 days, ranging from 5 to 13 years of age. The study has evaluated the development of 576 cuspids. The images were evaluated by three duly calibrated examiners concomitantly, and the calcification stages were determined by a consensus. The stages of the cuspids calcification were evaluated in the panoramic radiographs according to Nolla and Demirjian classifications. Results: The average of the calcification stage of teeth was correspondingly higher in the control group than in the case group, showing a development delay of the cuspid teeth in the cleft lip and palate patients. The lower cuspids were significantly more developed than the upper cuspids (p <0.001). There were no significant differences between the sides. There was early tooth development in females but without significant difference. Conclusion: It was possible to note that patients with cleft lip and palate presented a delay in the development of the permanent cuspids when compared to non-cleft lip and palate patients, thus, reinforcing the importance of the individualization of the orthodontic planning.

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Three-dimensional volumetric evaluation of the different mandibular segments using CBCT in patients affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a cross-sectional study

Progress in Orthodontics ◽

10.1186/s40510-021-00380-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Davide Cavagnetto ◽

Andrea Abate ◽

Alberto Caprioglio ◽

Paolo Cressoni ◽

Cinzia Maspero

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Pairwise Comparison ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Unaffected Side ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Affected Side ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background There is currently no information on how different mandibular segments are affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The aim of this paper is to assess volumetric differences of different mandibular segments in subjects with unilateral and bilateral JIA and to compare them with non-JIA control volumes. Materials and methods Forty subjects with unilateral TMJ involvement and 48 with bilateral TMJ involvement were selected for the case group and 45 subjects with no known rheumatic comorbidities for the control group. The mandible of each subject was divided according to a validated method into different paired volumes (hemimandible, condyle, ramus and hemibody). Results The ANOVA test revealed a statistically significant difference in all the groups for condylar and ramus volumes, and the pairwise comparison evidenced a statistically significant higher condylar and ramus volume in the control group (1444.47 mm3; 5715.44 mm3) than in the affected side in the unilateral JIA group (929.46 mm3; 4776.31 mm3) and the bilateral JIA group (1068.54 mm3; 5715.44 mm3). Moreover, there was also a higher condylar volume in the unaffected side in the unilateral JIA group (1419.39 mm3; 5566.24 mm3) than in the bilateral JIA group and the affected side in the unilateral JIA group. Conclusions The affected side of unilateral JIA patients showed statistically significant lower volumes in the hemimandible, in the condyle and in the ramus. The largest total mandibular volume was observed in the control group, followed by the unilateral JIA group and, lastly, by the bilateral JIA group.

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Evaluation of Oxidative Stress in Patients with Fracture Admitted to Khatam Al-Anbia Hospital in Zahedan

Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research ◽

10.5812/amh.108052 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Mansour Karajibani ◽

Farzaneh Montazerifar ◽

Faezeh Kazemi ◽

Ali Reza Dashipour

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽

The Mean

Background: Caused by an imbalance in the body’s oxidant and antioxidant status, oxidative stress can give rise to tissue damage and exacerbation of many diseases. Objectives: This study investigated the oxidative stress markers in patients with fractures and healthy subjects. Methods: In a cross-sectional case-control study, 40 patients with fractures admitted to an orthopedic ward and 40 healthy, non-fractured patients were selected using convenience sampling. Serum was analyzed for oxidant and antioxidant activities based on standard methods. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was a significant difference in mean TAC between the case (748.2 ± 302.83 μmol/L) and control (984.90 ± 207.02 μmol/L) groups (P = 0.003). The mean MDA was 16.61 ± 4.16 µmol/L in the case group and 18.45 ± 5.43 µmol/L in the control group (P = 0.09). The mean SOD was 63.41 ± 16.67 U/g Hb in the case group and 58.54 ± 21.83 U/g Hb in the control group (P = 0.2). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of BMI and other variables. Conclusions: A significant difference existed in TAC between the two groups, which indicated increased oxidative stress in patients. However, oxidative stress could occur before and after undergoing fractures. The results suggested a slight, but not significant, difference between the two groups in the SOD and MDA scores. More conclusive results are required to determine the enzymatic and non-enzymatic markers of oxidative stress in larger sample sizes and during different stages of treatment.

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Comparison on cognitive performance among schoolchildren born prematurely according to the presence of intracranial hemorrhage in the neonatal period

Revista Brasileira de Saúde Materno Infantil ◽

10.1590/1806-93042019000300002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 513-520

Author(s):

Marcia Salim de Martino ◽

Leandro Lopes Fernandes Alves ◽

Cristina Ortiz Sobrinho ◽

Adauto Dutra Moraes Barbosa

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Performance ◽

Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽

Neonatal Period ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Neonatal Diagnosis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of

Abstract Objectives: to compare the cognitive performance of schoolchildren born prematurely according to the presence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) during the neonatal period. Methods: a cross-sectional cohort study of schoolchildren between the ages of 6-8 years old, born prematurely with or without a history of neonatal ICH. Between January and December 2015, some children were followed up at the outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital and underwent a cognitive evaluation by using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Third Edition (WISC-III) and they were divided into two groups: those with no history of ICH (control group) and those with ICH (case group), confirmed by a transfontanelar ultrasound in the prenatal period. Results: 39 schoolchildren were included, 21 cases and 18 controls. There was no difference in gestational age or chronological age at evaluation between the groups. Also there was no significant difference in subtest scores between the groups. Conclusions: WISC-III evaluated the cognitive performance in children, born preterm, aged 6-8 years old, and had neonatal ICH did not differ from those of their peers without a history of ICH. These findings suggest that, in preterm infants, a neonatal diagnosis of ICH may not be associated with cognitive performance at school age and this should be investigated through a longitudinal study.

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Dampak Penggunaan Briket Batubara dibandingkan dengan Bahan Bakar Lain terhadap Keluhan Pernafasan Kronik Pekerja di UKM

Kesmas National Public Health Journal ◽

10.21109/kesmas.v2i4.261 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 173

Author(s):

Johan Mardansyah

Keyword(s):

Health Effects ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

Exposed Group ◽

Primary Data ◽

Control Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Limit Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Small Industries

Pemerintah Indonesia berencana meningkatkan penggunaan batubara sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Untuk itu, diperlukan studi mengenai dampak kesehatan akibat pengguna briket batubara. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pajanan di udara tempat kerja dengan keluhan pernafasan kronik pekerja pengguna kompor briket batubara di UKM. Penelitian dengan disain Kohort Retrospektifl ini dilakukan terhadap data primer hasil wawancara dan pemeriksaan fisik pekerja serta hasil pengukuran pajanan di udara tempat kerja. Pajanan yang diukur meliputi debu total, NO2, SO2, Benzen, Cd dan Mn. Sampel terdiri dari 61 responden pada kelompok yang terpajan briket batubata dan 61 responden pada kelompok pembanding yang terpajan bahan bakar lain. Penelitian ini menggunakan metoda analisis Independent Sampel t test untuk variabel berskala numerik dan Chi Square untuk variabel berskala kategorik. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna baik pajanan di udara tempat kerja maupun proporsi pekerja yang menderita keluhan pernafasan kronik antara kelompok Studi dan kelompok Kontrol. Hampir semua parameter tidak melampaui NAB kecuali benzen di kelompok tidak terpajan briket. Penelitian ini belum dapat menyiimpulkan bahwa pengunaan briket batubara tidak berdampak negatif terhadap sistem pernafasan pekerja. Untuk itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk semua jenis briket batubara yang ada.Kata kunci: Briket batubara, dampak kesehatan, keluhan pernafasan kronikAbstractThe Indonesian government has determined a policy of using coal briquettes as alternative fuel. With the increasing usage, government need information about health effects associated with the use of coal briquettes. The objective of this study is to know health effects (measured by respiratory symptoms of worker’s) associated with the use of coal briquettes fuel in small industries. The study design is cross-sectional using primary data collected through questionnaire, physical examination and level of exposure measurement in the workplace. The exposure measured include all dust, NO2, SO2, Benzen, Cd and Mn. The sample consists of 61 respondents from exposed group and 61 respondents from control group. The exposed group consisted of workers using coal briquettes and control are worker’s who did not use coal briquettes. Result of the study showed that there was no significant difference of exposure between exposed group with control group and proportion of respiratory symptoms was also show no significant difference. All exposure were below threshold limit values (TLVs) in the study. The study show no association between respiratory symptoms and the use of coal briquettes fuel in small industries. It is suggested to conduct further studies using cohort and include all types of coal briquettes.Keywords : Coal briquettes, health effects, respiratory symptoms

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COMPARISON IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY EXPRESSION OF DESIDUAL NATURAL KILLER (dNK) IN SEVERE PREECLAMPSIAAND NORMAL PREGNANCY

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2020v12i3.38306 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 58-60

Author(s):

MUARA P. LUBIS

Keyword(s):

Normal Pregnancy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maternal Immune System ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Immuno Histochemistry ◽

And Control

Objective: Preeclampsia characterized systematically by extensive vascular endothelial dysfunction and microangiopathy on mother, dNK is very important for the success of placentation. They are the key mediator of maternal immune system interactions with fetal cells. dNK cells are also involved in the modulation of EVT and the remodeling of spiral arteries. Methods: Analytic research with cross-sectional study, with samples of pregnant women who suffer from severe PE and aterm pregnancy which came to H. Adam Malik Hospital and Networking Hospital, November 2015-April 2016. The samples are 46 women, who met the inclusion criteria. Results: Immunohistochemistry examination dNK cell in the severe PE case group and control group, statistically found p<0,05. dNK placenta expression in the severe preeclampsia case group gives an overview of expression with a mean of 2.55±2.31, while the control group of normal pregnancy had higher mean is 8.66±3.16. Conclusion: The examination of immunohistochemistry of dNK cells showed there is a significant difference in the expression of Immuno-histochemistry dNK cells between severe PE case group and non severe PE.

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UV-Visible Spectrophotometric as a Prospective Tool in Neonatal Sepsis

The Indonesian Biomedical Journal ◽

10.18585/inabj.v10i1.360 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 74 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eko Suhartono ◽

Ari Yunanto ◽

Edi Hartoyo ◽

Nia Kania ◽

Adelia Anggraini Utama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Absorbance Ratio ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Uv Visible

BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to employ the UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry techniques to detect the changes in the blood of neonatal sepsis (NS) subject for a deeper understanding in the pathomechanism of NS.METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2017 in the Neonatology Division, Department of Pediatric, Ulin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Blood specimens were taken from newborns, of which 15 each of newborns at risk of sepsis and without risk of sepsis. Data were analyzed by using Mann-Whitney U test.RESULTS: The result of this study suggested that there is a significant difference in the average of absorbance ratio parameter using UV-Vis spectrophotometric methods on the case group compared to the control group. Also, there is a significant difference between advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) and thiocyanate (SCN) level in newborn at risk of sepsis.CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated there were significant differences between the average of absorbance ratio parameter for protein and oxy-hemoglobin region using UV-Vis spectrophotometric methods in healthy subjects and newborn at risk of sepsis.KEYWORDS: spectrophotometric, neonatal sepsis, oxidative stress

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Effect of Air Pollution on Salivary Interleukin-8 Levels in Children

World Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1390 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 175-178

Author(s):

Solmaz Pourzare Mehrbani ◽

Zohreh Babaloo ◽

Zahra Jamali ◽

Tahmoores Abdollahian ◽

Hosein Eslami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Interleukin 8 ◽

Assay Method ◽

Pollution Level ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Background Air pollution in cities has always been a permanent and serious threat for the health of society and the environment, influencing the health of different body organs and systems both acutely and chronically. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of air pollution in saliva Interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in children. Materials and methods A total of 88, 8- to 10-year-old children were included in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Group I, the case group, included 44 children from Tabriz (Iranian Azerbaijan), and group II, the control group, included 44 children from Kalibar Town (of Tabriz). Both groups in this study had a similar economic status. Following sampling and selection of individuals, for measuring the levels of saliva IL-8, ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method was used. To investigate the difference between the means of the groups, independent t test or its nonparametric equivalent, i.e., Man—Whitney test and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 21 were used. In this study, p-value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The results of this study indicate a significant difference in the levels of saliva IL-8 between the two groups, where the mean level of saliva IL-8 is greater in children residing in the region with higher air pollution level than in the children dwelling in the region with a greater air pollution level (p = 0.001). Conclusion The results obtained from this study indicated that the level of saliva IL-8 increases in regions with air pollution, potentially causing several mouth problems in children. How to cite this article Mehrbani SP, Babaloo Z, Jamali Z, Abdollahian T, Eslami H, Sobhani N. Effect of Air Pollution on Salivary Interleukin-8 Levels in Children. World J Dent 2016;7(4):175-178.

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Evaluating QT dispersion in children with syncope attacks

Nepalese Heart Journal ◽

10.3126/njh.v15i2.21471 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 15-20

Author(s):

Amir Hossein Movahedian ◽

Ali Mohammad Shakiba ◽

Mojtaba Sehat ◽

Maryam Sadat Razavi ◽

Marzieh Heydarzadeh Arani

Keyword(s):

Qt Dispersion ◽

Brain Dysfunction ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Case Group ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

And Control

Background and Aims: Syncope is due to brain dysfunction and is a common compliant among children. It accounts for almost 3% of all emergency departments (ED) visits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the QT dispersion in children with syncope in Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan in 2014.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study performed among 50 children with syncope attacks (case group) referred to the Clinic of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan during 2014 and 50 healthy children (control group) referred to the center for causes such as a cold or developmental examination. ECG was taken and QT, QTd (QT dispersion), QTc (Corrected QT interval) and QTcd (QTmin-QTmax =QT dispersion) intervals were studied. After proper explanation to the parents, data was obtained from the case and control group and was analyzed using Chisquare, Mann-Whitney, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Levene›s, Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests.Results: Total, there were 100 children in the study, the participants were divided into two groups of case (n=50) and control (n=50). Among the studied children, a total of 46 of them (46%) were boys. The mean age range of children in the case and control groups were 7.73± 2.33 and 8.09± 2.31 years, respectively (P-value 0.440). The mean QTmax, QTcmax, QTd and QTcd in the case group were 348.80 ± 46.93, 464.94±48.71, 47.80±19.72, 68.36±24.59 ms (millisecond) respectively and 305.28 ±35.52, 395.70 ±50.05, 29.68±13.45, and 45.16±24.46 ms respectively in the control group. There was a significant difference in terms of each of the 4 parameters (P <0.001), and the value of indices in the control group was significantly less than that of the patient group.Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the QTd and QTcd values in the children with syncope attacks were higher than those in the control group. Therefore, precise ECG examination in children suspected of syncope attacks can be helpful in confirming the incidence of syncope. Additionally, the recurrence of attacks can also be predicted in children with higher QTd and QTcd values.

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The prevalence and assessment of chronic kidney disease with diabetes: single center study

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20194235 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 1642

Author(s):

B. B. Gupta ◽

S. A. Vaidya ◽

Mahak Bhandari ◽

Simran Behl ◽

Susmit Kosta

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Background: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is increasing worldwide, information on Indian populations regarding the CKD patients with T2D is lacking. In this study, we examined the association of gender and age on the prevalence of other complications in CKD with T2D patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sri Aurobindo Medical College, from March 2018 to April 2019. Source populations were all patients who came our medicine department for routine check-up.Results: A total of 163 CKD patients were included in the study. All the patients were randomly divided in two groups 61(37.4%) patients in CKD with T2D case group and 102 (62.5%) patients in CKD control group. Out of this 107 were males (65.6%) and 56 were females (34.3%). Male-to-female ratio and mean age were higher in the CKD with T2D group. The clinicopathological characteristics of CKD patients with T2D are even more complicated and severe disease in many ways.Conclusions: A male presents was higher as compare to female in CKD with T2D and control group. In present study there is significant difference in older and younger age in CKD with T2D and control group. Age, HNT, CVD, smoking, BMI, and 24-h urinary protein level were identified as possible contributors’ factors of CKD patients with T2D.

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