Comparative genomic analysis of gene clusters of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that define specific biofilm formation in deciphering target regions for novel treatment options
Abstract Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen associated with numerous nosocomial infections that are difficult to treat as a result of natural resistance to various antibiotics, particularly because of biofilm formation. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution of biofilm formation genes in sequences of this opportunistic pathogen and their association with different ecological niches. In total, 13 genes responsible for biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa were identified and used in the study. They were clustered into seven categories based on the role they play in the biofilm formation process. The study also analyzed 185 complete genome sequences of P. aeruginosa strains retrieved from the NCBI and IPCD databases. These were classified into 14 categories based on the ecological niches they occupy. Results Phylogenetic analyses of the biofilm formation genes indicated a strong co-evolution of a majority of these genes, n=10 . Exceptions were the genes fliC, algD, and algU which may have been exchanged by horizontal gene transfer or evolved faster than the other genes of this functional group as they are more important in terms of a proper response of the biofilm formation to specific environmental stimuli in different habitats. The BLAST Ring Image Generator (BRIG) analysis was used to visualize the distribution of biofilm formation genes between different strains of P. aeruginosa . Conclusions fliC, algD, and algU genes were identified as potential targets for antibiofilm therapies. These findings could inform the development of antibiofilm therapies that target processes mediated by these genes. Also, this study provides useful information that can guide the direction of future research.