scholarly journals Polyhydroxyalkanoate Recovery From Newly Screened Bacillus Sp. LPPI-81 Using Various Methods of Extraction From Loktak Lake Sediment Sample

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seid Mohammed Ebu ◽  
Lopamudra Ray
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nile Blue ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Sudan Black B ◽  
Paenibacillus Sp

Abstract Nowadays the conventional plastic wastes are very challenging to environments and its production cost also creates an economic crisis due to petrochemical-based plastic. In order to solve this problem, the current studies were aimed at screening and characterizing these PHA producing isolates and evaluating the suitability of some carbon source for newly screened PHA producing isolates. Some carbon sources such as D-fructose, glucose, molasses, D-ribose and sucrose were evaluated for PHA production. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The 16SrRNA gene sequence of these isolates was performed. This newly isolated taxa was related to Bacillus species. It was designed as Bacillus sp. LPPI-18 and affiliated Bacillus cereus ATCC 14577T (AE01687) (99.10%). Paenibacillus sp. 172 (AF273740.1) was used as an out-group. Bacillus sp. LPPI-18 is a gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore former, and citrate test positive. This isolate showed positive for amylase, catalase, pectinase, and protease test. They produced intracellular PHA granules when this isolate was stained with Sudan Black B (SBB) and Nile Blue A (NBA) preliminary and specific staining dyes, respectively. Both Temperature and pH used to affect PHA productivity. Bacteria are able to reserve PHA in the form of granules during stress conditions. This isolate produces only when supplied with carbon sources. More PHA contents (PCs) were obtained from glucose, molasses, and D-fructose. In this regard, the maximum mean value of PC was obtained from glucose (40.55±0.7%) and the minimum was obtained from D-Ribose (12.4±1.4%). Great variations (p≤0.05) of PCs were observed among glucose & sucrose, molasses & sucrose and D-fructose & sucrose carbon sources for PHA productivity (PP) of Cell Dry Weight (CDW) g/L. After extraction, PHA film was produced for this typical isolate using glucose as a sole carbon source. Fourier transform infrared spectrum was performed for this isolate and showed the feature of polyester at 1719.64 to 1721.16 wavelength for these extracted samples. The peak of fingerprinting (band of carboxylic acid group) at this wave-length is a characteristic feature of PHB and corresponds to the ester functional group (C=O).

ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION POLYHYDROBUTYRATE (PHB) PRODUCING BACTERIA FROM WASTE COOKING OIL USING POMEGRANATE MOLASSES AS CARBON SOURCE

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Muftah Zargoun ◽  
Nor Azimah Mohd Zain ◽  
Shafinaz Shahir
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nile Blue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Sudan Black B ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

In this study, a polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) producing bacterium was isolated from waste cooking oil and characterized for its morphological and biochemical properties. Staining methods utilizing Sudan Black B and Nile Blue A were used on isolated bacterium to demonstrate good capability for synthesizing PHB. It was shown that the isolated bacterium species was related to Bacillus thuringiensis LMA by using 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis. During the stationary phase, the Bacillus strain was subjected to 10 % (w/v) of pomegranate molasses as a carbon source and 5 g/L of peptone as a nitrogen source. 2 ml of batch fermentation was collected. Samples were collected twice during the incubation period for detection of PHB using Sudan Black B. The PHB production accounted for up to 57.45% of the cell dry weight. The PHB produced was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). The drastic absorption band at approximately 1717 cm-1 indicated the stretching vibration of C=O group in PHB polyester, while the functional groups of PHB were identified methyl (-CH3) at 1.28 ppm, methylene (-CH2) 2.0 and 2.5 ppm, and methylene doublet group (CH3) at 5.3 ppm.

Statistical Analysis of Growth and Amylase Production by Aspergillus flavus grown on Different Carbon Sources

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M O Oyewale
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Amylase Production ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Cassava Peel

The mycelial dry weight and dinitrosalicylic acid (D.N.S.A.) method was used to determine growth and amylase production by Aspergillus flavus grown on different carbon sources. Growth of the fungus was determined at 24 h intervals over a period of six days by the dry mycelial weight methods, while the amylase activity in the culture filtrates of A. flavus was determined by the D.N.S.A method. A total of 45 samples were prepared to determine growth and amylase activity of Aspergillus flavus grown on different carbon sources. The concentration of the various carbon sources ranges between 0.4 to 2% W/V. Duncan’s multiple range test was used to determine the level of significance of the different carbon sources for effective growth and amylase production by Aspergillus flavus. Aspergillus flavus demonstrated the capability to produce significant growth and amylase activities in the medium containing soluble starch, sorghum and cassava peel as sole carbon source. The amount of mycelial dry weight produced from soluble starch, sorghum and cassava peel is significantly higher than those produced from other carbon sources. The data revealed that there is a correlation between growth and amylase production by Aspergillus flavus. The available data from this study showed that soluble starch is the best carbon source for optimum growth and amylase production by A flavus while sorghum and cassava peel are close substitute for optimum growth and amylase production by Aspergillus flavus. Keywords: Growth, amylase activity and Aspergillus flavus

The assimilation of bicarbonate by Neocosmospora vasinfecta

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Budd
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
End Products ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Exogenous Nitrogen

The assimilation of 14C-bicarbonate under controlled conditions was examined in midlog-phase mycelium grown on dextrose as sole carbon source. Sustained assimilation depended on the presence of exogenous nitrogen and carbon sources. When these were provided, assimilation rates of 20–30 μmoles/hour per 100 mg dry weight were maintained for at least 4 hours. After the second hour, almost all of the assimilated bicarbonate-C entered the 80% ethanol-insoluble fraction. Amino acids, especially aspartic and glutamic, were the main destination of assimilated bicarbonate-C; nucleic acids and acids of the tricarboxylic acid cycle accounted for smaller amounts of this carbon. The apparent Km for overall assimilation was 1.4 – 2.2 × 10−4 M with respect to bicarbonate.Assimilation was inhibited by inhibitors of protein synthesis, especially actidione and p-fluorophenylalanine. Evidence was obtained for regulation of assimilation by its end products, and also by the carbon source on which the mycelium was grown. It is concluded that assimilation of bicarbonate or CO2 has an anaplerotic function during protein synthesis in this organism.

The Influence of Different Carbon Sources for Polyhydroxyalkanoates Storage

2015 ◽  
Vol 1088 ◽  
pp. 587-590
Author(s):  
Yan Ping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sodium Propionate ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Pha Production

The influence of different carbon sources such as glucose, sodium acetate, sodium propionate and ethanol for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) storage were studied in details. It was shown that both the cell content and composition of PHA synthesized by microorganisms in activated sludge were different when different carbon sources were used. PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate) was the main PHA if sodium acetate was used as carbon source, while PHV (polydroxyvalerate) become the main PHA when sodium propionate was used. Sodium acetate and sodium propionate as carbon source had higher PHA production, which reached to 40.89% and 40.96% sludge dry weight, respectively . When ethanol used as carbon source, PHA content was 25.69% sludge dry weight. The minimal PHA storage was 20.14% sludge dry weight when glucose was used.

scholarly journals Rapeseed Post-Frying Oil from Fish Fillets as a Carbon Source in Microbial Oil Synthesis

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Agata Fabiszewska ◽  
Katarzyna Wierzchowska ◽  
Agnieszka Górska ◽  
Bartłomiej Zieniuk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Microbial Oil ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Fish Fillets ◽  
Single Cell Oils ◽  
Unconventional Method

Microbial oils, also called single-cell oils, are lipids synthesized by microorganisms exceeding 20% of the dry weight of the cell. The aim of this work was to investigate the possibility of applying a rapeseed post-frying oil from fish fillets as a carbon source in growth medium for Yarrowia lipolytica oleaginous yeast species in order to synthesize a microbial oil. The key contribution of this work is that the solution provides a sustainable method for valorization of post-frying waste oil. Shaken batch cultures were provided and the influence of triacylglyceride hydrolysis on yeast growth was evaluated. In conclusion, post-frying rapeseed oil seems to be an easily utilizable carbon source by yeast. Regardless of the method of lipid substrate pretreatment, the yeast strain preferentially accumulated oleic acid (C18: 1) from 52.07% to 66.62% and linoleic acid (C18: 2) from 12.98% to 24.10%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of using the oxygen nanobubbles as an unconventional method of aerating the culture medium containing lipid carbon sources. The use of water oxygenated with nano-sized bubbles to prepare culture media resulted in obtaining a higher yield of biomass compared to the biomass yield in distilled water-based medium.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production using wastewater as carbon source and activated sludge as microorganisms

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yan ◽  
R.D. Tyagi ◽  
R.Y. Surampalli
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
High Concentration

Activated sludge from different full-scale wastewater treatment plants (municipal, pulp and paper industry, starch manufacturing and cheese manufacturing wastewaters) was used as a source of microorganisms to produce biodegradable plastics in shake flask experiments. Acetate, glucose and different wastewaters were used as carbon sources. Pulp and paper wastewater sludge was found to accumulate maximum concentration (43% of dry weight of suspended solids) of polyhydroxy alkanoates (PHA) with acetate as carbon source. Among the different wastewaters tested as a source of carbon, pulp and paper industry and starch industry wastewaters were found to be the best source of carbon while employing pulp and paper activated sludge for maximum accumulation of PHA. High concentration of volatile fatty acids in these wastewaters was the probable reason.

Effect of carbon source on Phenobarbital metabolism by Rhizopus stolonifer

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1022-1027
Author(s):  
Kavitha K ◽  
Asha S ◽  
Hima Bindu T.V.L ◽  
Vidyavathi M
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Microbial Model

The safety and efficacy of a drug is based on its metabolism or metabolite formed. The metabolism of drugs can be studied by different in vitro models, among which microbial model became popular. In the present study, eight microbes were screened for their ability to metabolize phenobarbital in a manner comparable to humans with a model to develop alternative systems to study human drug metabolism. Among the different microbes screened, a filamentous fungi Rhizopus stolonifer metabolized phenobarbital to its metabolite which is used for further pharmacological and toxicological studies. The transformation of phenobarbital was identified by high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Interestingly, Rhizopus stolonifer sample showed an extra metabolite peak at 3.11min. compared to its controls. The influence of different carbon sources in media used for growth of fungus, on metabolite production was studied, to find its effect in production of metabolite as the carbon source may influence the growth of the cell.

scholarly journals Denitrification Control in a Recirculating Aquaculture System—A Simulation Study

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1306
Author(s):  
Pedro Almeida ◽  
Laurent Dewasme ◽  
Alain Vande Wouwer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture System ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Tuning Method ◽  
Recirculating Aquaculture ◽  
Aquaculture System

The recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) is a land-based water treatment technology, which allows for farming aquatic organisms, such as fish, by reusing the water in the production (often less than 5%). This technology is based on the use of filters, either mechanical or biological, and can, in principle, be used for any species grown in aquaculture. Due to the low recirculation rate, ammonia accumulates in the system and must be converted into nitrate using nitrification reactors. Although less toxic for fish, nitrate can also be further reduced into nitrogen gas by the use of denitrification biofilters which may create several issues, such as incomplete denitrification, resulting in toxic substances, such as nitrite and nitric oxide, or a waste of carbon source in excess. Control of the added quantity of carbon source in the denitrification biofilter is then mandatory to keep nitrate/nitrite concentrations under toxic levels for fish and in accordance with local effluent regulations, and to reduce costs related to wasted organic carbon sources. This study therefore investigates the application of different control methodologies to a denitrification reactor in a RAS. To this end, a numerical simulator is built to predict the RAS behavior and to allow for the comparison of different control approaches, in the presence of changes in the operating conditions, such as fish density and biofilter removal efficiency. First, a classical proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller was designed, based on an SIMC tuning method depending on the amount of ammonia excreted by fish. Then, linearizing and cascade controllers were considered as possible alternatives.

scholarly journals The carbon source-dependent pattern of antimicrobial activity and gene expression in Pseudomonas donghuensis P482

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Matuszewska ◽  
Tomasz Maciąg ◽  
Magdalena Rajewska ◽  
Aldona Wierzbicka ◽  
Sylwia Jafra
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Unknown Compound ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPseudomonas donghuensis P482 is a tomato rhizosphere isolate with the ability to inhibit growth of bacterial and fungal plant pathogens. Herein, we analysed the impact of the carbon source on the antibacterial activity of P482 and expression of the selected genes of three genomic regions in the P482 genome. These regions are involved in the synthesis of pyoverdine, 7-hydroxytropolone (7-HT) and an unknown compound (“cluster 17”) and are responsible for the antimicrobial activity of P482. We showed that the P482 mutants, defective in these regions, show variations and contrasting patterns of growth inhibition of the target pathogen under given nutritional conditions (with glucose or glycerol as a carbon source). We also selected and validated the reference genes for gene expression studies in P. donghuensis P482. Amongst ten candidate genes, we found gyrB, rpoD and mrdA the most stably expressed. Using selected reference genes in RT-qPCR, we assessed the expression of the genes of interest under minimal medium conditions with glucose or glycerol as carbon sources. Glycerol was shown to negatively affect the expression of genes necessary for 7-HT synthesis. The significance of this finding in the light of the role of nutrient (carbon) availability in biological plant protection is discussed.

Development of mutants of Gliocladium virens tolerant to benomyl

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 484-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Papavizas ◽  
D. P. Roberts ◽  
K. K. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Gliocladium Virens ◽  
Rhizosphere Competence ◽  
Filter Paper Cellulase ◽  
Type Strains

Aqueous suspensions of conidia of Gliocladium virens strains Gl-3 and Gl-21 were exposed to both ultraviolet radiation and ethyl methanesulfonate. Two mutants of Gl-3 and three of Gl-21 were selected for tolerance to benomyl at 10 μg∙mL−1, as indicated by growth and conidial germination on benomyl-amended potato dextrose agar. The mutants differed considerably from their respective wild-type strains in appearance, growth habit, sporulation, carbon-source utilization, and enzyme activity profiles. Of 10 carbon sources tested, cellobiose, xylose, and xylan were the best for growth, galactose and glucose were intermediate, and arabinose, ribose, and rhamnose were poor sources of carbon. The wild-type strains and the mutants did not utilize cellulose as the sole carbon source for growth. Two benomyl-tolerant mutants of Gl-3 produced less cellulase (β-1,4-glucosidase, carboxymethylcellulase, filter-paper cellulase) than Gl-3. In contrast, mutants of Gl-21 produced more cellulase than the wild-type strain. Only Gl-3 provided control of blight on snapbean caused by Sclerotium rolfsii. Wild-type strain Gl-21 and all mutants from both strains were ineffective biocontrol agents. Key words: Gliocladium, benomyl tolerance, Sclerotium, rhizosphere competence.

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