scholarly journals Impact of Drilling Fluid Contamination on Performance of Rock-Based Geopolymers

SPE Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
E. Eid ◽  
H. Tranggono ◽  
M. Khalifeh ◽  
S. Salehi ◽  
A. Saasen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Early Time ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Time Strength ◽  
The Impact

Summary Our objective is to present selected rheological and mechanical properties of rock-based geopolymers contaminated with different concentrations of drilling fluids. The possible flash setting and the maximum intake of drilling fluids before seeing a dramatic deterioration of the geopolymers are presented. Rock-based geopolymers designed for cementing conductor and surface casing were prepared and cured for up to 28 days at 22°C and atmospheric pressure. Water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs) and oil-based drilling fluids (OBDFs) were designed in accordance with the recommendations from the petroleum industry. The fluid samples were prepared, and their viscous behavior was characterized before and after hot-rolling. The geopolymeric slurries were mixed and then blended with the prepared drilling fluid volumes. The contaminated geopolymeric slurries were cured and tested at different time intervals. American Petroleum Institute (API) Class G neat cement was used as a reference. These samples were cured and contaminated with the same drilling fluids. The properties of contaminated geopolymer slurries were benchmarked with those of the contaminated Class G cement. The obtained mechanical properties showed that the rock-based geopolymers are more sensitive to WBDFs than to OBDFs. However, for contaminated Portland cement samples, the obtained results were opposite, and the contamination effect of OBDF on cement was more noticeable than WBDF. The impact of geopolymer contamination is a function of curing time. Although geopolymeric samples showed dramatic strength retrogression at the early time, strength buildup of the samples compensated for the impact of contamination.

scholarly journals Effects of equal channel angular pressing and heat treatments on the microstructures and mechanical properties of selective laser melted and cast AlSi10Mg alloys

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Snopiński ◽  
Mariusz Król ◽  
Marek Pagáč ◽  
Jana Petrů ◽  
Jiří Hajnyš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Pressing ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Electron Backscattered Diffraction ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Low Temperature Annealing ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study investigated the impact of the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) combined with heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AlSi10Mg alloys fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM) and gravity casting. Special attention was directed towards determining the effect of post-fabrication heat treatments on the microstructural evolution of AlSi10Mg alloy fabricated using two different routes. Three initial alloy conditions were considered prior to ECAP deformation: (1) as-cast in solution treated (T4) condition, (2) SLM in T4 condition, (3) SLM subjected to low-temperature annealing. Light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction line broadening analysis, and electron backscattered diffraction analysis were used to characterize the microstructures before and after ECAP. The results indicated that SLM followed by low-temperature annealing led to superior mechanical properties, relative to the two other conditions. Microscopic analyses revealed that the partial-cellular structure contributed to strong work hardening. This behavior enhanced the material’s strength because of the enhanced accumulation of geometrically necessary dislocations during ECAP deformation.

scholarly journals Transient cell stiffening triggered by magnetic nanoparticle exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose E. Perez ◽  
Florian Fage ◽  
David Pereira ◽  
Ali Abou-Hassan ◽  
Sophie Asnacios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticle ◽  
Early Time ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stiffening Effect

Abstract Background The interactions between nanoparticles and the biological environment have long been studied, with toxicological assays being the most common experimental route. In parallel, recent growing evidence has brought into light the important role that cell mechanics play in numerous cell biological processes. However, despite the prevalence of nanotechnology applications in biology, and in particular the increased use of magnetic nanoparticles for cell therapy and imaging, the impact of nanoparticles on the cells’ mechanical properties remains poorly understood. Results Here, we used a parallel plate rheometer to measure the impact of magnetic nanoparticles on the viscoelastic modulus G*(f) of individual cells. We show how the active uptake of nanoparticles translates into cell stiffening in a short time scale (< 30 min), at the single cell level. The cell stiffening effect is however less marked at the cell population level, when the cells are pre-labeled under a longer incubation time (2 h) with nanoparticles. 24 h later, the stiffening effect is no more present. Imaging of the nanoparticle uptake reveals almost immediate (within minutes) nanoparticle aggregation at the cell membrane, triggering early endocytosis, whereas nanoparticles are almost all confined in late or lysosomal endosomes after 2 h of uptake. Remarkably, this correlates well with the imaging of the actin cytoskeleton, with actin bundling being highly prevalent at early time points into the exposure to the nanoparticles, an effect that renormalizes after longer periods. Conclusions Overall, this work evidences that magnetic nanoparticle internalization, coupled to cytoskeleton remodeling, contributes to a change in the cell mechanical properties within minutes of their initial contact, leading to an increase in cell rigidity. This effect appears to be transient, reduced after hours and disappearing 24 h after the internalization has taken place.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of the Rheological Behavior of an Oil-Based Drilling Fluid with Rheology Modifier and Oil Wetter Additives

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 4877
Author(s):  
Mobeen Murtaza ◽  
Sulaiman A. Alarifi ◽  
Muhammad Shahzad Kamal ◽  
Sagheer A. Onaizi ◽  
Mohammed Al-Ajmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Hot Rolling ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Rheology Modifier

Drilling issues such as shale hydration, high-temperature tolerance, torque and drag are often resolved by applying an appropriate drilling fluid formulation. Oil-based drilling fluid (OBDF) formulations are usually composed of emulsifiers, lime, brine, viscosifier, fluid loss controller and weighting agent. These additives sometimes outperform in extended exposure to high pressure high temperature (HPHT) conditions encountered in deep wells, resulting in weighting material segregation, high fluid loss, poor rheology and poor emulsion stability. In this study, two additives, oil wetter and rheology modifier were incorporated into the OBDF and their performance was investigated by conducting rheology, fluid loss, zeta potential and emulsion stability tests before and after hot rolling at 16 h and 32 h. Extending the hot rolling period beyond what is commonly used in this type of experiment is necessary to ensure the fluid’s stability. It was found that HPHT hot rolling affected the properties of drilling fluids by decreasing the rheology parameters and emulsion stability with the increase in the hot rolling time to 32 h. Also, the fluid loss additive’s performance degraded as rolling temperature and time increased. Adding oil wetter and rheology modifier additives resulted in a slight loss of rheological profile after 32 h and maintained flat rheology profile. The emulsion stability was slightly decreased and stayed close to the recommended value (400 V). The fluid loss was controlled by optimizing the concentration of fluid loss additive and oil wetter. The presence of oil wetter improved the carrying capacity of drilling fluids and prevented the barite sag problem. The zeta potential test confirmed that the oil wetter converted the surface of barite from water to oil and improved its dispersion in the oil.

scholarly journals Influence of Mo Additions on the Mechanical Properties of Cast Duplex Stainless Steels before and after Thermal Aging

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Shilei Li ◽  
Yanli Wang ◽  
Xitao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Thermal Aging ◽  
Decomposition Kinetics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mo Content ◽  
Impact Energies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hardness Values ◽  
Mo Additions

The influence of Mo additions on the mechanical properties of cast duplex stainless steel (CDSS) before and after thermal aging was investigated using a series of model alloys with different Mo contents ranging from 0 to 1.75 wt%. By increasing Mo content, the content, morphology, and distribution of ferrite in CDSS change significantly. After thermal aging at 400 °C for 3000 h, the impact properties of all CDSS specimens obviously decline, and their hardness values in ferrite significantly increase. The impact energies of the aged CDSS decline, and the proportion of cleavage features significantly increases with Mo content increasing. The spinodal decomposition kinetics in ferrite is not significantly affected by the Mo contents. High content and interconnected ferrite will lead to the severe embrittlement in CDSS after thermal aging.

Well Control Simulation With Nonaqueous Drilling Fluids

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Chagas ◽  
Paulo R. Ribeiro ◽  
Otto L. A. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Well Control ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Drilling Operations

Abstract The demand for energy has increased recently worldwide, requiring new oilfield discoveries to supply this need. Following this demand increase, challenges grow in all areas of the petroleum industry especially those related to drilling operations. Due to hard operational conditions found when drilling complex scenarios such as high-pressure/high-temperature (HPHT) zones, deep and ultradeep water, and other challenges, the use nonaqueous drilling fluids became a must. The reason for that is because this kind of drilling fluid is capable to tolerate these extreme drilling conditions found in those scenarios. However, it can experience changes in its properties as a result of pressure and temperature variations, requiring special attention during some drilling operations, such as the well control. The well control is a critical issue since it involves safety, social, economic, and environmental aspects. Well control simulators are a valuable tool to support well control operations and preserve the well integrity, verifying operational parameters and to assist drilling engineers in the decision-making process during well control operations and kick situations. They are also important computational tools for rig personnel training. This study presents well control research and development contributions, as well as the results of a computational well control simulator that applies the Driller's method and allows the understanding the thermodynamic behavior of synthetic drilling fluids, such as n-paraffin and ester base fluids. The simulator employed mathematical correlations for the drilling fluids pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) properties obtained from the experimental data. The simulator results were compared to a test well data set as well to the published results from other kick simulators.

scholarly journals Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on the Properties of Water-Based Drilling Fluids

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6718
Author(s):  
Muhammad Awais Ashfaq Alvi ◽  
Mesfin Belayneh ◽  
Sulalit Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Mona Wetrhus Minde
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Filtrate Loss ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, several studies have indicated the impact of nanoparticles (NPs) on various properties (such as viscosity and fluid loss) of conventional drilling fluids. Our previous study with commercial iron oxide NPs indicated the potential of using NPs to improve the properties of a laboratory bentonite-based drilling fluid without barite. In the present work, iron oxide NPs have been synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The effect of these hydrophilic NPs has been evaluated in bentonite and KCl-based drilling fluids. Rheological properties at different temperatures, viscoelastic properties, lubricity, and filtrate loss were measured to study the effect of NPs on the base fluid. Also, elemental analysis of the filtrate and microscale analysis of the filter cake was performed. Results for bentonite-based fluid showed that 0.019 wt% (0.1 g) of NPs reduced the coefficient of friction by 47%, and 0.0095 wt% (0.05 g) of NPs reduced the fluid loss by 20%. Moreover, for KCl-based fluids, 0.019 wt% (0.1 g) of additive reduced the coefficient of friction by 45%, while higher concentration of 0.038 wt% (0.2 g) of NPs shows 14% reduction in the filtrate loss. Microscale analysis shows that presence of NPs in the cake structure produces a more compact and less porous structure. This study indicates that very small concentration of NPs can provide better performance for the drilling fluids. Additionally, results from this work indicate the ability of NPs to fine-tune the properties of drilling fluids.

scholarly journals The degradation of mechanical properties in halloysite nanoclay–polyester nanocomposites exposed to diluted methanol

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 1653-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Shahneel Saharudin ◽  
Rasheed Atif ◽  
Islam Shyha ◽  
Fawad Inam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Degradation Of Mechanical Properties ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Methanol Exposure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Methanol System ◽  
Methanol Absorption

The degradation of mechanical properties in halloysite nanoclay–polyester nanocomposites was studied after an exposure of 24 h in diluted methanol system by clamping test specimens across steel templates. The glass transition temperature ( Tg) and storage modulus increased steadily with the increase of halloysite nanoclays before and after diluted methanol exposure. The addition of nano-fillers was found to reduce liquid uptake by 0.6% in case of 1 wt% reinforcement compared to monolithic polyester. The mechanical properties of polyester-based nanocomposites were found to decrease as a result of diluted methanol absorption. After diluted methanol exposure, the maximum microhardness, tensile, flexural and impact toughness values were observed at 1 wt% of halloysite nanoclay. The microhardness increased from 203 to 294 HV (45% increase). The Young’s modulus increased from 0.49 to 0.83 GPa (70% increase) and the tensile strength increased from 23 to 27 MPa (17.4% increase). The impact toughness increased from 0.19 to 0.54 kJ/m2 in diluted methanol system (184% increase). Surprisingly, the fracture toughness of all types of nanocomposites was found to increase after exposing to diluted methanol due to plasticization effect. Scanning electron microscope images of the fractured surfaces of tensile specimens revealed that the methanol increased the ductility of the matrix and reduced the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites.

scholarly journals A new eco-friendly and low cost additive in water based drilling fluids

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Emine Yalman ◽  
Tolga Depci ◽  
Gabriella Federer-Kovacs ◽  
Hani Al Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flow Behaviour ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Flow Behaviour Index ◽  
Water Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Behaviour Index

This study investigates the possibility of using rice husk ash as an additive to develop an environmentally friendly and low-cost drilling fluid system. The rice husk ash was added as an additive to water-based bentonite drilling fluids at different concentrations ranging from 2 wt% to 15 wt%. Rheological and filtration properties of each drilling fluid developed were measured by using a viscometer and standard low-pressure low-temperature filter press. Subsequently, cutting carrying index, minimum annulus velocity required to clean bottom of the well efficiently, flow behaviour index and permeability of mud cakes of the formulated systems were calculated in order to assess performance of the systems. The results demonstrated that the rheological and properties were improved depending on concentration of rice husk ash introduced. With the introduction of 15 wt% concentration of rice husk ash, while apparent viscosity and yield point increased by 60% and 183%, respectively, thixotropy and plastic viscosity decreased by 29% and 63%, respectively. On the other hand, drilling fluid with 4% wt% content of rice husk ash reduced the fluid loss by 10%. Moreover, results showed that cutting carrying index, minimum annulus velocity required to clean bottom of the well efficiently and flow behaviour index of the enhanced with the exploitation of rice husk ash in the drilling fluid. This study showed that rice husk ash as a promising additive to use in the water-based bentonite drilling fluids when properly implemented, and hence reducing the impact on the environment, and the total cost for drilling.

Well Cleanup Utilizing Smart Well Completion and Zero Flaring Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alkhalifah ◽  
Rabih Younes
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Control Valves ◽  
Well Completion ◽  
Downhole Monitoring

Abstract In an oil field, openhole multilateral maximum reservoir contact (MRC) wells are drilled. These wells are typically equipped with smart well completion technologies consisting of inflow control valves and permanent downhole monitoring systems. Conventional flowback techniques consisted of flowing back the well to atmosphere while burning the hydrocarbon and drilling fluids brought to surface. In an age of economic, environmental and safety consciousness, all practices in the petroleum industry are being examined closely. As such, the conventional method of flowing back wells is frowned upon from all aspects. This gives rise to the challenge of flowing back wells in an economic manner without compromising safety and the environment; all the while ensuring excellent well deliverability. By utilizing subsurface smart well completion inflow control valves, individual laterals are flowed to a separator system whereby solid drill cuttings are captured and discharged using a solids management system. Hydrocarbons are separated using a separation vessel and measured before being sent to the production line toward the field separation facility. Permanent downhole monitoring systems are used to monitor pressure drawdown and subsequently control the rate of flow to surface to ensure reservoir integrity. Following the completion of the solids and drilling fluid flowback from the wellbore, comprehensive multi-rate measurements at different choke settings are obtained to quantify the well performance. This paper looks at the economic and environmental improvements of the adopted zero flaring cleanup technology and smart well completions flowback techniques in comparison to conventional flowback methods. This ensures that oil is being recovered during well flowback and lateral contribution to overall flow in multilateral wells. In addition, it highlights the lessons learned and key best practices implemented during the cleanup operation to complete the job in a safe and efficient manner. This technique tends to set a roadmap for a better well flowback that fulfills economic constrains and protects the environment.

In situ investigation of the impact of cyclic thermal variations impact on the mechanical properties of sandy soil.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Rosin-Paumier ◽  
Hossein Eslami ◽  
Farimah Masrouri
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
In Situ Investigation ◽  
Energy Piles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cyclic Variations ◽  
Loading Tests ◽  
Adjacent Soil ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;The incorporation of heat exchangers into geostructures leads to changes in the temperature of the adjacent soil, which may affect its hydro-mechanical properties. In this study, mini-pressiometer tests were carried out in the vicinity of three experimental energy piles of 12 meters length and 0.52-meter diameter installed in saturated sandy soil. Tests were carried out in three locations and in two different depths (namely 3 and 4 meters in depth) before and after cyclic variations of their temperature. The pressuremeter parameters are the pressuremeter modulus EM, the limit pressure PL and the creep-pressure Pf. These parameters characterize the properties of the soils; some measurements were done close to the energy piles (1.25 meters from the center of the pile) using a mini-pressuremeter cell (380 mm in height and 28 mm in diameter). The comparison of the results before and after the four warming-cooling cycles (8&amp;#176; to 19&amp;#176; C) showed a thin thickening of the material at 3 meters depth. These results are coherent with in-lab measurements and with the results of the pile loading tests carried out later on the same site.&lt;/p&gt;

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