scholarly journals The distribution of refraction by age and gender in a non-myopic Chinese children population aged 6-12 years

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyan Zhang ◽  
Yonglin Zhou ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Wenyi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Children ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Alert Threshold ◽  
Near Work

Abstract Background: This study aimed to explore the distribution of spherical equivalent (SE) and its association with age, BMI, sex in a non-myopic Chinese children population aged 6 to 12 years. Alarming threshold values were proposed to predict the future onset of myopia, and relationship between alert values and myopia related factors was explored.Methods: Demographic information was gathered from an ophthalmic examination taken by a total of 6362 students. SE value was obtained by the application of autorefractors. Some of the parents filled in a questionnaire of factors related to myopia among children.Results: Among 6362 students, 3900 (61.3%) were non-myopic. The prevalence of myopia is 38.0% for boys and 39.5% for girls. The average SE values were 0.50±0.70 D for boys and 0.60±0.80 D for girls. The mean SE values decreased with age, and the value of height and BMI took on a stable trend. Alarming threshold values for myopia were set as follows: for children aged 6 years, 0.40-0.60 D for boys and 0.80-1.00 D for girls; for children aged 7 years, 0.40-0.60 D for boys and 0.30-0.50 D for girls; for children aged 8 years, 0.20-0.40 D for boys and 0.30-0.50D for girls; for children aged 9 years, 0.20-0.40 D for boys and 0.30-0.40D for girls; for children aged 10 years, 0.10-0.30 D for boys and 0.30D for girls; for children aged 11 years, 0.10-0.30 D for boys and -0.30-0.30 D for girls; for children aged 12, -0.10-0.10 D for boys and -0.30-0.10 D for girls. Paternal myopia (OR: 1.22, 95%CI: 1.01-1.48), near work on weekends (OR: 2.56, 95%CI: 1.17-5.61), and outdoor activities (OR: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.54-0.86) had an impact on non-myopic students with myopic alarming threshold.Conclusion: This study described a distribution of refraction for non-myopic students in Jiangsu Province, China. A series of alert values were proposed to provide early warning reference for Chinese children aged 6 to 12 years. Paternal myopia, near work, and outdoor activities had an impact on non-myopic students with myopic alert threshold, and sensitive continuous data concerning risk factors mentioned above should be explored to be used as an early alert value in the future.

scholarly journals The distribution of refraction by age and gender in a non-myopic Chinese children population aged 6–12 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyan Zhang ◽  
Yonglin Zhou ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Wenyi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Near Work

Abstract Background The Prevalence of myopia is increasing in China. This study aimed to explore the distribution of spherical equivalent (SE) and its association with age, body mass index (BMI), gender in a non-myopic Chinese children population aged 6 to 12 years. Methods A total of 6362 students were recruited for ophthalmological investigation. Demographic and myopia related behavioral information was collected. SE value was measured by the Topcon RM-8900 or KR-800autorefractors. Potential independent risk factors were determined with Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) by logistic regression analysis. We further constructed the nomogram model to predict future onset of myopia. Results Among the study population, 3900 (61.3%) were non-myopic. The prevalence of myopia is 38.0% for boys and 39.5% for girls. The average SE values were 0.50 ± 0.70 D for boys and 0.60 ± 0.80 D for girls. The mean SE values decreased with age, and the value of height and BMI took on a stable trend. Threshold values for myopia varied across age groups and gender. Paternal myopia (OR: 1.22, 95%CI: 1.01–1.48), near-work activities on weekends (2.56, 1.17–5.61), and outdoor activities (0.68, 0.54–0.86) were associated with potential myopic in students. Conclusion A series of age-gender based SE threshold values were established to predict myopia in Chinese children aged 6 to 12 years. High risk factors for myopia included paternal myopia, near-work activities on weekends, and outdoor activities. Countermeasures are encouraged to reverse the increasing trend of myopia in children.

scholarly journals Epidemiology characteristics for non-myopic Chinese children aged 6 to 12 years in Jiangsu Province

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyan Zhang ◽  
Yonglin Zhou ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Wenyi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
Ophthalmic Examination ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Near Work ◽  
Aged Eleven

Abstract Background: We aimed to present epidemiology characteristics including SE value, age, BMI, sex for non-myopic Chinese children after indicating the prevalence of myopia among children aged six to twelve . Based on these we were trying to develop alert values for predicting the future onset of myopia. Methods: All students took part in the ophthalmic examination filled in a questionnaire to provide basic demographic information. We used an autorefractor applying with cycloplegia to obtain spherical equivalent value, and part of their parents filled in a questionnaire of factors related to myopic among children. Results: We finally had 3900 non-myopic observations from 6362 students, and the prevalence of myopia is 38.0% for boys and 39.5% for girls respectively. The average values for SE were 0.5±0.7 for boys and 0.6±0.8 for girls respectively. The mean SE decreased with age in children, and the value of height and BMI took on a stable trend. Alert values for myopia could be set as follows, for children aged six years of age, 0.4-0.6 D for boys and 0.8-1.0 D for girls respectively. For children aged seven years of age, 0.4-0.6 D for boys and 0.3-0.5 D for girls respectively, for children aged eight years, 0.2-0.4 D for boys and 0.3-0.5D for girls, for children aged nine years, 0.2-0.4 D for boys and 0.3-0.4D for girls, 0.1-0.3 D for boys aged ten and 0.3D for girls aged ten years, 0.10-0.3 D for boys aged eleven and -0.3-0.3 D for girls aged eleven years, and for children aged twelve ,-0.1-0.1 D for boys and -0.3-0.1 D for girls aged twelve years. Father’s myopia ( OR:1.22,95%CI:1.01-1.48 ), near work on weekends (OR:2.56,95%CI:1.17-5.61) and outdoor activities (OR:0.68,95%CI:0.54-0.86) had an impact to non-myopic students with myopic alerting. Conclusion: Our study presented an epidemiology description for non-myopic students in Jiangsu Province, and we proposed a series of alert values to provide early warning reference for Chinese children aged six to twelve years. We draw a nomograph to predict the probability of myopia onset and found that family, near work and outdoor activities, had an impact on non-myopic students with myopic alerting.

scholarly journals The distribution of refraction by age and gender in a non-myopic Chinese children population aged 6-12 years

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyan Zhang ◽  
Yonglin Zhou ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Wenyi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Near Work

Abstract Background: The Prevalence of myopia is increasing in China. This study aimed to explore the distribution of spherical equivalent (SE) and its association with age, body mass index (BMI), gender in a non-myopic Chinese children population aged 6 to 12 years. Methods: A total of 6362 students were recruited for ophthalmological investigation. Demographic and myopia related behavioral information was collected. SE value was measured by the Topcon RM-8900 or KR-800autorefractors. Potential independent risk factors were determined with Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) by logistic regression analysis. We further constructed the nomogram model to predict future onset of myopia.Results: Among the study population, 3900 (61.3%) were non-myopic. The prevalence of myopia is 38.0% for boys and 39.5% for girls. The average SE values were 0.50±0.70 D for boys and 0.60±0.80 D for girls. The mean SE values decreased with age, and the value of height and BMI took on a stable trend. Threshold values for myopia varied across age groups and gender. Paternal myopia (OR: 1.22, 95%CI: 1.01-1.48), near-work activities on weekends (2.56, 1.17-5.61), and outdoor activities (0.68, 0.54-0.86) were associated with potential myopic in students. Conclusion: A series of age-gender based SE threshold values were established to predict myopia in Chinese children aged 6 to 12 years. High risk factors for myopia included paternal myopia, near-work activities on weekends, and outdoor activities. Countermeasures are encouraged to reverse the increasing trend of myopia in children.

scholarly journals The distribution of refraction by age and gender in a non-myopic Chinese children population aged 6-12 years

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyan Zhang ◽  
Yonglin Zhou ◽  
Jie Yang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Wenyi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Work Activities ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Near Work

Abstract Background: The Prevalence of myopia is increasing in China. This study aimed to explore the distribution of spherical equivalent (SE) and its association with age, body mass index (BMI), gender in a non-myopic Chinese children population aged 6 to 12 years. Methods: A total of 6362 students were recruited for ophthalmological investigation. Demographic and myopia related behavioral information was collected. SE value was measured by the Topcon RM-8900 or KR-800autorefractors. Potential independent risk factors were determined with Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) by logistic regression analysis. We further constructed the nomogram model to predict future onset of myopia.Results: Among the study population, 3900 (61.3%) were non-myopic. The prevalence of myopia is 38.0% for boys and 39.5% for girls. The average SE values were 0.50±0.70 D for boys and 0.60±0.80 D for girls. The mean SE values decreased with age, and the value of height and BMI took on a stable trend. Threshold values for myopia varied across age groups and gender. Paternal myopia (OR: 1.22, 95%CI: 1.01-1.48), near-work activities on weekends (2.56, 1.17-5.61), and outdoor activities (0.68, 0.54-0.86) were associated with potential myopic in students. Conclusion: A series of age-gender based SE threshold values were established to predict myopia in Chinese children aged 6 to 12 years. High risk factors for myopia included paternal myopia, near-work activities on weekends, and outdoor activities. Countermeasures are encouraged to reverse the increasing trend of myopia in children.

scholarly journals Psychological Well-being, Age and Gender can Mediate Soundscapes Pleasantness and Eventfulness: A large sample study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercede Erfanian ◽  
Andrew Mitchell ◽  
Francesco Aletta ◽  
Jian Kang
Keyword(s):  
Sound Source ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThere is a great deal of literature on contributing environmental factors of soundscape, the perception of the acoustic environment by humans in context. Yet the impact of some contextual and person-related factors is largely unknown. From the questionnaire, adapted from ISO12913-2 and the WHO-5 well-being index, three questions arose: are there differences in Pleasantness and Eventfulness of soundscape among different acoustic environments; are high levels of psychological well-being associated with increased Pleasantness and Eventfulness ratings; and is soundscape Pleasantness and Eventfulness consistent among different age and gender groups? The sample comprised 1180 individual questionnaires, 621 females (52.6%), 532 males (45.1%), mean age 34.95 years ± 15.62, collected from eleven urban locations. Hierarchical clustering analysis was done on the mean of each sound source question for each survey location resulting in three clusters of locations based on sound source composition: Natural-dominant, Traffic-dominant and Mixed-sources. A Kruskal-Wallis was conducted to compare the mean Pleasantness and Eventfulness scores of the three clusters, demonstrating that the soundscape assessment was significantly different depending on sound source composition. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyse the relationship between psychological well-being, age, and gender with soundscape Pleasantness and Eventfulness. Our results indicated first that the positive psychological state was associated with Pleasantness in the all-locations and mixed-sources clusters, and with Eventfulness in the traffic-dominant cluster. Secondly, while age was linked to Pleasantness in all clusters it was merely associated with the Eventfulness in the all-locations cluster. Lastly, gender was associated with Pleasantness only in the all-locations cluster. These findings offer empirical grounds for developing theories of the contextual factors on soundscape.

scholarly journals Myopia Progress and Related Factors in School-Aged Children in Qingdao

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng An ◽  
Yuanyuan Liu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Chengye Che ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
General Description ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Near Work

Abstract PurposeObjective to investigate the progress and related factors for myopia in school-aged children in the Economic and Technological Development Zone of Qingdao. MethodsA total of 320 myopic students (aged 10-15 years; grade 3 to 8), who were willing to cooperate for a long time follow-up, were enrolled in the longitudinal survey. Participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination included uncorrected visual acuity, corrected visual acuity, slit lamp examination, and cycloplegic autorefraction in January 2017 and 2019, respectively. At the end of the follow-up, the information of near work, outdoor activities and other related factors were collected through a questionnaire. Qualified questionnaires were obtained in 296 (92.50%) students. All the data were entered, cleaned and analyzed by EpiData3.0. SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used for data general description, univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis.Results1. The baseline mean spherical equivalent of all students decreased from -2.29±1.16D in 2017 to -3.45±1.34D at the end of 2 years follow-up in 2019. The annual average growth of myopia was -0.58D (t=7.708, P<0.001). The growth rate of myopia in Grade 6 was faster than that in other grades, and the difference was statistically significant (F=8.236, P=0.003). 2. Both boys and girls showed significant myopia progress after 2 year follow-up. (Boys: t=6.342, P<0.001; Girls: t=4.888, P<0.001). However, we have not found significant difference in the growth rate between them.3. The proportion of two myopic parent was the highest in this sample, followed by one myopic parent, and no myopic parent was the lowest (c2=27.919, P<0.001). 4. The higher the grade, the more time the students spend on near work (F=2.988, P=0.012) and the less time they spend on outdoor activities. (F=2.290, P=0.046). We did not find that the myopia progression was related with Age, Sex, Parent myopia, Near work time and Outdoor activity time.ConclusionsIn this study, the Grade 6 adolescents had relatively rapid progression for myopia than other age groups. There was no significant difference in the progression of myopia between girls and boys. We did not find that the progression of myopia was related with Age, Sex, Parental myopia, Near work time and Outdoor activities time.

WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR OBESITY TREATMENT

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Narbro ◽  
Lars Sjöström
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Monthly Salary

Objectives: To estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for effective treatment in a sample of obese individuals and to examine whether WTP is associated with factors reflecting the severity of obesity as well as a number of other variables such as age, sex, education, and income.Methods: WTP and data on the severity of obesity were collected from the study, Swedish Obese Subjects. Associations between WTP, income, and obesity-related factors were analyzed by linear regression.Results: The mean age was 47 years (range, 37 through 59 years) and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 39.6 kg/m2 (n = 3,549). Average personal monthly income was SEK 13,000 (≈ US $1,585), average WTP was SEK 26,900 (≈ US $3,280) and the median value was SEK 10,900 (≈ US $1,330). A high WTP was associated with high personal and household income, high weight, high education, female sex, poor perceived health, low current age, and low age at onset of obesity. Over 50% of the patients deemed it necessary to borrow money to cover their WTP. When adding a loan to the regression analysis, the associations between WTP and perceived health, age, and gender disappeared.Conclusion: Obese patients are willing to pay approximately twice their monthly salary for effective treatment and a higher WTP is associated with higher weight and poorer perceived health.

scholarly journals Blood Pressure Morphology Assessment from Photoplethysmogram and Demographic Information Using Deep Learning with Attention Mechanism

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Aguirre ◽  
Edith Grall-Maës ◽  
Leandro J. Cymberknop ◽  
Ricardo L. Armentano
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Attention Mechanism ◽  
Wireless Devices ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Deep Learning Model

Arterial blood pressure (ABP) is an important vital sign from which it can be extracted valuable information about the subject’s health. After studying its morphology it is possible to diagnose cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, so ABP routine control is recommended. The most common method of controlling ABP is the cuff-based method, from which it is obtained only the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively). This paper proposes a cuff-free method to estimate the morphology of the average ABP pulse (ABPM¯) through a deep learning model based on a seq2seq architecture with attention mechanism. It only needs raw photoplethysmogram signals (PPG) from the finger and includes the capacity to integrate both categorical and continuous demographic information (DI). The experiments were performed on more than 1100 subjects from the MIMIC database for which their corresponding age and gender were consulted. Without allowing the use of data from the same subjects to train and test, the mean absolute errors (MAE) were 6.57 ± 0.20 and 14.39 ± 0.42 mmHg for DBP and SBP, respectively. For ABPM¯, R correlation coefficient and the MAE were 0.98 ± 0.001 and 8.89 ± 0.10 mmHg. In summary, this methodology is capable of transforming PPG into an ABP pulse, which obtains better results when DI of the subjects is used, potentially useful in times when wireless devices are becoming more popular.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Myopia among Children Attending Pediatrics Ophthalmology Clinic at Ohud Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Aisha Mohammed Alemam ◽  
Mohammed Hamad Aldebasi ◽  
Abdulkarem Rehmatullah ◽  
Rami Alsaidi ◽  
Ishraq Tashkandi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Near Work ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Introduction. Around half of the visually impaired population has uncorrected refractive errors (URE), and myopia constitutes a high proportion of them. URE should be screened and treated early to prevent long-term complications. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of myopia among all patients attending a pediatric outpatient clinic at Ohud Hospital in Medina, Saudi Arabia (KSA). Method. This study was conducted using a convenience sample of all patients attending the clinic (1500 patients) aged between 3 and 14 years, and they were enrolled in the study during the period from May 2017 until September 2017. Result. Of 1215 subjects, only 43 (3.54%) were diagnosed with myopia. Out of the study participants, 56.8% were female and the mean age was 9.7 ± 3.6. Myopia was more prevalent in male participants than female participants (n = 525, 4%, n = 690, 3.1%, p=0.5). Low myopia was the most common form among the screened individuals. The level of myopia was associated with the degree of the strabismus angle. Approximately 22% of patients with myopia had >25° strabismus angle. There was a statistically significant association with both near work indoor and outdoor activities on weekends and the level of myopia. Conclusion. The prevalence of myopia among pediatrics patients in Medina is 3.54%. We hope that the results of this study will contribute to a better understanding of this public health issue in Saudi Arabia in order to implant a strict screening program for early detection and interventions to reduce the risk of further progression of visual impairment.

scholarly journals Time to Recovery From Proteinuria and Its Related Factors in Patients With Lupus Nephritis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir Amir Aghdashi ◽  
Khadije Makhdomi ◽  
Arash Rashidi
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a severe form of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with renal involvement. It affects the kidneys in about 50% of SLE patients. The aim of this study was to assess the evaluation of proteinuria recovery time and its related factors associated with lupus nephritis patients in Urmia-Northwest of Iran. A retrospective cohort study was carried out, in which medical records of 80 patients with systemic lupus nephritis referred to Imam Khomeini university hospital were reviewed. According to these records, the biopsy-proven renal disease has been progressed from September 2009 to September 2013. Proteinuria, less than 0.5 g/24h, was defined as proteinuria recovery. The time elapsed from the diagnosis of proteinuria to its recovery is considered as the duration of proteinuria recovery (month). The findings were analyzed by STATA11 statistical software. The mean age at diagnosis of lupus nephritis was 26.50±8.10 years (14-51 years). The mean creatinine level at the start of treatment was 1.20±0.61 mg/dl (0.5-2.80). Proteinuria recovery time was four months for 25% of patients, six months for 50% of patients (median time), and 12 months for 75% of them. The higher class of LN had a trend toward 31 % lower risk of proteinuria recovery (HR: 0.73, 95% CI 0.56-0.96; P=0.02), the expected risk is 1.94 times greater in women as compared with men (HR: 1.94, 95% CI 1.1-3.48; P=0.02). The patients in this study population respond to treatment in less time, and in comparison with other studies, their proteinuria recovers earlier. Class of lupus nephritis (negative) and gender (positive) were predictive factors of proteinuria recovery among LN patients.

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