The Overlooked Intricacies of Wellbore Cleanout in Sub-Hydrostatic Conditions with Coiled Tubing: Lessons Learned Toward an Effective Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Hamid ◽  
Nahr M. Abulhamayel ◽  
Danish Ahmed ◽  
Zahaezuani Rafiq Hamidon
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Well Production ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
Prevention Measure ◽  
Open Hole ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Abstract This study focuses on horizontal wells completed with pre-perforated liners installed in open holes, and which produce under sub-hydrostatic conditions. During workover operations, loss circulation materials (LCM) are routinely pumped, thus requiring coiled tubing (CT) cleanout interventions to enable well production afterwards. The sub-hydrostatic nature of the reservoir makes it challenging to maintain optimum bottomhole pressure (BHP) and have the ideal downhole conditions, without significant losses and with sufficient annular velocities, for an effective cleanout. During CT cleanout operations, the LCM plugging the formation may falsely create a perception that the well is able to sustain a column of fluid. However, as the LCM is cleaned out and the wellbore starts communicating with the reservoir, sudden fluid losses may occur, causing solids in the annulus to fall and leading to a stuck pipe scenario. Constant control of the balanced downhole conditions is therefore critical in such operations—yet frequently overlooked during job design. The use of real-time downhole pressure sensors thus not only ensure effective cleanout but also act as a stuck pipe prevention measure. Based on job executions in similar wells, several lessons learned were compiled. The ability to maintain optimum downhole conditions by adjusting liquid and nitrogen rates during cleanout has proven to be key to a successful cleanout. Additionally, in one of the wells where CT did get stuck, the team was able to prevent debris from falling, thus addressing the root cause, and facilitating the implementation of an effective contingency plan to get the pipe free. The need for live downhole monitoring is even more important when operating in the pre-perforated liner sections that are exposed to the open hole. Common designs calculate annular velocities based on the internal diameter of the liner, but in reality, the much bigger openhole diameter shall be taken into consideration, which result in much lower values of annular velocities in reality. Additionally, selection of the right bottomhole assembly (BHA) is critical for the overall system performance. In the presented case, the motor and mill configuration was observed to be more effective compared to a high-pressure rotary jetting tool. However, as the motor and mill combination creates significant vibrations while operating, it becomes critical to use a ruggedized version of the live downhole CT acquisition system to ensure maximum reliability. The observations compiled throughout operations enabled the development of best practices. Risks involved in a cleanout operation are often underestimated, especially in a well with a depleted reservoir. As more reservoirs face depletion in mature fields globally, the ability to clearly understand the downhole dynamics during such operations makes the difference between a successful job and a catastrophic failure.

Design Optimization for Hydraulically Driven Agitation Tool in Extended Coiled Tubing Reach Application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Saiood ◽  
Laurie Duthie ◽  
Ahmed Albaqshi ◽  
Muhammad Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Resistance Force ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
Contact Points ◽  
The Right ◽  
Helical Buckling

Abstract As the boundaries are pushed with increased length of horizontal wells, coiled tubing (CT) well intervention capabilities are challenged requiring new technologies to expand existing capabilities. When utilizing coiled tubing, standard best practice is to first utilize CT modeling software to optimize CT size and weight for maximum reach. After choosing the right CT size, the next and most critical factor to address in extending the reach is, drag and frictional forces between the CT and the wellbore. Reducing friction and delaying helical buckling will significantly increase the reach. Several versions have been created utilizing various pressure pulse tools in the CT bottom hole assemble (BHA) to accomplish this task. These tools work by creating vibration or pressure pulses that allow for a delay in the onset of the helical buckling of CT and are widely utilized and accepted as solutions. However, existing agitation tool limitations have been reached. A newly designed and developed, hydraulically driven agitation tool (HDAT) to extend CT reach delivers continuous frequency pressure waves along the entire length of the CT. The HDAT provides a reduction in static friction and converts that to a dynamic friction form along the CT string. The continuous hydraulic agitation reduces the onset of helical buckling and thus reduces CT helical contact points, resulting in lower resistance force. The development, design, and lab testing for the HDAT has been through extensive development stages resulting in three generations of the tool, with each version providing an incrementally improved performance. The latest generation HDAT has been designed to function at optimum operational frequencies and produce excitation that works on a longer section of the CT. The performance advancement of the newly designed HDAT generation was achieved after extensive lab testing with a field run reaching a total depth of 24,500 ft over a 4,600 ft open hole lateral section. The new HDAT was redesigned to improve performance and reliability to achieve an effective matrix acid stimulation treatment. The lessons learned from previous generations were imbedded to extend the reach of the CT in the most challenging extended reach wells.

Methodology to Remediate and Evaluate Surface Flowline Capacity with Coiled Tubing Cleanouts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Hassig ◽  
Dayana Serrano ◽  
Cristina Villacres ◽  
David Flor ◽  
Luis Marchan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Byproduct Formation ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Customers in Ecuador inject the byproduct formation water from production wells into injector wells. A limited injection rate bottlenecks production, which is economically undesirable. Two major contributors limit injection capacity: reservoir injectivity and flowline pressure losses. In the latter case, paraffins, asphaltenes, and scale, collectively referred to as "schmoo," progressively build in the flowline and reduce the internal diameter, limiting flow rate capacity. One cost-effective method to remediate flowlines with significant deposits is coiled tubing (CT) cleanouts. This unconventional method, which calls for optimized planning, execution, and performance evaluation, has been implemented in five flowlines. An economic analysis shows that remediating flowlines using CT cleanout yields significant savings as compared with replacement. After a candidate is identified, job planning takes into consideration flowline length and deviation (to identify maximum reach of CT), schmoo analysis (to design an optimal bottomhole assembly and fluid treatment), and execution logistics (to ensure a viable, reliable, and safe operation). After the cleanout, the flowline is put back into service, and the effectiveness of the treatment is estimated based on system flow rates and pressure losses. The equivalent internal diameter (ID) for the flowlines was improved by over 49% in each of the remediated flowlines, achieving an effectiveness of over 89% of nominal ID and increasing flow rates without a detrimental effect on system pressure. The cleanouts re-established nominal capacity in over 50k ft of flowline that no longer needed replacement. Lessons learned include the ability to complete the cleanout with water alone. The chemical analysis in planning stages showed the absence of carbonates, which enabled a mechanical cleanout with a high-pressure nozzle. Nonetheless, a chemical treatment was designed as a contingency. Another learning was that whereas tubing force models helped predict the reach of the CT, other factors created limitations. For example, the weld bead on the flowline limited the reach of the CT and required re-evaluating where to create cuts along the flowline. Finally, deploying the CT in a flowline required configuring the injector head horizontally, which required a customized base for safe rig up and operation of the injector head and pressure-control equipment. CT successfully cleaned out five flowlines with IDs ranging from 6-in. to 8-in. and re-established 89% to 98% of their nominal ID. As a result, the operator saved upwards of USD 14 million in flowline replacement costs, increased asset utilization, and decreased deferred injection. Historically, there is limited documented experience with flowline cleanouts using CT. The paper documents a repeatable methodology for candidate selection, planning, execution, and performance evaluation. It also provides basic building blocks to meet treatment design, rig-up, and execution requirements that are unique to this application.

Dual Lateral Open Hole Coiled Tubing Acid Stimulation in Deep HPHT Sour Gas Producer Wells - Field Experience and Lessons Learned from Ghawar Field.

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa R. Alzaid ◽  
Mohammed A. Al-Ghazal ◽  
Saad Al-Driweesh ◽  
Fadel Al-Ghurairi ◽  
Jose Vielma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experience ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Coiled Tubing ◽  
Open Hole ◽  
Sour Gas ◽  
Ghawar Field

Legal Update: North Dakota Supreme Court: Third Edition of Guides is “Most Current”

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
James J. Mangraviti
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Hip Motion ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Rotation ◽  
Hip Extension

Abstract The accurate measurement of hip motion is critical when one rates impairments of this joint, makes an initial diagnosis, assesses progression over time, and evaluates treatment outcome. The hip permits all motions typical of a ball-and-socket joint. The hip sacrifices some motion but gains stability and strength. Figures 52 to 54 in AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Fourth Edition, illustrate techniques for measuring hip flexion, loss of extension, abduction, adduction, and external and internal rotation. Figure 53 in the AMA Guides, Fourth Edition, illustrates neutral, abducted, and adducted positions of the hip and proper alignment of the goniometer arms, and Figure 52 illustrates use of a goniometer to measure flexion of the right hip. In terms of impairment rating, hip extension (at least any beyond neutral) is irrelevant, and the AMA Guides contains no figures describing its measurement. Figure 54, Measuring Internal and External Hip Rotation, demonstrates proper positioning and measurement techniques for rotary movements of this joint. The difference between measured and actual hip rotation probably is minimal and is irrelevant for impairment rating. The normal internal rotation varies from 30° to 40°, and the external rotation ranges from 40° to 60°.

Implementasi Sistem Informasi Monitoring Pengolahan Data Inventory Gudang Pada PT.Talaga Mulya Indah

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-197
Author(s):  
Nurlaila Suci Rahayu Rais ◽  
Dedeh Apriyani ◽  
Gito Gardjito
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Monitoring of warehouse inventory data processing is an important thing for companies. PT Talaga mulya indah is still manual using paper media, causing problems that have an effect on existing information, namely: problems with data processing of incoming and outgoing goods. And the difference between data on the amount of stock of goods available with physical data, often occurs inputting data more than once for the same item, searching for available data, and making reports so that it impedes companies in monitoring inventory of existing stock of goods. Which aims to create a system that can provide updated information to facilitate the warehouse admin in making inventory reports, and reduce errors in input by means of integrated control. In this study, the authors used the data collection method used in this analysis using the method of observation, interviews, and literature review (literature study). For analysis using the PIECES analysis method. Furthermore, the system design used is UML (Unified Modeling Language). The results of this study are expected to produce the right data in the process of monitoring inventory data processing, also can provide the right information and make it easier to control the overall availability of goods.

Konsep Pemerintahan Religius dan Demokrasi Menurut Abdul Karim Soroush dan Ayatullah Khomeini

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-473
Author(s):  
M. Heri Fadoil
Keyword(s):  
Religious System ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Ayatollah Khomeini ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right

Abstract: Abdul Karim Soroush judges that religious rule is incorrect assessment of the application of Islamic jurisprudence. In a religious society, Islamic jurisprudence obtains the right to govern. It is, of course, necessary to establish a kind of Islamic jurisprudence-based religious rule. Soroush firmly rejects it because such interpretation is too narrow. As for democracy, Soroush argues that the system used is not necessarily equal to that of the Western. On the contrary, Ayatollah Khomeini’s thoughts on religious rule are reflected in the so called wilayat al-faqih. It is a religious scholar-based government. Democracy, according to him, is the values of Islam itself, which is able to represent the level of a system to bring to the country’s progress. Principally, there are some similarities between the ideas of Ayatollah Khomeini and those of Abdul Karim Soroush in term of religiosity. They assume that it is able to sustain the religious system of government. The difference between both lies on the application of religiosity itself. Ayatollah Khomeini applies the concept of a religious scholar-based government, while Abdul Karim Soroush rejects the institutionalization of religion in the government or state.Keywords: Governance, democracy, Abdul Karim Soroush, Ayatollah Khomeini

Our Bodies, Whose Property?

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Human Organs ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

No one wants to be treated like an object, regarded as an item of property, or put up for sale. Yet many people frame personal autonomy in terms of self-ownership, representing themselves as property owners with the right to do as they wish with their bodies. Others do not use the language of property, but are similarly insistent on the rights of free individuals to decide for themselves whether to engage in commercial transactions for sex, reproduction, or organ sales. Drawing on analyses of rape, surrogacy, and markets in human organs, this book challenges notions of freedom based on ownership of our bodies and argues against the normalization of markets in bodily services and parts. The book explores the risks associated with metaphors of property and the reasons why the commodification of the body remains problematic. The book asks what is wrong with thinking of oneself as the owner of one's body? What is wrong with making our bodies available for rent or sale? What, if anything, is the difference between markets in sex, reproduction, or human body parts, and the other markets we commonly applaud? The book contends that body markets occupy the outer edges of a continuum that is, in some way, a feature of all labor markets. But it also emphasizes that we all have bodies, and considers the implications of this otherwise banal fact for equality. Bodies remind us of shared vulnerability, alerting us to the common experience of living as embodied beings in the same world. Examining the complex issue of body exceptionalism, the book demonstrates that treating the body as property makes human equality harder to comprehend.

WITHWomen: User Centered Approach to the Design and Development of a suite of Intimate Partner Violence Screening and Safety Planning Web-Applications (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia O'Campo ◽  
Alisa Velonis ◽  
Pearl Buhariwala ◽  
Janisha Kamalanathan ◽  
Maha Awaiz Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Safety Planning ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Mhealth Technology ◽  
The Right ◽  
Safe Access ◽  
Health Applications

BACKGROUND The popularity of mHealth technology has resulted in the development of numerous applications for almost every type of self-improvement or disease management. M- and e-health solutions for increasing awareness about and safety around partner violence is no exception. OBJECTIVE These applications allow women to control access to these resources and provide unlimited, and with the right design features, safe access when these resources are needed. Few applications, however, have been designed in close collaboration with intended users to ensure relevance and effectiveness. METHODS We report here on the design of a pair of evidence-based m- and e-health applications to facilitate early identification of unsafe relationship behaviors and tailored safety planning to reduce harm from violence including the methods by which we collaborated with and sought input from population of intended users. RESULTS The demographic characteristics of those who participated in the various surveys and interviews to inform the development of our screening and safety-decision support app are presented in (Table 2). CONCLUSIONS Finally, we share challenges we faced and lessons learned that might inform future design efforts of m- and e-health evidence-based applications.

scholarly journals Sacrificing Oneself or Another: The Difference Between Prescriptive and Normative Judgments in Moral Evaluation

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329411989606
Author(s):  
Štěpán Bahník ◽  
Emir Efendic ◽  
Marek A. Vranka
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Moral Evaluation ◽  
Normative Judgment ◽  
Question Wording ◽  
Judgment Type ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Sacrifice ◽  
Normative Judgments

When asked whether to sacrifice oneself or another person to save others, one might think that people would consider sacrificing themselves rather than someone else as the right and appropriate course of action—thus showing an other-serving bias. So far however, most studies found instances of a self-serving bias—people say they would rather sacrifice others. In three experiments using trolley-like dilemmas, we tested whether an other-serving bias might appear as a function of judgment type. That is, participants were asked to make a prescriptive judgment (whether the described action should or should not be done) or a normative judgment (whether the action is right or wrong). We found that participants exhibited an other-serving bias only when asked whether self- or other-sacrifice is wrong. That is, when the judgment was normative and in a negative frame (in contrast to the positive frame asking whether the sacrifice is right). Otherwise, participants tended to exhibit a self-serving bias; that is, they approved sacrificing others more. The results underscore the importance of question wording and suggest that some effects on moral judgment might depend on the type of judgment.

scholarly journals Changes in Children’s Body Composition and Posture during Puberty Growth

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Wojciech Rusek ◽  
Joanna Baran ◽  
Justyna Leszczak ◽  
Marzena Adamczyk ◽  
Rafał Baran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Pelvic Obliquity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Older Children ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

The main goal of our study was to determine how the age of children, puberty and anthropometric parameters affect the formation of body composition and faulty body posture development in children. The secondary goal was to determine in which body segments abnormalities most often occur and how gender differentiates the occurrence of adverse changes in children’s body posture and body composition during puberty. The study group consisted of 464 schoolchildren aged from 6–16. Body posture was assessed with the Zebris system. The composition of the body mass was tested with Tanita MC 780 MA body mass analyzer and the body height was measured using a portable stadiometer PORTSTAND 210. The participants were further divided due to the age of puberty. Tanner division was adopted. The cut-off age for girls is ≥10 years and for boys it is ≥12 years. The analyses applied descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation, stepwise regression analysis and the t-test. The accepted level of significance was p < 0.05. The pelvic obliquity was lower in older children (beta = −0.15). We also see that age played a significant role in the difference in the height of the right pelvis (beta = −0.28), and the difference in the height of the right shoulder (beta = 0.23). Regression analysis showed that the content of adipose tissue (FAT%) increased with body mass index (BMI) and decreased with increasing weight, age, and height. Moreover, the FAT% was lower in boys than in girls (beta negative equal to −0.39). It turned out that older children (puberty), had greater asymmetry in the right shoulder blade (p < 0.001) and right shoulder (p = 0.003). On the other hand, younger children (who were still before puberty) had greater anomalies in the left trunk inclination (p = 0.048) as well as in the pelvic obliquity (p = 0.008). Girls in puberty were characterized by greater asymmetry on the right side, including the shoulders (p = 0.001), the scapula (p = 0.001) and the pelvis (p < 0.001). In boys, the problem related only to the asymmetry of the shoulder blades (p < 0.001). Girls were characterized by a greater increase in adipose tissue and boys by muscle tissue. Significant differences also appeared in the body posture of the examined children. Greater asymmetry within scapulas and shoulders were seen in children during puberty. Therefore, a growing child should be closely monitored to protect them from the adverse consequences of poor posture or excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the body.

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