Arm Activity Measure (ArmA): Psychometric Evaluation of the Swedish Version
Abstract Spasticity after an injury to the central nervous system (CNS) can cause profound disability (1). The prevalence of spasticity differs among various diagnoses, depending on how it is defined. Spasticity is reported to be present in 80% of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) (2, 3), 60% of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) (4), and 30% of patients with stroke (5, 6). The consequences of spasticity in the upper limb (UL) range from reduced grip control to a clenched fist and can prevent prehension and grasp, which are critical for independence in activities of daily living (ADLs) (7). Left untreated, spasticity can lead to severe contractures, deformity, pain, and involuntary movement and severely compromise occupational performance [3, 9-11]. Since being active is fundamentally important for all living beings, and participation in activities is necessary for human physical and mental wellbeing (8), disabling UL spasticity can have devastating consequences.