scholarly journals Projected number of osteoarthritis patients in Austria for the next decades – quantifying the necessity of treatment and prevention strategies in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Hitzl ◽  
Tanja Stamm ◽  
Margreet Kloppenburg ◽  
Markus Ritter ◽  
Martin Gaisberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Far Future

Abstract Background The present study aimed to predict the expected number of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) in Austria up to the year 2080. Methods Demographic data and population projections between 2019 and 2080 were obtained from European authorities. Information about recent age- and sex-stratified prevalence of patients with self-reported physician-diagnosed OA was obtained from the Austrian Health Interview Survey (n=15,771). Projections were stratified by age and sex; sensitivity analyses were performed based on aging (lower), main (most likely), and growth (upper) scenarios of the population. Results Based on the projection, the overall increase in the total number of patients with OA from 2019 to 2080 will be 38% for men and women. In 2019, the highest number of OA-patients nested in the groups of persons aged 70-79 (n=238,749) and 60-69 (n=237,729) years. In 2080, the 80+ age group is predicted to have the highest number of OA with 421,548 individuals (i.e. factor 3.45 and factor 2.48 increase in the male and female group, respectively, compared to 2019), followed by the group aged 70-79 with 314,617 individuals (factor 1.45 and factor 1.28 increase in the male and female group, respectively, compared to 2019). Similar trends were found in the ageing and growing scenarios. Conclusions The projected increase in the occurrence of OA will likely lead to a substantial socioeconomic burden for the Austrian healthcare system in the near and far future. The current findings plead for the development of sustainable concepts for the treatment and prevention of OA by European authorities.

An Analysis of Dental Implants Survival and Success

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2465-2466
Author(s):  
Iustin Olariu ◽  
Roxana Radu ◽  
Teodora Olariu ◽  
Andrada Christine Serafim ◽  
Ramona Amina Popovici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Health Related

Osseointegration of a dental implant may encounter a variety of problems caused by various factors, as prior health-related problems, patients� habits and the technique of the implant inserting. Retrospective cohort study of 70 patients who received implants between January 2011- April 2016 in one dental unit, with Kaplan-Meier method to calculate the probability of implants�s survival at 60 months. The analysis included demographic data, age, gender, medical history, behavior risk factors, type and location of the implant. For this cohort the implants�survival for the first 6 months was 92.86% compared to the number of patients and 97.56% compared to the number of total implants performed, with a cumulative failure rate of 2.43% after 60 months. Failures were focused exclusively on posterior mandible implants, on the percentage of 6.17%, odds ratio (OR) for these failures being 16.76 (P = 0.05) compared with other localisations of implants, exclusively in men with median age of 42 years.

Phytotherapy and Herbal Medicines for Kidney Stones

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Esteban Emiliani ◽  
Adrian Jara ◽  
Andres Koey Kanashiro
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Uric Acid Stones

Background: Kidney stones are one of the oldest known and common diseases in the urinary tract with a prevalence that varies from 1% to 20%. Many phytotherapic and herbal medicines for kidney stones have been described for their treatment and prevention. Objective: The objective of this study is to perform a comprehensive review of several phytotherapic and herbal medicines published including clinical and animal studies. Results: Phytotherapy may influence the risk of recurrence in calcium oxalate and uric acid stones. The most solid evidence suggest that Phyllanthus niruri is one of the most studied components that appear to interfere with the calcium oxalate crystallization, reduced hyperoxaluria and hiperuricosuria and increased shock wave lithotripsy efficacy due to reduced crystallization without significant adverse effects, also Theobromine have shown to reduce the crystallization of uric acid in patients and appears to be a promising supplement to treat such stones. Conclusion: Many phytoterapic and herbal agents have been studies to treat and present urolithiasis, most of them only with studies of small number of patients or in animal models. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to evaluate the effect of these agents in kidney stones.

The Neurobiology of Pain

2019 ◽  
pp. 387-414
Author(s):  
Maria Fitzgerald ◽  
Michael W. Salter
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Pain Pathways ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Age And Sex

The influence of development and sex on pain perception has long been recognized but only recently has it become clear that this is due to specific differences in underlying pain neurobiology. This chapter summarizes the evidence for mechanistic differences in male and female pain biology and for functional changes in pain pathways through infancy, adolescence, and adulthood. It describes how both developmental age and sex determine peripheral nociception, spinal and brainstem processing, brain networks, and neuroimmune pathways in pain. Finally, the chapter discusses emerging evidence for interactions between sex and development and the importance of sex in the short- and long-term effects of early life pain.

scholarly journals Letter to the Editor: Microbiota in the Respiratory System—A Possible Explanation to Age and Sex Variability in Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863612098860
Author(s):  
Vishal Shah
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Adult ◽  
Human Respiratory Tract ◽  
System A ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Age And Sex

The Human respiratory tract is colonized by a variety of microbes and the microbiota change as we age. In this perspective, literature support is presented for the hypothesis that the respiratory system microbiota could explain the differential age and sex breakdown amongst COVID-19 patients. The number of patients in the older and elderly adult group is higher than the other age groups. The perspective presents the possibility that certain genera of bacteria present in the respiratory system microbiota in children and young adults could be directly or through eliciting an immune response from the host, prevent full-fledged infection of SARS-CoV-2. The possibility also exists that the microbiota in older adults and the elderly population have bacteria that make it easier for the virus to cause infection. I call upon the scientific community to investigate the link between human microbiota and SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility to further understand the viral pathogenesis.

Predictive Factors for Patients’ Failure to Show for Initial Outpatient Physical Therapist Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Briggs ◽  
Christine Ulses ◽  
Lucas VanEtten ◽  
Cody Mansfield ◽  
Anthony Ganim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Payer Source

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to xamine primary factors which may predict patients’ failure to show at initial physical therapist evaluation in an orthopedic and sports outpatient setting. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients’ demographic data for physical therapist evaluations between January 2013 and April 2015 was performed. A binary logistic regression model was used to evaluate the odds of a no-show at evaluation. Demographic variables of age, employment status, days waited for the appointment, payer source, and distance traveled to clinic were analyzed. Independent variables were considered significant if the 95% Cis of the odds ratios did not include 1.0. Results A total of 6971 patients were included in the final analysis with 10% (n = 698) of the scheduled patients having a no-show event for their initial evaluation. The following factors increased the odds of patients having a no-show event: days to appointment (OR = 1.058; 95% CI = 1.042 to 1.074), unemployment status (OR = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.41 to 2.73), unknown employment status (OR = 3.22; 95% CI = 1.12 to 8.69), Medicaid insurance (OR = 4.87; 95% CI = 3.43 to 6.93), Medicare insurance (OR = 2.22; 95% CI = 1.10 to 4.49), unknown payer source (OR = 262.84; 95% CI = 188.72 to 366.08), and distance traveled ≥5 miles (OR = 1.31; 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.70). Female sex [OR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.57 to 0.95) and age ≥ 40 years (OR = 0.44; 95% CI = 0.33 to 0.60) decreased the odds of a no-show event. Conclusion Results from this study indicate there may be some demographic factors that are predictive of patients failing to attend their first physical therapist visit. Impact Understanding the predictive factors and identifying potential opportunities for improvements in scheduling processes might help decrease the number of patients failing to show for their initial physical therapy appointment, with the ultimate goal of positively influencing patient outcomes.

scholarly journals GENETIC LINKAGE IN THE HORSE. II. DISTRIBUTION OF MALE RECOMBINATION ESTIMATES AND THE INFLUENCE OF AGE, BREED AND SEX ON RECOMBINATION FREQUENCY

Genetics ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Leif Andersson ◽  
Kaj Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Recombination Frequency ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Male Recombination ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Individual Male ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Age And Sex

ABSTRACT n the present study an extensive amount of data, comprising more than 30,000 offspring in total, was analyzed to evaluate the influence of age and sex on the recombination frequency in the K-PGD segment of the equine linkage group (LG) I and the influence of age, breed and sex on recombination in the Al-Es segment of LG II. A highly significant sex difference is reported for both segments. Male and female recombination values in the K-PGD segment were estimated at 25.8 ± 0.8 and 33.3 ± 2.5%, respectively. Similarly, recombination was less frequent in the male (36.6 ± 0.7%) than in the female (46.6 ± 1.2%) in the Al-Es segment. Comparison of data from two Swedish horse breeds revealed no significant breed differences in either sex for recombination in the Al-Es segment. No evidence of an age effect was found in any segment or sex. The distribution of individual male recombination estimates was also investigated, and a significant heterogeneity among stallions was revealed in the K-PGD segment. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies on factors affecting recombination in mammals.

Game efficiency of elite male sitting volleyball players with regard to athletes’ physical impairment

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Marszałek ◽  
Bartosz Molik ◽  
Miguel-Angel Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
P Value ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Game Analysis ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Continue Research ◽  
Classification Procedures ◽  
Game Performance

The aim of this study was to illustrate differences in game efficiency in sitting volleyball of male and female elite athletes in terms of players’ impairment. Game analysis was conducted during World Championships in Sitting Volleyball in 2014. Modified Game Performance Sheet for Sitting Volleyball was used to assess players’ actions: attack, serve, block, block of serve, defense, and ball receiving. Coleman’s formulas were counted to obtain game efficiency of athletes. In statistics, Kruskal–Wallis test and Bonferroni correction were used (p value was set equal .005 and .003, respectively, in male and female group). 128 male and 91 female sitting volleyball athletes were included into this study. They were divided into groups in terms of impairment. There were no statistically significant differences in anthropometric parameters in male and female groups of players. Also, there were not statistically significant differences in game efficiency between players with different impairments in male as well as in female groups. This study did not confirm the current classification system in sitting volleyball (division into minimal disabled and disabled athletes). There is a need to continue research and find more evidences to substantiate or to change the current classification procedures in classification system in sitting volleyball.

Childhood behaviour and adult personality in male and female subjects

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt Af Klinteberg ◽  
Daisy Schalling ◽  
David Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Ratings ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
Motor Restlessness ◽  
Female Subjects

In a follow‐up study, teacher ratings of behaviour at 13 years of age were analysed in relation to personality factors in adults (mean age 27 years) for a group of 77 male and 84 female subjects. In the male group, ratings of Aggressiveness, Motor Restlessness, and Concentration Dificulties correlated positively with a broad psychopathy‐related factor. Furthermore, ratings of Timidity correlated positively with two anxiety factors. In the female group, ratings of Motor Restlessness correlated positively with an extraversion factor. The rated childhood behaviours and the adult personality factors were assumed to be a differential reflection of vulnerability to externalizing and internalizing psychosocial disturbances.

scholarly journals Check This One out: Analyzing Slang Usage among Iranian Male and Female Teenagers

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Hashemi Shahraki ◽  
Abbass Eslami Rasekh
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
School Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Social ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Female Teenagers ◽  
Age And Sex

Slang usage in modern age Iran is a popular phenomenon among most male and female teenagers. How pervasive this variation of language use is among various age and sex groups in Iran has been a question of debate given the significance of religion in a theological system of social structure. The work presented in this study aims to investigate the effect of age and sex on variability of slang usage. Sixty Iranian participants were selected, and then were divided into three age groups (i.e. primary school, high school, and senior university students) each group consisting of ten males and ten females. A self-made questionnaire in the form of Discourse Completion Test (DCT) describing nine situations of friendly conversations was given to the participants. They were asked to make their choice on the responses, which ranged from formal to very informal style (common teenage slang expressions), or to write down what they wish to say under each circumstance. The results of the chi–square tests indicated that slang usage among high school students is more frequent as compared with other age groups. Unlike the popular belief suggesting that slang is used by boys rather than girls, the findings suggested that young Iranians both male and female use slang as a badge of identity showing their attachment to the social group they wish to be identified with.

scholarly journals Visuospatial Reasoning and Its Relation to External Variables

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (58) ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
Juliana Carnevalli Siqueira Nery ◽  
Fabián Javier Marín Rueda
Keyword(s):  
Age Group ◽  
Older Students ◽  
Normative Sample ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Visuospatial Reasoning ◽  
External Variables ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
The City ◽  
Age And Sex

In this study, the relation of age and sex with visuospatial reasoning assessed by the Cube Test was investigated. In addition, a comparative study was conducted between this study sample and the normative group of the test with regard to visuospatial reasoning performance results. Six hundred and eighty-four students participated in this study, from the city of Belo Horizonte (State of Minas Gerais, Brazil), aged between 15 and 57 years old, both male and female. The results showed both age and sex differences, where younger students showed a significantly higher performance than older students and men showed significantly higher averages than women in every test comparison. In the study with the normative sample, men showed higher averages than women throughout every age group and in the overall result of both studies. The results obtained reflect those found in the literature and highlight the influence of age and sex on visuospatial reasoning.

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