scholarly journals The Emergence of Linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus Epidermidis in the COVID-19 Hospitalized Intubated Patients in North Khorasan, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Azimian ◽  
Mahsa Khosrojerdi ◽  
Hamed GhasemZadeh-Moghadam ◽  
Hasan NamdarAhmad-Abad ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Linezolid Resistance ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Phenotypic Methods

Abstract BackgroundIn the COVID-19 pandemic from 2019 to date, we confront secondary bacterial and viral infections in SARS-CoV2 infected patients, especially hospitalized patients. Coagulase-negative staphylococci, are commensals of the human body and can lead to infections in immunocompromised patients. The antimicrobial resistance is increasingly reported in coagulase-negative staphylococci, especially in Staphylococcus epidermidis. One of the most critical problems is resistance to linezolid in S. epidermidis, observed in Europe since 2014. The aim of this study was to evaluation of bacterial Co-infections and determination of antimicrobial resistance pattern of co-infection isolated strains in North Khorasan, Iran, in the last six-month period. MethodsAfter microbiological evaluation of pulmonary samples of hospitalized intubated patients with signs of bacterial pneumonia, we found co-infection in 11 of 185 patients with S. epidermidis, S. aureus, and Acinetobacter baumani, respectively. Interestingly seven of nine S. epidermidis isolates were linezolid resistant. For identification of the isolates at the species level, we used phenotypic methods and also the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the atlE gene. Selected isolates were characterized by determining their antimicrobial resistance patterns and using molecular methods including SCCmec typing, detection of ica, mecA, vanA, and cfr genes. ResultsAll isolates were resistant to methicillin, and Seven isolates were resistant to linezolid. It should be noted that all nine isolates were positive for the ica gene. Nine of 11 isolated have belonged to the SCCmec I, and two belonged to the SCCmec IV. It should be noted that all patients had the underlying disease and six patients died.ConclusionThe increasing linezolid resistance in bacterial strains becomes a real threat for patients, and monitoring such infections combined with surveillance and infection prevention programs is very important to decrease the number of linezolid-resistant staphylococcal strains.

scholarly journals First Case of Staphylococci Carrying Linezolid Resistance Genes from Laryngological Infections in Poland

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Michał Michalik ◽  
Maja Kosecka-Strojek ◽  
Mariola Wolska ◽  
Alfred Samet ◽  
Adrianna Podbielska-Kubera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Linezolid Resistance ◽  
First Case ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Linezolid is currently used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-positive cocci. Both linezolid-resistant S. aureus (LRSA) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) strains have been collected worldwide. Two isolates carrying linezolid resistance genes were recovered from laryngological patients and characterized by determining their antimicrobial resistance patterns and using molecular methods such as spa typing, MLST, SCCmec typing, detection of virulence genes and ica operon expression, and analysis of antimicrobial resistance determinants. Both isolates were multidrug resistant, including resistance to methicillin. The S. aureus strain was identified as ST-398/t4474/SCCmec IVe, harboring adhesin, hemolysin genes, and the ica operon. The S. haemolyticus strain was identified as ST-42/mecA-positive and harbored hemolysin genes. Linezolid resistance in S. aureus strain was associated with the mutations in the ribosomal proteins L3 and L4, and in S. haemolyticus, resistance was associated with the presence of cfr gene. Moreover, S. aureus strain harbored optrA and poxtA genes. We identified the first case of staphylococci carrying linezolid resistance genes from patients with chronic sinusitis in Poland. Since both S. aureus and CoNS are the most common etiological factors in laryngological infections, monitoring of such infections combined with surveillance and infection prevention programs is important to decrease the number of linezolid-resistant staphylococcal strains.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance inStaphylococcus aureusand Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Goats with Subclinical Mastitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Virdis ◽  
Christian Scarano ◽  
Francesca Cossu ◽  
Vincenzo Spanu ◽  
Carlo Spanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Antimicrobial resistance patterns and gene coding for methicillin resistance (mecA) were determined in 25S. aureusand 75 Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS) strains isolates from half-udder milk samples collected from goats with subclinical mastitis. Fourteen (56.0%)S. aureusand thirty-one (41.3%) CNS isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents.S. aureusshowed the highest resistance rate against kanamycin (28.0%), oxytetracycline (16.0%), and ampicillin (12.0%). The CNS tested were more frequently resistant to ampicillin (36.0%) and kanamycin (6.7%). Multiple antimicrobial resistance was observed in eight isolates, and oneStaphylococcus epidermidiswas found to be resistant to six antibiotics. ThemecAgene was not found in any of the tested isolates. Single resistance againstβ-lactamics or aminoglicosides is the most common trait observed while multiresistance is less frequent.

Comparison of Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Occurrence of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella in Antimicrobial-Free and Conventional Pig Production

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
WONDWOSSEN A. GEBREYES ◽  
SIDDHARTHA THAKUR ◽  
W. E. MORGAN MORROW
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Swine Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conventional Farms ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
On Farm

Conventional swine production evolved to routinely use antimicrobials, and common occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella has been reported. There is a paucity of information on the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in swine production in the absence of antimicrobial selective pressure. Therefore, we compared the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from antimicrobial-free and conventional production systems. A total of 889 pigs and 743 carcasses were sampled in the study. Salmonella prevalence was significantly higher among the antimicrobial-free systems (15.2%) than the conventional systems (4.2%) (odds ratio [OR] = 4.23; P < 0.05). Antimicrobial resistance was detected against 10 of the 12 antimicrobials tested. The highest frequency of resistance was found against tetracycline (80%), followed by streptomycin (43.4%) and sulfamethoxazole (36%). Frequency of resistance to most classes of antimicrobials (except tetracycline) was significantly higher among conventional farms than antimicrobial-free farms, with ORs ranging from 2.84 for chloramphenicol to 23.22 for kanamycin at the on-farm level. A total of 28 antimicrobial resistance patterns were detected. A resistance pattern with streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline (n = 130) was the most common multidrug resistance pattern. There was no significant difference in the proportion of isolates with this pattern between the conventional (19.5%) and the antimicrobial-free systems (18%) (OR = 1.8; P > 0.05). A pentaresistance pattern with ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline was strongly associated with antimicrobial-free groups (OR = 5.4; P = 0.01). While showing the higher likelihood of finding antimicrobial resistance among conventional herds, this study also implies that specific multidrug-resistant strains may occur on antimicrobial-free farms. A longitudinal study with a representative sample size is needed to reach more conclusive results of the associations detected in this study.

Identification of Hemolysin encoding Genes and their Association with Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern among Clinical Isolates of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Nasaj ◽  
Zahra Saeidi ◽  
Babak Asghari ◽  
Ghodratollah Roshanaei ◽  
Mohammad Arabestani
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Significant Issue ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Encoding Genes

Abstract Objection : Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are considered opportunistic pathogens which capable of producing several toxins, enzymes and also resistance genes. The current study aimed to determine the occurrence of different hemolysins and patterns of antibiotic resistance among CoNS species. Results : The highest frequency of antibiotic resistance was observed against cefoxitin in 49 isolates (53.8%), and the lowest resistance was against novobiocin in 5 isolates (5.5%). None of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin. The prevalence of hla, hla_yidD, hld, and hlb genes were determined as 87.9%, 62.6%, 56%, and 47.3%, respectively. The hla/yidD and hld genes were detected in 69.4% of S. epidermidis and the hla gene in 94.6% of S. haemolyticus ; hlb gene was detected in 53.1% of the S. epidermidis isolates. mecA gene was identified in 50 (55%) of the CoNS isolates. In conclusion, the results of statistical analysis showed that the hld gene had a significant association with resistance to levofloxacin and erythromycin and the hlb with clindamycin resistance. The results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between hemolysin encoding genes and antibiotic resistance patterns; therefore, detection of virulence factors associated with antibiotic resistance has become a significant issue of concern.

scholarly journals Presence and antimicrobial resistance of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from animals in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Cyprus

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
H Sukur ◽  
OM Esendal
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a group of commensal microorganisms residing on the skin and mucous membranes of both humans and animals. Until recently, they have been regarded as non-pathogenic to livestock and companion animals, but since then, their clinical importance in veterinary medicine has increased with the discovery of their potential pathogenic roles in animals causing skin and soft tissue infections together with spontaneous abortions and mastitis. Scientific data concerning the presence of CoNS in North Cyprus are very limited. Therefore, the purpose of the study reported herein was to investigate the presence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of CoNS species isolated from various animals presented at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital in North Cyprus between July 2018 and 2019. Staphylococci were isolated from 37.0% (87/235) of the samples submitted, within which 60.9% (53/87) and 39.1% (34/87) were identified as coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), respectively. Among the CoNS, S. chromogenes was the most predominantly isolated species (14/34, 41.2%), followed by S. capitis (5/34, 14.7%) and S. simulans (4/34, 11.8%). Of these 34 CoNS, 24 (70.6%) and 10 (29.4%) were identified as MRCoNS and MSCoNS, respectively. The CoNS isolates showed relatively high levels of resistance towards amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (19/34, 55.9%), tetracycline (14/34, 41.2%) and penicillin (13/34, 38.2%). In conclusion, the presence of CoNS, especially MRCoNS, and the detection of multiple drug resistant (MDR) species with a high prevalence were regarded as being important since they might limit and have negative effects on the therapeutic treatment options of staphylococcal infections in animals, and might have both public and veterinary concerns.

scholarly journals Biofilm Production and Antimicrobial Resistance among Uropathogens in Pediatric Cases: a Hospital Based Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-183
Author(s):  
Dhiraj Shrestha ◽  
Pratigya Thapa ◽  
Dinesh Bhandari ◽  
Hiramani Parajuli ◽  
Prakash Chaudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Background: The study was designed to provide account of etiological agents of urinary tract infection in pediatric patients and the antimicrobial resistance pattern plus biofilm producing profile of the isolates.Methods: The prospective study was conducted in Alka Hospital, Nepal with 353 clean catch urine samples from children. It was obtained during July 2014 to January 2015 which were first cultured by semi-quantitative method, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and biofilm production assay on Congo red agar. Multidrug- resistance, extensively drug- resistance and pandrug- resistance among isolates were considered as per international consensus.Results: Out of 353 samples, 64 (18.13%) showed positive growth in culture, confirming urinary tract infection. E. coli, 44 (68.8%) was the predominant organism followed by Klebsiella spp. 6 (14.1%). Most E. coli were sensitive to amikacin (93.2%) followed by nitrofurantoin (86.4%), and highly resistant to ampicillin (95.5%). Of 64 isolates, 23 (35.93%) were found to be multidrug- resistant strains. Biofilm was produced by 36 (56.25%) isolates.Conclusions: This study showed higher biofilm production and resistance to in-use antibiotics rendering ineffective for empirical use. Regular surveillance of resistance patterns should be done to regulate multidrug- resistant bugs and to ensure effective management of urinary tract infection in children in a tertiary care setups.Keywords: AMR; antimicrobial resistance; biofilm; urinary tract infection; UTI.

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