Petroleum Systems Modeling and Hydrocarbon Migration and Oil Potential Assessment of the Southern Side of Pre-Caspian Basin, Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilyara Urmanova
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Model ◽  
Flow Equation ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Caspian Basin ◽  
Type I ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Migration

Abstract An active oil system is recognized from the data in the Tengiz-Primorsky uplift zone of the southern edge of the Pre-Caspian Basin in stratigraphic ascending and structural traps of the Famennian carbonate reservoir. This area is considered one of the most high-yeilding gas provinces in Kazakhstan. However, the timing of the displacement and migration of hydrocarbons depending on the formation of traps remains unclear. To reduce this uncertainty, an attempt was made to analyze a cross-sectional model that takes into account seismic structural interpretation and data from the Ansagan 1 well to simulate history, temperature, sourcerock maturity and pressure regimes over geological time. The displacement of hydrocarbons from the original rocks and further HC migration were modeled using 2D reservoir fluid flow modeling based on the Darcy flow equation. The main blocks of the source rocks correspond to the Devonian complex with the influence of algal lipids or organic matter enriched in lipids (type I kerogen). The maturity trend increases from east to west due to higher burial. The general objectives of this article were to set goals and determine the level of detalization of the research; selection and preparation of input data, filling the model with information, restoring the basin immersion history, calculating the thermal model, and determining the maturity of source deposits, calibrating the thermal model, calculating HC emigration; assessment of migration routes.

COMPARISON OF SELECTED NON-MARINE PETROLEUM-BEARING BASINS IN AUSTRALIA AND CHINA

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
P.S. Moore D.K. Hobday H. Mai ◽  
Z.C. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Alluvial Fan ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Local Source ◽  
Type I ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Half Graben ◽  
Oil Source

This paper summarises the geology and hydrocarbon potential of two Chinese and two Australian basins (Ordos, Northern Jiangsu, Eromanga, and Surat basins) in order to compare factors affecting the generation, migration, and entrapment of hydrocarbons. In all four basins, hydrocarbons are generated from nonmarine source rocks of lacustrine and fluvial-overbank origin. While the Chinese and Australian basins contain a similar range of sedimentary facies, from alluvial fan to lacustrine, the arrangement and relative thicknesses of these facies vary considerably as a result of different tectonic and palaeoclimatic settings.During the Triassic, the Ordos Basin was dominated by retroarc foredeep subsidence and the development of deep, fresh-water lakes with anoxic bottom waters. This non-bioturbated substrate, with Type I and II kerogen precursors, provided an excellent oil source for adjacent fan-delta, deltaic, and fluvial reservoirs, and for the unconformably overlying Jurassic fluvial valley-fill sandstone reservoirs.The Northern Jiangsu Basin was initiated by back-arc extension and underwent very rapid half-graben subsidence in the Eocene. Alluvial fan, shoreline, and fluvial facies aggraded in a relatively narrow zone along the active, faulted margin, and merged laterally into organic-rich shales which provided a local source for oil.By comparison, the Eromanga/Surat basins developed in response to gentle downwarp and reactivation of older structural trends. Reservoirs are largely restricted to craton-derived quartzose facies such as in the Hutton, Precipice, and Namur sandstones. There is probably a dual source for oil, from the underlying Permian (which may be the dominant source in the Surat Basin), and from shales deposited in shallow, partly oxygenated lakes and overbank facies of Jurassic age (important in the Eromanga, and possibly subordinate in the Surat Basin). Deep lacustrine facies, typical of the Chinese basins, did not develop. The greater abundance of oil in the Chinese nonmarine basins is explained in terms of tectonic and palaeoclimatic factors which yielded thicker and better quality source rocks, more rapid maturation, and a better juxtaposition of source rocks and good-quality reservoirs, thus providing short, highly efficient migration routes.

Stratigraphic Intervals for Oil and Tar Sand Deposits in the Uinta Basin, Utah

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-264
Author(s):  
Ronald Johnson ◽  
Justin Birdwell ◽  
Paul Lillis
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Uinta Basin ◽  
Green River ◽  
Reservoir Rocks ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
The Rich ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Almost All

To better understand oil and bitumen generation and migration in the Paleogene lacustrine source rocks of the Uinta Basin, Utah, analyses of 182 oil samples and tar-impregnated intervals from 82 core holes were incorporated into a well-established stratigraphic framework for the basin. The oil samples are from the U.S. Geological Survey Energy Resources Program Geochemistry Laboratory Database; the tar-impregnated intervals are from core holes drilled at the Sunnyside and P.R. Spring-Hill Creek tar sands deposits. The stratigraphic framework includes transgressive and regressive phases of the early freshwater to near freshwater lacustrine interval of Lake Uinta and the rich and lean zone architecture developed for the later brackish-to-hypersaline stages of the lake. Two types of lacustrine-sourced oil are currently recognized in the Uinta Basin: (1) Green River A oils, with high wax and low β-carotane contents thought to be generated by source rocks in the fresh-to-brackish water lacustrine interval, and (2) much less common Green River B oils, an immature asphaltic oil with high β-carotane content thought to be generated by marginally mature to mature source rocks in the hypersaline lacustrine interval. Almost all oil samples from reservoir rocks in the fresh-to-brackish water interval are Green River A oils; however four samples of Green River A oils were present in the hypersaline interval, which likely indicates vertical migration. In addition, two samples of Green River B oil are from intervals that were assumed to contain only Green River A oil. Tar sand at the P.R. Spring-Hill Creek deposit are restricted to marginal lacustrine and fluvial sandstones deposited during the hypersaline phase of Lake Uinta, suggesting a genetic relationship to Green River B oils. Tar sand at the Sunnyside deposit, in contrast, occur in marginal lacustrine and alluvial sandstones deposited from the early fresh to nearly freshwater phase of Lake Uinta through the hypersaline phase. The Sunnyside deposit occurs in an area with structural dips that range from 7 to 14 degrees, and it is possible that some tar migrated stratigraphically down section.

Effect of Early Low-Intensity Exercise on Rat Hind-Limb Muscles Following Acute Ischemic Stroke

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myoung-Ae Choe ◽  
Gyeong Ju An ◽  
Yoon-Kyong Lee ◽  
Ji Hye Im ◽  
Smi Choi-Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise

This study examined the effects of daily low-intensity exercise following acute stroke on mass, Type I and II fiber cross-sectional area, and myofibrillar protein content of hind-limb muscles in a rat model. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups (n = 7-9 per group): stroke (occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery [RMCA]), control (sham RMCA procedure), exercise, and stroke-exercise. Beginning 48 hours post-stroke induction/sham operation, rats in the exercise group had 6 sessions of exercise in which they ran on a treadmill at grade 10 for 20 min/day at 10 m/min. At 8 days poststroke, all rats were anesthetized and soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected from both the affected and unaffected sides. After 6 sessions of exercise following acute ischemic stroke, the stroke-exercise group showed the following significant (p < .05) increases compared to the stroke-only group: body weight and dietary intake, muscle weight of affected soleus and both affected and unaffected gastrocnemius muscle, Type I fiber cross-sectional area of affected soleus and both affected and unaffected gastrocnemius muscle, Type II fiber cross-sectional area of the unaffected soleus, both affected and unaffected plantaris and gastrocnemius muscle, Type II fiber distribution of affected gastrocnemius muscle, and myofibrillar protein content of both affected and unaffected soleus muscle. Daily low-intensity exercise following acute stroke attenuates hind-limb muscle atrophy in both affected and unaffected sides. The effects of exercise are more pronounced in the soleus and gastrocnemius as compared to the plantaris muscle.

scholarly journals Relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Sleep Quality and Body Mass Index in Emergency Nurses

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
Noelia Miguez-Torres ◽  
Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez ◽  
María Martínez-Olcina ◽  
Laura Miralles-Amorós ◽  
Cristina Reche-García
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Type I ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Emergency Nurses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lack Of Sleep

Nurses have long working hours with high psychological burdens. In addition, in the emergency department, nurses are required to quickly adapt emotionally. The aim of this study was to describe and relate emotional intelligence (EI) skills of emergency nurses, their body mass index (BMI) and sleep quality. For this purpose, a cross-sectional was carried out in which the perceived emotional intelligence test and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index were applied. Sixty-two emergency nurses (48 women and 14 men) participated. The results indicated that the majority of them present adequate levels of EI, with no differences by gender. Younger nurses showed a better ability to feel, express and understand emotional states than the older ones, while the ability to regulate emotional states occurred in the opposite way. Nurses who have been working for several years showed a better ability to regulate emotions than those with less experience. Those who were overweight grade II and obese type I expressed their feelings better, also the regulation of emotional states decreased as weight increased. Finally, it has been observed that the quality of sleep of emergency nurses is significantly altered, and that this lack of sleep may affect their ability to process emotions.

scholarly journals Cryptic speciation in the Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus)

The Auk ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott F Lovell ◽  
M Ross Lein ◽  
Sean M Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Contact Zone ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Abstract Eastern (Vireo gilvus gilvus) and western (V. g. swainsoni) forms of the Warbling Vireo have essentially allopatric breeding ranges across north-central North America, but come into contact in central Alberta, Canada. In 1986, Jon Barlow presented preliminary morphological and song evidence suggesting that the Warbling Vireo complex might comprise more than one valid species. However, to date, Barlow’s suggestion is supported by only limited DNA evidence, demonstration of molt and migration differences between the taxa, and anecdotal accounts of differences in song, morphology, plumage, and ecology. We analyzed variation in both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA in birds from Alberta and surrounding areas to determine the levels of genetic differentiation and hybridization occurring in the contact zone, and whether the two taxa warrant recognition as separate biological species. Our analyses reveal that Warbling Vireos in Alberta and the surrounding areas are separated into two well-defined, genetically differentiated, and monophyletic clades corresponding to previously recognized taxonomic groups. The two taxa come into contact in a narrow (~85 km) zone in Barrhead County, northwest of Edmonton, Alberta. They show evidence of limited hybridization. The distinct genetic differences are maintained in the contact zone, where individuals of the two taxa may occupy neighboring territories. Differences in spring arrival dates, molt schedules, and migration routes indicate that a migratory divide may play an important role in reproductive isolation. We suggest that the two taxa are distinct cryptic species: an eastern form, Vireo gilvus, and a western form, Vireo swainsoni.

Analysis of Fault Characteristics and Reservoir Forming Control in Middle Fault Depression Belt in Hailer-Tamtsag Basin

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 174-184
Author(s):  
Yong He Sun ◽  
Lin Kang ◽  
Feng Xiang Yang ◽  
Xue Song Li
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Type I ◽  
Weathering Crust ◽  
Gas Migration ◽  
Block Boundary ◽  
System Type ◽  
Fracture Damage ◽  
Buried Hill

In order to reveal in middle fault depression belt of Hailer-Tamtsag Basin buried hill oil and gas migration and accumulation characteristics, we summarize controlling effect of fault on oil and gas migration and accumulation of buried hill, which by analysing genetic mechanism of buried hills based on fault systems formation and evolution. Research shows that three types of fault system in Hailer-Tamtsag Basin: early stretched fault system(Type I), early stretched middle tensile shearing fault system(Type I-II), early stretched middle tensile shearing reverse late fault system(Type I-II-III). Type I-II and I-II-III are stretching by NW tensional stress in Nantun group ,which afford tectonic framework for syngenesis buried hill and epigenetic buried hill. Type I make buried hills complicated .It is also favorable to ancient geomorphological buried hill in the fault less affected zones. Although they formed cracks dense zone easier, Type I-II and I-II-III fault system damage the reservoir which is not conducive to " hydrocarbon-supplying window " formation; Type I fault system have less promotion on the development of the buried hill reservoir, while it is conducive to hydrocarbon accumulation as the block boundary in buried hill hydrocarbon. Fault formed source rocks two kinds for hydrocarbon mode: unidirectional and bidirectional, which formed two reservoir-forming pattern: Unidirectional transportation hydrocarbon of weathering crust or hydrocarbon of fracture damage zones and bidirectional transportation hydrocarbon of weathering crust or hydrocarbon of fracture damage zones.

scholarly journals Physiology of a Microgravity Environment Invited Review: Microgravity and skeletal muscle

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 823-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Fitts ◽  
Danny R. Riley ◽  
Jeffrey J. Widrick
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Thin Filament ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Cross Sectional

Spaceflight (SF) has been shown to cause skeletal muscle atrophy; a loss in force and power; and, in the first few weeks, a preferential atrophy of extensors over flexors. The atrophy primarily results from a reduced protein synthesis that is likely triggered by the removal of the antigravity load. Contractile proteins are lost out of proportion to other cellular proteins, and the actin thin filament is lost disproportionately to the myosin thick filament. The decline in contractile protein explains the decrease in force per cross-sectional area, whereas the thin-filament loss may explain the observed postflight increase in the maximal velocity of shortening in the type I and IIa fiber types. Importantly, the microgravity-induced decline in peak power is partially offset by the increased fiber velocity. Muscle velocity is further increased by the microgravity-induced expression of fast-type myosin isozymes in slow fibers (hybrid I/II fibers) and by the increased expression of fast type II fiber types. SF increases the susceptibility of skeletal muscle to damage, with the actual damage elicited during postflight reloading. Evidence in rats indicates that SF increases fatigability and reduces the capacity for fat oxidation in skeletal muscles. Future studies will be required to establish the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the SF-induced muscle atrophy and functional loss and to develop effective exercise countermeasures.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Incidence of Hyaline Membrane Disease and Maternal Hypertension During Pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Lasmida Nazir Nuriman ◽  
Dadang Sjarif Hidajat
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension In Pregnancy ◽  
Hyaline Membrane ◽  
Neonatal Respiratory Distress ◽  
Maternal Hypertension ◽  
The Relationship

There have been controversies over the eiTect of hypertension in pregnancy on the incidence of type I neonatal respiratory distress syndrome or hyaline membrane disease (HMD). We investigated the relationship between the incidence of HMD and maternal hypertension during pregnancy in 91 infants at 34 weeks gestation or less. This retrospective cross sectional study included all live born babies between May 1, 1994 and April 30, 1995 at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. Maternal hypertension during pregnancy was diagnosed in 38 mothers of91 infants studied. The incidence of HMD (5%) in the maternal hypertension during pregnancy group was significantly lower than the 62% in the normotensive group (p<0.01). There was a negative correlation between the occurence of HMD and hypertension during pregnancy. We conclude that the risk of developing HMD in infants born to hypertensive mothers is significantly lower than those born to normotensive mothers.

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