scholarly journals Survival analysis of asthma patients attended to at Chitungwiza Central Hospital in Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pisirai Ndarukwa ◽  
Moses John Chimbari ◽  
Elopy Sibanda
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Survival Function ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Asthma Patients

Abstract Background Asthma is one of the leading global public health problems with an estimated 300 thousand deaths occurring annually worldwide. Deaths due to asthma in Zimbabwe reached 1 301 or 1.02% of total deaths in 2014. The association between asthma survival and socio-demographic and pathologic factors has not been done in Zimbabwe. We aimed to determine the survival of asthma patients at Chitungwiza Central Hospital in Zimbabwe over a period of 20 years. Methods Records for 158 asthma patients were analysed in this retrospective cohort study. The patient records were sampled from the computerised health information department at the hospital. Data were collected using a patient record checklist which was divided into four sections: (i) demographic information, (ii) clinical characteristics of asthma patients, (iii) health service utilization and (iv) asthma self-management. Descriptive data analysis was performed using the Kaplan Meier survival function curves. The Kaplan Meier survival curves were differentiated by the log-rank test, median survival times and mortality rates. Significant hazard ratios were used for multivariate cox regression model and a test on proportional hazards assumption based on Schoenfeld residuals was conducted. Results The total follow-up time was 2208 person years. The majority of the participants (60.7%) were female. The mortality rate was 61.4%. The median age at death was 25.5 years (IQR; 21-34). Smoking history [p=<0.001], presence of respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease [p=0.002] were significantly associated with higher mortality. Having an income level

071 Natalizumab extended interval dosing (EID) is associated with a significant reduction in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) risk compared with standard interval dosing (SID) in the touch® prescribing program

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. A29.2-A29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lana Zhovtis Ryerson ◽  
John Foley ◽  
Ih Chang ◽  
Ilya Kister ◽  
Gary Cutter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Jc Virus ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis Plan ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Standard Interval ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Dosing Intervals

IntroductionNatalizumab, approved for 300 mg intravenous every-4-weeks dosing, is associated with PML risk. Prior studies have been inconclusive regarding EID’s impact on PML risk. The US REMS program (TOUCH) offers the largest data source that can inform on PML risk in patients on EID. This analysis aimed to determine whether natalizumab EID is associated with reduced PML risk compared with SID.MethodsInvestigators developed SID and EID definitions and finalised the statistical analysis plan while blinded to PML events. Average dosing intervals (ADIs) were ≥3 to<5 weeks for SID and >5 to≤12 weeks for EID. The primary analysis assessed ADI in the last 18 months of infusion history. The secondary analysis identified any prolonged period of EID at any time in the infusion history. The tertiary analysis assessed ADI over the full infusion history. Only anti-JC virus antibody positive (JCV Ab+) patients with dosing intervals≥3 to≤12 weeks were included. PML hazard ratios (HRs) were compared using adjusted Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier estimates.ResultsAnalyses included 13,132 SID and 1988 EID patients (primary), 15,424 SID and 3331 EID patients (secondary), and 23,168 SID and 815 EID patients (tertiary). In primary analyses, ADI (days) was 30 for SID and 37 for EID; median exposure (months) was 44 for SID and 59 for EID. Most EID patients received >2 years SID prior to EID. The PML HR (95% CI) was 0.06 (0.01–0.22; p<0.001) for primary analysis and 0.12 (0.05–0.29; p<0.001) for secondary analysis (both in favour of EID); no EID PML cases were observed in tertiary analyses (Kaplan-Meier log-rank test p=0.02).ConclusionIn JCV Ab +patients, natalizumab EID is associated with a clinically and statistically significant reduction in PML risk as compared with SID. As TOUCH does not collect effectiveness data, further studies are needed.Study supportBiogen

Survival Outcomes for Induction vs Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Maxillary Sinus

2018 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 658-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe Kuo ◽  
Sina J. Torabi ◽  
Dennis Kraus ◽  
Benjamin L. Judson
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Induction Chemotherapy ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier

Objective In advanced maxillary sinus cancers treated with surgery and radiotherapy, poor local control rates and the potential for organ preservation have prompted interest in the use of systemic therapy. Our objective was to present outcomes for induction compared to adjuvant chemotherapy in the maxillary sinus. Study Design Secondary database analysis. Setting National Cancer Database (NCDB). Subjects and Methods In total, 218 cases of squamous cell maxillary sinus cancer treated with surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy between 2004 and 2012 were identified from the NCDB and stratified into induction chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy cohorts. Univariate Kaplan-Meier analyses were compared by log-rank test, and multivariate Cox regression was performed to evaluate overall survival when adjusting for other prognostic factors. Propensity score matching was also used for further comparison. Results Twenty-three patients received induction chemotherapy (10.6%) and 195 adjuvant chemotherapy (89.4%). The log-rank test comparing induction to adjuvant chemotherapy was not significant ( P = .076). In multivariate Cox regression when adjusting for age, sex, race, comorbidity, grade, insurance, and T/N stage, there was a significant mortality hazard ratio of 2.305 for adjuvant relative to induction chemotherapy (confidence interval, 1.076-4.937; P = .032). Conclusion Induction chemotherapy was associated with improved overall survival in comparison to adjuvant chemotherapy in a relatively small cohort of patients (in whom treatment choice cannot be characterized), suggesting that this question warrants further investigation in a controlled clinical trial before any recommendations are made.

scholarly journals Cox proportion hazard model for patients with hepatitis disease in Iraq

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 612-617
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Survival Function ◽  
Hazard Model ◽  
Cox Regression Model ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Kaplan Meier

Cox regression model have been used to estimate proportion hazard model for patients with hepatitis disease recorded in Gastrointestinal and Hepatic diseases Hospital in Iraq for (2002 -2005). Data consists of (age, gender, survival time terminal stat). A Kaplan-Meier method has been applied to estimate survival function and hazerd function.

scholarly journals Prognostic implications of alcohol dehydrogenases in hepatocellular carcinoma

BMC Cancer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangye Liu ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
Delong Kong ◽  
Hongjuan You ◽  
Fanyun Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenases ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Prognostic Implications

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy with high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) are huge family of dehydrogenase enzymes and associated with the prognosis of various cancers. However, comprehensive analysis of prognostic implications related to ADHs in HCC is still lacking and largely unknown. Methods The expression profiles and corresponding clinical information of HCC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was employed to evaluate the expression of ADHs. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to investigate the association between clinicopathological characteristics and survival. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analyses were performed and visualized using R/BiocManager package. Results We found that the expression of ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH1C, ADH4, and ADH6 was significantly downregulated in HCC samples compared to normal liver samples. Our univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses results showed that high expression of ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH1C, ADH4, and ADH6 was considered as an independent factor with an improved prognosis for the survival of HCC patients. Moreover, our Kaplan-Meier analysis results also revealed that high expression of AHD1A, ADH1B, ADH1C, ADH4, and ADH6 was significantly associated with good survival rate in HCC patients. In addition, GO, KEGG, and GSEA analyses unveiled several oncogenic signaling pathways were negatively associated high expression of ADHs in HCC. Conclusion In the present study, our results provide the potential prognostic biomarkers or molecular targets for the patients with HCC.

scholarly journals Lymphopenia Is Associated with Gross Target Volumes and Fractions in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Treated with External Beam Radiation Therapy and Also Indicates Worse Overall Survival

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Ge Zhang ◽  
Ping Yang ◽  
Tao Jiang ◽  
Jian-Ying Zhang ◽  
Xue-Juan Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
External Beam Radiation ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Target Volumes ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose. To investigate whether lymphocyte nadir induced by radiation is associated with survival and explore its underlying risk factors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods. Total lymphocyte counts were collected from 184 HCC patients treated by radiotherapy (RT) with complete follow-up. Associations between gross tumor volumes (GTVs) and radiation-associated parameters with lymphocyte nadir were evaluated by Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression. Kaplan–Meier analysis, log-rank test, as well as univariate and multivariate Cox regression were performed to assess the relationship between lymphocyte nadir and overall survival (OS). Results. GTVs and fractions were negatively related with lymphocyte nadir (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). Lymphocyte nadir and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage were independent prognostic factors predicting OS of HCC patients (all p<0.001). Patients in the GTV ≤55.0 cc and fractions ≤16 groups were stratified by lymphocyte nadir, and the group with the higher lymphocyte counts (LCs) showed longer survival than the group with lower LCs (p<0.001 and p=0.006, respectively). Patient distribution significantly differed among the RT fraction groups according to BCLC stage (p<0.001). However, stratification of patients in the same BCLC stage by RT fractionation showed that the stereotactic body RT (SBRT) group achieved the best survival. Furthermore, there were significant differences in lymphocyte nadir among patients in the SBRT group. Conclusions. A lower lymphocyte nadir during RT was associated with worse survival among HCC patients. Smaller GTVs and fractions reduced the risk of lymphopenia.

Prognostic value of D-dimer/fibrinogen ratio in the adverse outcomes of patients hospitalized for heart failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 1733-1745
Author(s):  
Tian-Jun Zhao ◽  
Qian-Kun Yang ◽  
Chun-Yu Tan ◽  
Li-Dan Bi ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Prognostic Indicator ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
D Dimer

Aim: To evaluate the clinical value of plasma D-dimer/fibrinogen ratio (DFR) in patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF). Methods: Clinical data of 235 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used to identify significant prognosticators. Results: The Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that a higher DFR level was significantly associated with an increase in the end point outcomes, including HF readmission, thrombotic events and death (log-rank test: p < 0.001). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the high tertile of DFR was significantly associated with the study end points (HR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.31–3.62; p = 0.003), compared with the low tertile. Conclusion: DFR is a reliable prognostic indicator for patients hospitalized for HF.

scholarly journals Occurrence of preterm calving in Great Britain and associations with milk production and reproductive performance in dairy cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Filipa Damaso ◽  
Martina Velasova ◽  
Steven Van Winden ◽  
Yu-mei Chang ◽  
Javier Guitian
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Butter Fat ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
On Farm

This study describes the occurrence of preterm calving in Great Britain and evaluates its associations with subsequent milk production and reproductive performances and survival on farm of dairy cows. A total of 53 British dairy farms and 5759 animals with detailed breeding and milk recording data available were used to form two study groups: preterm calving (calving occurring between days 266 and 277 of gestation) and full-term calving (calving occurring at 278 days of gestation and over). Mixed effects models were implemented to compare milk production, clinical cases of mastitis and number of services per conception between groups. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analyses compared time from calving to conception, calving interval and survival on farm between groups. Preterm calving cows showed significantly lower milk yield (P<0.01) and butter fat per cent (P=0.02), increased milk protein per cent (P=0.01), longer survival on farm (P<0.01), and a tendency for shorter calving to conception intervals and fewer services per conception, although other factors were involved in the reproduction outcomes. Experiencing a preterm calving is associated with lower milk production and longer survival times on farm. Potential risk factors for preterm calving, such as infectious diseases, diet and husbandry practices, should be further investigated.

scholarly journals Increased RCAS1 Expression Is Associated with Advanced Histopathological Stage and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Gastric Adenocarcinoma

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantinos Giaginis ◽  
Themistoclis Efkarpidis ◽  
Paraskevi Alexandrou ◽  
Efstratios Patsouris ◽  
Gregory Kouraklis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Expression Levels

Background. The receptor-binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells (RCAS1) is a human tumor-associated antigen that has been considered to play a crucial role in tumor progression by enabling cancer cells to evade immune surveillance. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of the RCAS1 expression in gastric adenocarcinoma.Material and Methods. RCAS1 protein expression was assessed immunohistochemically on 54 gastric adenocarcinoma tissue samples and was analyzed in relation to clinicopathological parameters, tumor proliferative capacity, and patients’ survival.Results. Enhanced RCAS1 expression levels were significantly associated with advanced histopathological stage and presence of organ metastasis (P=0.0084andP=0.0327). Gastric cancer patients with elevated RCAS1 expression levels showed significantly shorter survival times compared to those with low RCAS1 expression (log-rank test,P=0.0168). In multivariate analysis, histopathological stage and grade of differentiation as well as the RCAS1 expression were identified as independent prognostic factors (Cox regression analysis,P=0.0204,P=0.0035, andP=0.0081).Conclusions. Our data support the evidence that RCAS1 upregulation may contribute to gastric malignant progression, representing a useful biomarker to predict the biological behaviour and prognosis in gastric neoplasia.

Improved Overall Survival in Myeloma Patients Treated with Regimens Including Thalidomide/Revlimid/Velcade Vs Melphalan/Prednisone; a Retrospective Analysis.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 4961-4961
Author(s):  
Pandora Ashley ◽  
Mark Holguin ◽  
Juhee Song
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
High Dose Chemotherapy ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Stem Cell Rescue ◽  
Kaplan Meier

Abstract Abstract 4961 A retrospective study was conducted to ascertain if the use of thalidomide, revlimid and or velcade was associated with improved survival compared to melphalan and prednisone or vincristine, adriamycin and dexamethasone (VAD). To avoid possible confounding issues of treatment with high dose chemotherapy and stem cell rescue, those patients were excluded from this analysis. From 1997 to 2003, 98 patients diagnosed with myeloma and treated at Scott & White Memorial Hospital using non-transplant containing regimens were identified through the Scott & White Tumor Registry. Patients were divided into two groups based on treatment received. One group was treated with melphalan and prednisone or VAD chemotherapy (59 patients) and the second group was treated with regimens that included thalidomide, revlimid, or velcade (39 patients). Median survival times were estimated for the entire cohort and each treatment group. Kaplan-Meier estimates of the survival by treatment received were estimated and log-rank test was performed to compare the survival distributions of the two treatment groups. Five year survivals of the 2 groups were compared using the Z test. Median follow-up time for the entire cohort is 32.6 months (95% CI: 24.4-37.6) Median survivals are 38.7 months (95% CI 32.7-58.5) for the thalidomide/revlimid/velcade group and 24.4 months (95% CI: 14.4-35.7) for the melphalan and prednisone or VAD group. Five year Kaplan-Meier survival estimates are 0.3452 (95% CI: 0.2007-0.4945) for the thalidomide/revlimid/velcade group and 0.1325 (95% CI: 0.0593-0.2354) for the melphalan and prednisone or VAD group. The difference in survival between the two groups is statistically significant with p value of 0.0179. In this retrospective analysis, treatment with newer agents such as thalidomide, revlimid or velcade is associated with a significant improvement in survival compared to melphalan and prednisone or VAD. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Prognostic value of immunohistochemical phenotypes (IP) of 141 operable breast cancer patients (pts) included in phase III trials of adjuvant therapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 21040-21040
Author(s):  
R. Trujillo ◽  
E. Gallego ◽  
A. Márquez ◽  
N. Ribelles ◽  
J. Trigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Prognostic Effect ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Phase Iii Trials ◽  
Her 2

21040 Background: Gene expression arrays and IP studies classified breast cancer in three distinct subtypes: basal, HER2/neu and luminal that are associated with different clinical outcomes. Methods: In 141 pts with operable breast cancer, included in phase III trials of adjuvant therapy in our center, immunohistochemical staining was performed on 3μm sections of paraffin blocks, containing tissue-arrays of tumour tissue.A basal phenotype (BP) was defined by negative estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) and positive cytokeratin (CK) 5/6 or EGFR immunoreactivity. HER2/neu phenotype as positive c-erb B2 by HercepTest™ and luminal phenotype (LP) by positive ER, PR and CK 7/8 and negative HER-2. Survival curves were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The differences between survivals were estimated using the log rank test. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate any independent prognostic effect of the variables on disease-free survival (DFS). Results: Complete clinical follow-up information was available for 141 pts. The median follow-up period was 52 months (range 1–103 months). During this period, 13.8% pts died from breast cancer and 27.7% pts relapsed. At the time of the primary diagnosis 10.4% of the pts had lymph node negative disease and 89.6% had positive lymph nodes. 50.8% pts received taxane chemotherapy, 7.7% Trastuzumab, 62.3% radiotherapy and 61% pts received hormonotherapy. Positivity for LP was 65.2%, BP 9.9% and Her-2 phenotype 8.5%. 16.3% didn't fit for any of the three subtypes. Median DFS for BP: 24 moths, for LP and Her-2 phenotypes median DFS was not reached. 5 years DFS were; BP: 19%, LP: 63% and Her-2: 56%. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses demonstrated that the presence of a detectable BP was highly significantly associated with a worse DFS compared with the presence of a LP, log rank test (p= 0.0001). Multivariate Cox regression analyses estimated that the prognostic effect of BP in relation to DFS was independent of lymph node, stage and tumor size, HR: 0.12 95% CI (0.05–0.2). Conclusions: We found that expression of BP was associated with poor prognostic in the context of randomized phase III trials. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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