Pillar Fracturing Production Enhancement Results for Mature, Clay Sensitive Reservoir in Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Javier Izurieta ◽  
Juan Carlos Guaman ◽  
Andrea Morillo ◽  
Guillermo Pabon ◽  
Magaly Abril
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Fracture Initiation ◽  
Candidate Selection ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Pillar Stability ◽  
Fracture Geometry ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Planning Stage

Abstract This paper discusses pillar fracturing technique application along with customized fluids formulation in a mature oilfield (low reservoir pressure and high permeability) where complex mineralogy limited the use of traditional stimulation practices. Integrated reservoir analysis, laboratory tests (fracturing gel, chemical consolidation resin) and hydraulic fracture modeling performed to obtain a major productivity increase (up to 16x increase) by a combination of tip screen out (TSO) and pillar fracturing techniques. The combination of clay sensitivity, low pressure and high permeability requires a careful planning stage for pillar fracturing (PF) application. The first step is to evaluate PF feasibility by a candidate selection factor using geomechanical parameters such as closure stress, net pressure, etc. The next step is to customize the fracturing gel to sustain high shear stress during TSO and guarantee a complete gel break. Pillar stability is supported by confined stress developed by the surface modification agents mixed on the fly with proppant. This stage requires laboratory tests based on resin hardener ratio at reservoir temperature and time. Clays such as kaolinite, chlorite, etc., limits the applicability of traditional acid stimulation blends on this reservoir. Completion brine as well as fracturing gel requires the addition of a quaternary amine to temporally avoid fines migration during workover operations before and after fracturing. Without this customization, conventional or even pillar fracturing will perform below expectations. Not all reservoirs are candidates for pillar fracturing, candidate selection is a critical step in the planning process. Two types of candidates are documented on this paper, new fracturing as well as re-fracturing jobs. For both cases a numerical gridded fracture simulator is used to understand fracture geometry, diagnose and match previous treatments. Pillar fracturing is designed and executed using pulsed or cycled proppant fracture stimulation, providing infinite acting conductivity for enhanced hydrocarbon production. It significantly reduces screen out tendency leading to higher proppant concentration, as well as total proppant mass reduction when compared to conventional TSO fracture design. The use of surface modification agents (SMA) improves pillar stability and reduces proppant flow back risk if adequate compressive strength is developed during curing time after fracturing operations. Production results show up to 16 times increase, exceeding expected production by conventional fracturing. A complete workflow to characterize, design and simulate a pillar fracturing job using proprietary geomechanical candidate selection criteria is presented. The combination of TSO and pillar fracturing yields a significant production increase over conventional fracturing and acid stimulation. The use of gridded 3D simulator significantly improves the understanding of previous fracturing jobs helping to propose improvements on fracture initiation depth, polymeric load and pumping schedule for re-fracturing candidates.

IMPLEMENTASI MANAJEMEN KURIKULUM MADRASAH MUROTTILIL QUR’AN AL-RIFA’IE 2 MALANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Akhmad Ulul Albab
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Curriculum Planning ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Learning Program ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Academic Calendar

This thesis aims to examine the management process applied in the Madrasah Murottilil Qur'an Al-Rifa'ie 2 Malang. Beginning with the curriculum planning process, implementing the curriculum, and how to evaluate the curriculum of the Madrasah Murottilil Qur'an Al-Rifa'ie 2 Malang. This research aims to find out and describe the managerial process of the curriculum, and the inhibiting factors in the implementation of efforts to achieve the vision, mission that has been set.This thesis is a report on the results of field research using a qualitative descriptive method with a case study research approach that takes place at the Al-Rifa'ie 2 Malang Boarding School.Data collection is done by interview, observation, and documentation. Data analysis is done by reducing data, then presenting data, and finally from the compiled data conclusions are drawn. Checking the validity of the data is done with credibility which includes Triangulation, peer checking, extension of observation time, increasing perseverance.The results of the analysis show that the curriculum management implemented by p Madrasah Murottilil Qur'an Al-Rifa'ie 2 At the planning stage, the process carried out was planning the implementation time, the learning program, making the academic calendar, and how the evaluation was held. At the implementation stage, it starts with a new santri test, conducts learning and conducts an ascension test. The evaluation process is carried out at least 2x in one month, and 1 and after one semester.

scholarly journals BUDGETING IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya. Samusevych ◽  
A. Temchenko
Keyword(s):  
Financial Planning ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Rational Organization ◽  
Internal And External Factors

The key to successful and cost-effective activities of enterprises is the rational organization of the planning process, which concerns financial indicators and involves writing budgets. The article summarizes the theoretical and practical aspects of the organization and implementation of budgeting in industrial enterprises. The study of approaches of different scholars to the interpretation of the essence of the concept of budgeting allowed defining it as a complex economic process of the management cycle. It is developed at the discretion of the enterprise by determining the amount and composition of the costs of individual units of the entity and ensuring coverage of these costs by the resources of the enterprise to achieve the ultimate goal of the entity – to obtain maximum profit at minimum cost, taking into account both internal and external factors. The role of budgeting for industrial enterprises, its main purpose, the list of entities involved in budgeting, as well as the fundamental criteria for budgeting were clarified. Based on the generalization of a number of the most important criteria for the company, the possible types of budgets as well as their advantages and specifics of use depending on the objectives of the entity were generalized and described. The analysis of the basic stages of budgeting which are carried out in the course of activity of the is enterprise carried out, terms of writing and representation of budgets on an example of the monthly, quarterly and annual financial period are considered. It is determined that the budgeting system is a tool of internal financial planning and control, which significantly increases the efficiency of financial management of the enterprise, preventing the irrational use of financial resources both at the planning stage and at the stage of control over their use. Given the lack of established norms and rules for budgeting in the enterprise, optimizing the organization of the budgeting process and the effectiveness of financial planning are the tasks of the internal system of corporate governance.

Planning Tools

2012 ◽  
pp. 236-260
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Planning Tools

In this chapter, various categories of planning tools are discussed and explained. These tools are proposed to be applied at the different stages of the project. They are applicable to the strategic planning stage and for the monitoring and evaluation stages. As the planning process is dynamic in nature, it is highly recommended to apply different tools at different phases of the project.

PLANNING THE LOGISTICS ISSUES TO ENHANCE OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANNING AND RESPONSE1

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-289
Author(s):  
Sioned Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
Considerable Advantage ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
Key Features

ABSTRACT Generic, broad-brushed Oil Spill Contingency Plans (OSCP) have given way to more operationally-focused and systematic, site-specific plans. These newer plans offer considerable advantage as planning and response tools to initiate and support the deployment of equipment on-site. However, significant logistical features are still often overlooked in the planning process, which both exercises and real incidents have demonstrated. These omissions can seriously impede rapid and effective responses. This paper reviews the logistical issues of various recent incidents and demonstrates the key features that should be considered at the contingency planning stage. Options for drop-in elements in an oil spill contingency plan, or a separate logistics plan, are also presented.

Effective Flow Properties for Cells Containing Fractures of Arbitrary Geometry

SPE Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 0965-0980 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.. Sakhaee-Pour ◽  
Mary F. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Effective Porosity ◽  
Single Fracture ◽  
Fracture Geometry ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Flow Models ◽  
Matrix Permeability

Summary Hydrocarbon production from unconventional resources such as shale usually entails stimulation by hydraulic fracturing, which results in nonplanar (curved) fractures. However, most reservoir models assume that the induced fractures are planar for the sake of simplicity. Considering the growing interest of the petroleum industry in better understanding production from these resources, we develop a fracture-cell model to capture the effects of fracture nonplanarity on transport properties. To build a realistic reservoir model for a fractured formation, we must account for three types of interactions: matrix-matrix (M-M), matrix-fracture (M-F), and fracture-fracture (F-F). The transport properties of the M-M interaction are based on laboratory measurements. In this study, we analytically determine the transport properties of the two other types of interactions (M-F and F-F). For this purpose, we account for the aperture size and spatial location of the fracture. As a result, we provide effective porosity and effective anisotropic permeabilities for a reservoir cell that contains a fracture inside it. The reservoir cell with transport properties that are modified is a fracture cell. We implement the fracture-cell model in a reservoir simulator and perform analyses for a single fracture and for multiple intersecting fractures; these fractures are nonplanar. The analyses include both single- and multiphase flow models and show that the hydrocarbon pressure inside the reservoir is strongly dependent on the fracture geometry when the matrix permeability is smaller than 1 µd. Thus, it is crucial to model the fracture geometry more accurately in unconventional reservoirs with ultralow permeabilities such as shale. One can easily implement the developed fracture-cell model in reservoir simulators, and there is no local refinement around the fracture. The main advantage of the proposed model is its simplicity, conjoined with its ability to capture the nonplanarity of the fracture. The developed model has major applications for understanding production from formations that are heavily fractured.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF GENETIC ALGORITHMS AT THE PLANNING STAGE OF INTERNATIONAL INTERMODAL TRANSPORTATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Denis Lomotko ◽  
Denis Kovalov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stable Growth ◽  
Mode Of Transport

The necessity to transport goods has always been a crucial component of everysociety. It is difficult to imagine a modern country without an advanced transport network andtechnology, which is why the latest computer systems have been developed over the past decades tomeet the needs of carriers. The study of this logistics segment shows that the complexity of thetechnological process of international intermodal transportation causes a range of problems to allparties involved in transportation. An advanced transport network provides a large number ofpossible options for the transportation of goods or commodities. That is why the computerization ofthe planning process is the next step in the evolution of transport logistics. This article describes theusage of software based on genetic algorithms to settle and improve the use of commercialIncoterms 2020. Taking into account all the limitations of existing software, it is proposed to use aheuristic approach to find the optimum transportation option and automate the planning process.Ukraine has always assigned a priority role to the railway mode of transport. This is why therailway industry has always been an integral part of the multimodal transportation process.Analysis of imports and exports shows stable growth over the past ten year period. Additionally,Ukraine enjoys a very advantageous geographical location, in that four important transportcorridors cross the territory of our country. Studies indicate that innovations in this area willpositively contribute to the credibility of Ukrainian carriers. Further, the article describes thetypical problems that arise during the usage of the basic Incoterms terms of delivery, including thecomplexity of customs procedures and clearance of goods, as well as unforeseen monetary costsarising from the difference in the laws of the countries participating in the transportation process.The author proposes the automation of the transportation planning process as a key to solving thesedisadvantages. The proposed innovation does not require significant investment and can createpositive economic value by substantially reducing the cost of transportation.

Critical Diagenetic Features Controlling Intergranular Flow Paths and Matrix Permeability in the Codell Sandstone, Northeastern Colorado

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-120
Author(s):  
Daniel Alonso Medina ◽  
David Budd
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Pore Network ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Matrix Permeability ◽  
2D Flow ◽  
Path Lengths ◽  
Thin Section Petrography

The Codell Sandstone is a hydrocarbon-bearing, tight sand (permeability <0.1 mD) that is an active target for unconventional hydrocarbon production in the Denver-Julesburg Basin. In northeastern Colorado, the intergranular microporous drainage network within this clay-rich sandstone is poorly understood, with a strong diagenetic control suggested by the lack of correlation between permeability and depositional facies. Core samples from the Wattenberg Field and Redtail areas in Weld County were used to identify which diagenetic processes were most important in developing a connected pore network. Thirteen diagenetic features were defined using thin-section petrography and electron microprobe mineralogical phase mapping, and skeletonized flow paths were delineated by epifluorescence imaging. Quartz overgrowths, mechanical compaction, and clay cements (illite, chlorite, and kaolinite) are better developed in the laminated facies than the burrowed facies. Authigenic calcite and pyrite, and dissolution of framework grains are equally developed in both types of facies. Cumulative 2D flow-path lengths positively co-vary with permeability, indicating that the skeletonized paths capture the features that control permeability. The longest flow paths in high permeability (≥0.09 mD) samples follow micropores created along the periphery of framework grains where the discontinuous quartz overgrowths abut clays. Micropores within intergranular clay masses (detrital, pore-filling cements, and authigenic replacements) associate with shorter flow paths that dominate in low permeability (≤ 0.01 mD) samples and feed the longer paths in high permeability samples. While compaction and all types of cements had a negative impact on the original pore network, the development of long contacts between quartz overgrowths and mechanically juxtaposed grains eventually became beneficial to the drainage system. The increased surface area along those contacts increased the continuity of the flow paths developed along grain surfaces. All observations indicate that the minute quartz overgrowths, and the high authigenic rugosity they created along grain boundaries, were a key diagenetic event in creating the most efficient drainage networks that now facilitate the movement of hydrocarbons at the core-plug scale.

scholarly journals Macro-Level Modeling of Urban Transportation Safety: Case-Study of Mashhad (Iran)

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-288
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mohammadi ◽  
Gholamali Shafabakhsh ◽  
Ali Naderan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Urban Transportation ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Transportation Safety ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Safety Case ◽  
Bus Services

Abstract Transportation safety can be aimed at the planning stage in order to adopt safety management and evaluate the long-time policies. The main objective of this research was to make use of crash prediction models in urban transportation planning process. As such, it was attempted to gather data on the results of transportation master plan as well as Mashhad urban crash database. Two modelling method, generalized linear model with negative binomial distribution and geographically weighted regression, were considered as the methods used in this research. Trip variables, including trip by car, trip by bus, trip by bus services and trip by school services, were significant at 95%. The results indicated that both finalized models were competent in predicting urban crashes in Mashhad. Regarding to results urban transportation safety will be improved by changing the modal share for example from private car to bus. The application of the process presented in this study can improve the urban transportation safety management processes and lead to more accurate prediction in terms of crashes across urban traffic areas.

Innovative Techniques for Optimization of Far-Field Diverter Materials to Enhance Fracture Geometry in Carbonate Reservoirs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maunish Shah ◽  
Nicholas A. Koster ◽  
Connor Clark ◽  
Subhash N. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Filter Press ◽  
Carbonate Reservoirs ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Fracture Geometry ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Upward Growth ◽  
Degradation Behaviors ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Effective Seal

Abstract The technique of employing specialized particulates for far-field diversion is well-established during hydraulic fracturing treatments in unconventional formations and is being investigated for use in conventional formations. Far-field diverters (FFD) divert fluid away from the wellbore far into the formation. The injection of FFD at the beginning of the treatment provides an additional stress barrier between the producing interval and adjacent layers by depositing at the layer boundaries where higher leak-off is encountered. The ensuing restriction in height growth maximizes fracture extension within the producing zone, optimizing geometry for increased hydrocarbon production while limiting excess water. Polylactic Acid (PLA) polymer is self-degradable, compatible with reservoir fluids, and has a variety of compositions for different temperature applications. Blending proppant with PLA has been seen to significantly improve the strength of the deposited far-field diverter. Therefore, PLA powder and silica proppant are blended to develop Generation-1 far-field diverter (FFD-Gen1). However, many silica proppants have greater density than PLA, leading to separation during transport which prevents these two components from depositing evenly at the upper fracture boundary. This results in a situation in which excessive downward growth is prevented while upward growth is left unchecked. For this reason, both components need to be simultaneously deposited in order to develop an effective seal. Generation-2 far-field diverter (FFD-Gen2) is developed by replacing silica proppant of FFD-Gen1 with a deformable proppant having a density nearly equal to the polymer, which enables uniform deposition on all adjacent formation boundaries where leakoff is encountered. The deformable characteristic improves the pressure withstanding capacity of the diverter pack. The deposition and degradation behaviors are investigated in the laboratory by performing HTHP filter press and plug stability experiments. Experimental findings suggest that the primary selection criteria for acceptable performance are the material's mechanical properties. This methodology is used to select the appropriate FFD materials to optimize fracture geometry in carbonate reservoirs. Successful applications prevent excessive water production and substantially increase hydrocarbon production as illustrated in a three well case studies.

Rural Tourism Product Planning "Nepal Van Java", Dusun Butuh, Magelang Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Mega Mega Aldora ◽  
Endah Trihayuningtyas ◽  
Ikhsan Ardiansyah ◽  
Nisa Aulia Nur Setiawan ◽  
Agrestasha Nursavira Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
Simple Calculation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Actual Condition ◽  
Simple Estimate ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Agricultural Resources ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
The Village

Nepal Van Java is a tourism attraction that offers the beauty of local residences in Mount Sumbing slope located in Dusun Butuh, Magelang. According to a simple calculation of average visits up to a thousand visitors in one day, Nepal Van Java has a high visitors number according to a simple estimate of average visits. However, at this time, there are not many rural tourism products offered by Nepal Van Java because this destination is still in the planning stage where there is no planning for rustic tourism products. The purpose of this paper is to describe the planning process related to the village tourism product. Qualitative research methods have applied to this research, resulting in an understanding of the actual condition of village tourism products. Detailed planning related to Nepal Van Java tourism products includes planning on facilities, transportation systems, and introduction of visitors, with the idea of focusing on optimizing agricultural resources as agrotourism, potential aids for farm stays, and culture.

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